Forget Wi-Fi. Meet the new Li-Fi Internet | Harald Haas

1,356,889 views ใƒป 2015-12-02

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ron Dalal ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I would like to demonstrate for the first time in public
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™
00:16
that it is possible to transmit a video
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื“ืจ ื•ื™ื“ืื•
00:20
from a standard off-the-shelf LED lamp
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ืžืžื ื•ืจืช ืœื“ ืจื’ื™ืœื”
00:24
to a solar cell with a laptop acting as a receiver.
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ืืœ ืชื ืกื•ืœืืจื™, ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžืงืœื˜.
00:30
There is no Wi-Fi involved, it's just light.
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ืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื•ื™-ืคื™, ื–ื” ืจืง ืื•ืจ.
00:33
And you may wonder, what's the point?
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ืชื•ื”ื™ื, ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื?
00:35
And the point is this:
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ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื:
00:38
There will be a massive extension of the Internet
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ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืืจื›ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
00:41
to close the digital divide,
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™,
00:43
and also to allow for what we call "The Internet of Things" --
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ื•ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื "ื”ืื™ื ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื" --
00:48
tens of billions of devices connected to the Internet.
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ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืจืฉืช.
00:51
In my view, such an extension of the Internet can only work
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืชืฆืœื™ื— ืจืง
00:55
if it's almost energy-neutral.
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ืื ื”ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ื˜ืจืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
00:58
This means we need to use existing infrastructure as much as possible.
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ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ.
01:03
And this is where the solar cell and the LED come in.
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ื•ืคื” ื”ืชื ื”ืกื•ืœืืจื™ ื•ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื“ ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชืžื•ื ื”.
01:08
I demonstrated for the first time,
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ื”ื“ื’ืžืชื™ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
01:11
at TED in 2011,
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ื‘-TED ื‘-2011,
01:13
Li-Fi, or Light Fidelity.
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ืœื™-ืคื™, ืื• ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ.
01:15
Li-Fi uses off-the-shelf LEDs to transmit data incredibly fast,
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ืœื™-ืคื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื“ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“,
01:21
and also in a safe and secure manner.
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ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืžื•ื’ืŸ.
01:25
Data is transported by the light,
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ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืจ,
01:28
encoded in subtle changes of the brightness.
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ืฉืžืงื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
01:32
If we look around, we have many LEDs around us,
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ืื ื ืกืชื›ืœ, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื“ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•,
01:35
so there's a rich infrastructure of Li-Fi transmitters around us.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื“ืจื™ ืœื™-ืคื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
01:41
But so far, we have been using special devices -- small photo detectors,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• , ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื -- ื’ืœืื™ ืื•ืจ ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
01:46
to receive the information encoded in the data.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืžืงื•ื“ื“ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
01:50
I wanted to find a way to also use existing infrastructure
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช
01:54
to receive data from our Li-Fi lights.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™-ืคื™.
01:58
And this is why I have been looking into solar cells and solar panels.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื“ืงืชื™ ืชืื™ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื.
02:03
A solar cell absorbs light and converts it into electrical energy.
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ืชื ืกื•ืœืจื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ ืื•ืจ, ื•ืžืžื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช.
02:08
This is why we can use a solar cell to charge our mobile phone.
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื ืกื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ืขื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“.
02:13
But now we need to remember
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ,
02:14
that the data is encoded in subtle changes of the brightness of the LED,
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ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืงื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืจืช ื”ืœื“.
02:21
so if the incoming light fluctuates,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ื ืก, ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื”
02:24
so does the energy harvested from the solar cell.
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ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ืžื”ืชื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™.
02:28
This means we have a principal mechanism in place
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจื™
02:32
to receive information from the light and by the solar cell,
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™,
02:38
because the fluctuations of the energy harvested
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช
02:41
correspond to the data transmitted.
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ืžืชื•ืืžื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืžื•ืขื‘ืจ.
02:43
Of course the question is:
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ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื:
02:46
can we receive very fast and subtle changes of the brightness,
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืจื’ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
02:50
such as the ones transmitted by our LED lights?
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื“ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช?
02:54
And the answer to that is yes, we can.
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
02:58
We have shown in the lab
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ื”ืจืื ื• ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”
03:00
that we can receive up to 50 megabytes per second
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขื“ ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ 50 ืžื’ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื”
03:03
from a standard, off-the-shelf solar cell.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื ืกื•ืœืจื™ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™.
03:06
And this is faster than most broadband connections these days.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืก ื”ืจื—ื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื.
03:11
Now let me show you in practice.
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ื›ืขืช, ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืœื›ื.
03:17
In this box is a standard, off-the-shelf LED lamp.
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ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื ื–ื•, ื™ืฉื ื” ื ื•ืจืช ืœื“ ืจื’ื™ืœื”.
03:23
This is a standard, off-the-shelf solar cell;
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ื–ื” ืชื ืกื•ืœืจื™ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™
03:25
it is connected to the laptop.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืœืคื˜ื•ืค.
03:28
And also we have an instrument here
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ
03:31
to visualize the energy we harvest from the solar cell.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ืชื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™.
03:35
And this instrument shows something at the moment.
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ื•ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ืจื’ืข ืžืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
03:37
This is because the solar cell already harvests light from the ambient light.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงืœื˜ ืื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
03:43
Now what I would like to do first is switch on the light,
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ื›ืขืช , ืื ื™ ืืจืฆื” ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ
03:45
and I'll simply, only switch on the light,
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ , ืื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ
03:48
for a moment,
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ืœืจื’ืข ืื—ื“
03:50
and what you'll notice is that the instrument jumps to the right.
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืงื•ืคืฅ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ
03:54
So the solar cell, for a moment,
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ืื–, ื”ืชื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™, ืœืจื’ืข ืื—ื“
03:56
is harvesting energy from this artificial light source.
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ืžืงื‘ืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™.
04:00
If I turn it off, we see it drops.
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ืื ืื›ื‘ื” ืืช ื ื•ืจืช ื”ืœื“, ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื™ื•ืจื“.
04:03
I turn it on ...
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ืื ื™ ืื“ืœื™ืง ืื•ืชื•...
04:05
So we harvest energy with the solar cell.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืชื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™.
04:08
But next I would like to activate the streaming of the video.
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ื›ืขืช, ืื ื™ ืืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื•
04:15
And I've done this by pressing this button.
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ื•ืืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ืฆืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
04:17
So now this LED lamp here is streaming a video
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ื›ืขืช, ื ื•ืจืช ื”ืœื“ ืฉื›ืืŸ ืžื–ืจื™ืžื” ื•ื™ื“ืื•.
04:22
by changing the brightness of the LED in a very subtle way,
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ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”LED, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืžืื•ื“,
04:26
and in a way that you can't recognize with your eye,
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ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืขื™ืŸ,
04:29
because the changes are too fast to recognize.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™.
04:33
But in order to prove the point,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื”
04:35
I can block the light of the solar cell.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™.
04:40
So first you notice the energy harvesting drops
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ืื– ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ื™ื•ืจื“ืช
04:43
and the video stops as well.
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ื•ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืขื•ืฆืจ ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
04:45
If I remove the blockage, the video will restart.
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ืื ืื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ื , ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื™ืื•ืชื—ืœ.
04:49
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:55
And I can repeat that.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš
04:57
So we stop the transmission of the video and energy harvesting stops as well.
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ื›ืฉื ืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• , ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืชืขืฆื•ืจ ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
05:03
So that is to show that the solar cell acts as a receiver.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืฉื”ืชื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืงื•ืœื˜.
05:08
But now imagine that this LED lamp is a street light, and there's fog.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขืช , ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื ื•ืจืช ื”ืœื“ ื”ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ื ืžื ื•ืจืช ืจื—ื•ื‘, ื•ื™ืฉ ืขืจืคืœ.
05:14
And so I want to simulate fog,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืขืจืคืœ,
05:16
and that's why I brought a handkerchief with me.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืžืžื—ื˜ื” ืื™ืชื™.
05:19
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:20
And let me put the handkerchief over the solar cell.
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ื•ื›ืขืช , ืืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืžื—ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™.
05:25
First you notice
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘
05:27
the energy harvested drops, as expected,
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ืฉื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ื™ืจื“ื”, ื›ืฆืคื•ื™,
05:31
but now the video still continues.
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ืื‘ืœ, ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš.
05:34
This means, despite the blockage,
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ, ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ื,
05:37
there's sufficient light coming through the handkerchief to the solar cell,
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ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื•ืจ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืžื—ื˜ื” ืืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™,
05:41
so that the solar cell is able to decode and stream that information,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื“ื“ ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข,
05:46
in this case, a high-definition video.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช HD.
05:51
What's really important here is that a solar cell has become a receiver
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ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืชื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงืœื˜
05:56
for high-speed wireless signals encoded in light,
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ืœืื•ืชื•ืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืžืงื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจ.
06:00
while it maintains its primary function as an energy-harvesting device.
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ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ื›ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
06:05
That's why it is possible
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™
06:08
to use existing solar cells on the roof of a hut
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืื™ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช
06:12
to act as a broadband receiver
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ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื›ืงื•ืœื˜ื™ ืคืก-ืจื—ื‘
06:14
from a laser station on a close by hill, or indeed, lamp post.
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ืžืชื—ื ืช ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”, ืื• ืžื ื•ืจืช ืจื—ื•ื‘.
06:19
And It really doesn't matter where the beam hits the solar cell.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ืคื” ื”ืงืจืŸ ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืชื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™.
06:23
And the same is true
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ื•ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื
06:24
for translucent solar cells integrated into windows,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืื™ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื ืœืžื—ืฆื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช,
06:28
solar cells integrated into street furniture,
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ืชืื™ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ืจื—ื•ื‘,
06:32
or indeed, solar cells integrated into these billions of devices
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ืื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ , ืชืื™ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื™ืœืืจื“ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื.
06:36
that will form the Internet of Things.
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ืฉื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื”"ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื"
06:38
Because simply,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜,
06:40
we don't want to charge these devices regularly,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื˜ืขื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”,
06:42
or worse, replace the batteries every few months.
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ืื• ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
06:46
As I said to you,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ื,
06:48
this is the first time I've shown this in public.
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ื–ืืช ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจืื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™.
06:50
It's very much a lab demonstration,
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ื–ื• ืžืžืฉ ื”ื“ื’ืžืช ืžืขื‘ื“ื”,
06:52
a prototype.
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ืื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก.
06:54
But my team and I are confident that we can take this to market
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ืื‘ืœ, ืื ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืง.
06:57
within the next two to three years.
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ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
07:00
And we hope we will be able to contribute to closing the digital divide,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื˜ืœื™,
07:05
and also contribute
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ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืชืจื•ื
07:06
to connecting all these billions of devices to the Internet.
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ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
07:10
And all of this without causing
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื
07:11
a massive explosion of energy consumption --
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ืœืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” --
07:14
because of the solar cells, quite the opposite.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ื, ืืœื ืœื”ืคืš.
07:16
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
07:17
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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