Forget Wi-Fi. Meet the new Li-Fi Internet | Harald Haas

1,355,520 views ・ 2015-12-02

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jia KIM κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I would like to demonstrate for the first time in public
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였늘 처음 곡개적으둜 μ‹œμ—°μ„ ν•΄ 보고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
that it is possible to transmit a video
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μ˜μƒμ„ μ „μ†‘ν•˜λŠ” 데
00:20
from a standard off-the-shelf LED lamp
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μ‹œμ€‘μ— νŒλ§€ν•˜λŠ” ν‘œμ€€ LED λž¨ν”„μ—μ„œ
00:24
to a solar cell with a laptop acting as a receiver.
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νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λ‘œ λ…ΈνŠΈλΆμ„ μˆ˜μ‹ κΈ°λ‘œ λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” 게 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
There is no Wi-Fi involved, it's just light.
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Wi-Fiμ™€λŠ” 관계없이 λΉ›μœΌλ‘œλ§Œ ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
And you may wonder, what's the point?
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"κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš”μ μ΄ λ­”κ°€μš”?" 라고 κΆκΈˆν•΄ ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
And the point is this:
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μš”μ μ€ μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€:
00:38
There will be a massive extension of the Internet
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 규λͺ¨μ˜ 인터넷 ν™•μž₯이 μžˆμ„ ν…λ°μš”,
00:41
to close the digital divide,
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디지털 격차λ₯Ό 쀄이고
00:43
and also to allow for what we call "The Internet of Things" --
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μ†Œμœ„ "사물 인터넷"이라고 ν•˜μ£ .
00:48
tens of billions of devices connected to the Internet.
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수 λ°±μ–΅λŒ€μ˜ κΈ°κΈ°λ₯Ό 인터넷에 μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄ μ£ΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
In my view, such an extension of the Internet can only work
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제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 인터넷 ν™•μž₯은
거의 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
if it's almost energy-neutral.
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00:58
This means we need to use existing infrastructure as much as possible.
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즉, 기쑴의 κΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€μ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν•œ 많이 μ΄μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
01:03
And this is where the solar cell and the LED come in.
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λ°”λ‘œ 여기에 νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€μ™€ LEDκ°€ μ“°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
I demonstrated for the first time,
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μ €λŠ” 2011λ…„ TEDμ—μ„œ 졜초둜 Li-Fi λ˜λŠ” 빛좩싀도λ₯Ό μ‹œμ—°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
at TED in 2011,
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01:13
Li-Fi, or Light Fidelity.
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1984
01:15
Li-Fi uses off-the-shelf LEDs to transmit data incredibly fast,
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Li-FiλŠ” 일반 LED μ œν’ˆμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 데이터λ₯Ό μ•„μ£Ό 빨리 μ „μ†‘ν•˜κ³ 
01:21
and also in a safe and secure manner.
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또 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ³  ν™•μ‹€ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
Data is transported by the light,
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λ°μ΄ν„°λŠ” λΉ›μœΌλ‘œ μ „μ†‘λ˜λ©°
01:28
encoded in subtle changes of the brightness.
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밝기에 λ―Έλ¬˜ν•œ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 톡해 μ•”ν˜Έν™” ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
If we look around, we have many LEDs around us,
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이곳을 λ‘˜λŸ¬ 보면 주변에 λ§Žμ€ LED듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
so there's a rich infrastructure of Li-Fi transmitters around us.
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저희 μ£Όμœ„μ—λŠ” Li-Fi 전솑기 기반이 ν’λΆ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:41
But so far, we have been using special devices -- small photo detectors,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€λŠ” κ΄‘κ²€μΆœκΈ°λΌλŠ” μ†Œν˜• 특수 μž₯치λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
01:46
to receive the information encoded in the data.
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μ•”ν˜Έν™”λœ λ°μ΄ν„°λ‘œ 정보λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
I wanted to find a way to also use existing infrastructure
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μ €λŠ” 기쑴의 μ‹œμ„€μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ Li-Fi λΉ›μœΌλ‘œ
01:54
to receive data from our Li-Fi lights.
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데이터λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ‹ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
And this is why I have been looking into solar cells and solar panels.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€μ™€ νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€νŒμ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
A solar cell absorbs light and converts it into electrical energy.
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νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λŠ” 빛을 ν‘μˆ˜ν•˜μ—¬ μ „κΈ° μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ λ³€ν™˜μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
This is why we can use a solar cell to charge our mobile phone.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ νœ΄λŒ€ν°μ„ νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λ‘œ μΆ©μ „ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
But now we need to remember
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 생각해야 ν•  점은
02:14
that the data is encoded in subtle changes of the brightness of the LED,
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데이터λ₯Ό LED 밝기의 λ―Έλ¬˜ν•œ λ³€ν™”λ‘œ μ•”ν˜Έν™” ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
02:21
so if the incoming light fluctuates,
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λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λŠ” 빛이 λ³€ν•˜λ©΄
02:24
so does the energy harvested from the solar cell.
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νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λ‘œ λͺ¨μ•„λ‘” μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ„ λ³€λ™ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
This means we have a principal mechanism in place
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이것은 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ©”μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ΄ ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ–΄
02:32
to receive information from the light and by the solar cell,
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λΉ›κ³Ό νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λ‘œ 정보λ₯Ό 받을 수 있게 λ˜λŠ”λ°
02:38
because the fluctuations of the energy harvested
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그것은 λͺ¨μ•„듀인 μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 변동이
02:41
correspond to the data transmitted.
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μ „μ†‘λœ 데이타와 μΌμΉ˜ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
Of course the question is:
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
02:46
can we receive very fast and subtle changes of the brightness,
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ν”ν•œ LED λΉ›μ—μ„œ μ „μ†‘λ˜λŠ” 것 처럼
02:50
such as the ones transmitted by our LED lights?
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μ•„μ£Ό λΉ λ₯΄κ³  νœ˜λ„μ˜ λ―Έλ¬˜ν•œ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ£ΌλŠ” 것을 받을 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:54
And the answer to that is yes, we can.
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λ„€, κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
We have shown in the lab
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μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œμ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³Έ λ°”
03:00
that we can receive up to 50 megabytes per second
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ν”ν•œ νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 맀 초 50MBλ₯Ό μˆ˜μ‹ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
from a standard, off-the-shelf solar cell.
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03:06
And this is faster than most broadband connections these days.
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이것은 μš”μ¦ˆμŒ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κ΄‘μ—­ 톡신망보닀 λΉ λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
Now let me show you in practice.
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이제 μ œκ°€ μ‹€ν–‰ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
In this box is a standard, off-the-shelf LED lamp.
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이 μƒμžμ—λŠ” 일반적인 LED λž¨ν”„κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
This is a standard, off-the-shelf solar cell;
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이것은 ν‘œμ€€ νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€;
03:25
it is connected to the laptop.
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λ…ΈνŠΈλΆμ— μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
And also we have an instrument here
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νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λ‘œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λͺ¨μ€ 것을 보여쀄 κ³„κΈ°νŒμ΄ μ—¬κΈ° μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
to visualize the energy we harvest from the solar cell.
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03:35
And this instrument shows something at the moment.
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μ§€κΈˆ κ³„κΈ°νŒμ€ λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό 보여주고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
This is because the solar cell already harvests light from the ambient light.
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이 μ΄μœ λŠ” νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€κ°€ ν™˜κ²½κ΄‘μœΌλ‘œ 인해 빛을 λͺ¨μœΌκ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
Now what I would like to do first is switch on the light,
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μ§€κΈˆ 처음으둜 μ œκ°€ ν•  것은 빛을 μΌœλŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:45
and I'll simply, only switch on the light,
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그리고 κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ 빛을 μΌœκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:48
for a moment,
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03:50
and what you'll notice is that the instrument jumps to the right.
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그리고 계기가 였λ₯Έμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ λ›°λŠ” 것을 보셨을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
So the solar cell, for a moment,
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μž μ‹œλ‚˜λ§ˆ νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λŠ”
03:56
is harvesting energy from this artificial light source.
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μΈκ³΅κ΄‘μ›μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λͺ¨μœΌκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
If I turn it off, we see it drops.
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μ œκ°€ 끄면, λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
I turn it on ...
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μΌœκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€...
04:05
So we harvest energy with the solar cell.
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νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λ‘œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λͺ¨μœΌκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
But next I would like to activate the streaming of the video.
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λ‹€μŒ μ˜μƒ μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬λ°μ„ μ‹œν–‰ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
And I've done this by pressing this button.
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이 단좔λ₯Ό λˆŒλŸ¬μ„œ μ‹œν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
So now this LED lamp here is streaming a video
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이제 이 LEDλž¨ν”„λŠ” λΉ›μ˜ λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΉ¨λΌμ„œ
04:22
by changing the brightness of the LED in a very subtle way,
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우리 λˆˆμœΌλ‘œλŠ” λͺ» λ³΄λŠ” νœ˜λ„μ˜ λ―Έλ¬˜ν•œ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 쀘
04:26
and in a way that you can't recognize with your eye,
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04:29
because the changes are too fast to recognize.
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μ˜μƒ μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬λ°μ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
But in order to prove the point,
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그것을 증λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
04:35
I can block the light of the solar cell.
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νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€μ˜ 빛을 차단할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
So first you notice the energy harvesting drops
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처음 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것은 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 수용이 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έμ„œ
04:43
and the video stops as well.
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μ˜μƒλ„ ν•¨κ»˜ μ •μ§€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:45
If I remove the blockage, the video will restart.
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차단막을 μ—†μ• λ©΄ μ˜μƒμ€ λ‹€μ‹œ μž¬κ°€λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
04:55
And I can repeat that.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ°˜λ³΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
So we stop the transmission of the video and energy harvesting stops as well.
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μ˜μƒ 전솑을 μ€‘λ‹¨ν•˜λ©΄ λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μˆ˜μš©λ„ μ€‘λ‹¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
So that is to show that the solar cell acts as a receiver.
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νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λŠ” μˆ˜μ‹ κΈ°λ‘œλ„ μ΄μš©λ˜λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
But now imagine that this LED lamp is a street light, and there's fog.
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이제 이 LEDλž¨ν”„κ°€ κ°€λ‘œλ“±μ΄κ³  μ•ˆκ°œκ°€ λΌμ˜€λ‹€κ³  상상해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
05:14
And so I want to simulate fog,
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μ•ˆκ°œ λͺ¨μ˜μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μœ„ν•΄
05:16
and that's why I brought a handkerchief with me.
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μ†μˆ˜κ±΄μ„ 가지고 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:20
And let me put the handkerchief over the solar cell.
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μ†μˆ˜κ±΄μ„ νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€μ— 올렀 λ†“κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
First you notice
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처음 μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜μ‹€ 것은
05:27
the energy harvested drops, as expected,
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μ˜ˆμƒλŒ€λ‘œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 수용λ₯ μ΄ λ–¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ
05:31
but now the video still continues.
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μ˜μƒμ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ κ°€λ™λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
This means, despite the blockage,
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이것은 λ°©ν•΄μš”μ†Œμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
05:37
there's sufficient light coming through the handkerchief to the solar cell,
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빛이 μ†μˆ˜κ±΄μ„ ν†΅κ³Όν•˜μ—¬ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€μ— λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κ³ 
05:41
so that the solar cell is able to decode and stream that information,
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νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€κ°€ ν•΄λ…ν•˜μ—¬, 이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” κ³ ν™”μ§ˆ μ˜μƒ 정보λ₯Ό μ „μ†‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
in this case, a high-definition video.
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05:51
What's really important here is that a solar cell has become a receiver
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은 νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€κ°€ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ λͺ¨μœΌλŠ”
05:56
for high-speed wireless signals encoded in light,
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κΈ°κ³„λ‘œ 일차기λŠ₯을 μœ μ§€ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
06:00
while it maintains its primary function as an energy-harvesting device.
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빛에 μ•”ν˜Έν™”λœ 고속 무선 μ‹ ν˜Έμ˜ 전솑기가 된 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
That's why it is possible
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κΈ°μ‘΄ μ˜€λ‘λ§‰ μœ„μ— μžˆλŠ” νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λ₯Ό
06:08
to use existing solar cells on the roof of a hut
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κ°€κΉŒμš΄ 언덕 μœ„μ— λ ˆμ΄μ € 기지 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ κ°€λ‘œλ“±μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
06:12
to act as a broadband receiver
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고속 데이터 톡신망 μ „μ†‘κΈ°λ‘œ 이용 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
from a laser station on a close by hill, or indeed, lamp post.
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06:19
And It really doesn't matter where the beam hits the solar cell.
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그리고 빛이 νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€ 어디에 λ‹ΏλŠ” 것은 μƒκ΄€μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
And the same is true
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 κ²½μš°λ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:24
for translucent solar cells integrated into windows,
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창문에 ν™œμš©ν•œ 반투λͺ… νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λ‚˜, λ„λ‘œ μ‹œμ„€λ¬Όμ— 반투λͺ… νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λ‚˜,
06:28
solar cells integrated into street furniture,
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06:32
or indeed, solar cells integrated into these billions of devices
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"사물 인터넷"을 ν˜μ‹ ν•  μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅ λŒ€μ˜ 기기듀에
06:36
that will form the Internet of Things.
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κ°€λŠ₯μΌ€ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
Because simply,
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κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ λ§ν•˜λ©΄ 기기듀을 자주 μΆ©μ „ν•˜κΈ° μ›μΉ˜μ•Šκ³ 
06:40
we don't want to charge these devices regularly,
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06:42
or worse, replace the batteries every few months.
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λ”ν•œ 상황은 건전지λ₯Ό 맀월 κ΅μ²΄ν•˜κΈΈ μ›μΉ˜ μ•ŠμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
06:46
As I said to you,
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이미 λ§μ”€λ“œλ Έλ“―μ΄
06:48
this is the first time I've shown this in public.
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이것은 처음으둜 λŒ€μ€‘μ—κ²Œ κ³΅κ°œν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
It's very much a lab demonstration,
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이것은 연ꡬ싀 μ„€λͺ…νšŒμ΄λ©° μ‹œμ œν’ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
a prototype.
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06:54
But my team and I are confident that we can take this to market
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 저와 제 νŒ€μ€ 이것을 2λ…„μ—μ„œ 3년이내 μƒν’ˆν™”ν•  μžμ‹ μ΄ 있고
06:57
within the next two to three years.
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07:00
And we hope we will be able to contribute to closing the digital divide,
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 디지털 격차λ₯Ό μ€„μ΄λŠ”λ° κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜κ³ 
07:05
and also contribute
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λ˜ν•œ 수 μ‹­ μ–΅λŒ€μ˜ κΈ°κΈ°λ₯Ό 인터넷에 μ—°κ²°ν•  수 있게 κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜κΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
to connecting all these billions of devices to the Internet.
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07:10
And all of this without causing
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것이 폭발적인 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ†ŒλΉ„μ—†μ΄ 되길 λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
a massive explosion of energy consumption --
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07:14
because of the solar cells, quite the opposite.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ νƒœμ–‘μ „μ§€λŠ” κ·Έ λ°˜λŒ€μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
Thank you.
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κ³ λ§™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:17
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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