Are we born to run? | Christopher McDougall

1,979,816 views ใƒป 2011-02-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Sigal Tifferet ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
Running: it's basically just right, left, right, left, yeah?
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ืจื™ืฆื”: ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืจืง ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืฉืžืืœ, ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืฉืžืืœ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
00:18
I mean, we've been doing it for two million years,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ 2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื,
ืื– ืงืฆืช ื™ื”ื™ืจ ืžืฆื™ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื™ื—
00:21
so it's kind of arrogant to assume that I've got something to say
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ
00:24
that hasn't been said and performed better a long time ago.
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ืฉืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ.
00:28
But the cool thing about running, as I've discovered,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ืจื™ืฆื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™,
ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ื–ืจ ืงื•ืจื”
00:31
is that something bizarre happens in this activity all the time.
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ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
00:34
Case in point: A couple months ago, if you saw the New York City Marathon,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื: ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื, ืื ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง,
ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืจืื™ืชื ืžืฉื”ื•
00:38
I guarantee you, you saw something that no one has ever seen before.
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ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจืื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
00:42
An Ethiopian woman named Derartu Tulu turns up at the starting line.
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ืืฉื” ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื“ืจืจื˜ื• ื˜ื•ืœื•
ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืงื• ื”ื–ื™ื ื•ืง.
ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช 37,
00:47
She's 37 years old.
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00:48
She hasn't won a marathon of any kind in eight years,
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ื™ืฆื—ื” ืืฃ ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ื‘8 ืฉื ื™ื,
ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช
00:51
and a few months previously,
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00:52
she had almost died in childbirth.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืชื” ื‘ืœื™ื“ื”.
00:54
Derartu Tulu was ready to hang it up and retire from the sport,
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ื“ืจืจื˜ื• ื˜ื•ืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ื” ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช,
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ
00:58
but she decided she'd go for broke
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00:59
and try for one last big payday in the marquee event,
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ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ
ื‘ืืจื•ืข ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜,
01:03
the New York City Marathon.
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ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
01:05
Except -- bad news for Derartu Tulu -- some other people had the same idea,
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ืื‘ืœ - ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ืœื“ืจืจื˜ื• ื˜ื•ืœื• - ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืขื ืื•ืชื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื”
01:09
including the Olympic gold medalist,
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ื•ืคื•ืœื” ืจื“ืงืœื™ืฃ, ื—ื™ื” ืจืขื”,
01:11
and Paula Radcliffe, who is a monster,
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ืจืฆืช ื”ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
01:14
the fastest woman marathoner in history by far.
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01:17
Only 10 minutes off the men's world record,
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ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืจืง 10 ื“' ืžืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื,
ืคื•ืœื” ืจื“ืงืœื™ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื ื•ืฆื—ืช.
01:20
Paula Radcliffe is essentially unbeatable.
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ืืœื” ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”.
01:23
That's her competition.
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ื”ืืงื“ื— ื™ื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืื ื“ืจื“ื•ื’,
01:25
The gun goes off, and -- I mean, she's not even an underdog;
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื ื“ืจื“ื•ื’ื™ื.
01:28
she's, like, under the underdogs.
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01:29
But the under-underdog hangs tough,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืช-ืื ื“ืจื“ื•ื’ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืขืžื“.
ื•ืœืื—ืจ 22 ืžืชื•ืš 26 ื”ืžื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช,
01:32
and 22 miles into a 26-mile race,
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01:34
there is Derartu Tulu, up there with the lead pack.
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ื”ื ื” ื“ืจืจื˜ื• ื˜ื•ืœื•
ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”.
01:38
Now, this is when something really bizarre happens.
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ื•ืื– ืงื•ืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ื–ืจ.
01:41
Paula Radcliffe, the one person who is sure to snatch the big paycheck
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ืคื•ืœื” ืจื“ืงืœื™ืฃ, ืžื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืชืงื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืคืจืก
ืชื—ืช ื™ื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืจืจื˜ื• ื˜ื•ืœื• ื”ืชืช-ืื ื“ืจื“ื•ื’,
01:45
from Derartu Tulu's under-underdog hands,
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ืœืคืชืข ืœื•ืคืชืช ืืช ืจื’ืœื” ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืกื’ืช.
01:48
suddenly grabs her leg and starts to fall back.
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01:50
So we all know what to do in this situation, right?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœื” ืžืจืคืง ื‘ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื
01:53
You give her a quick crack in the teeth with your elbow
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ื•ื˜ืกื™ื ืœืงื• ื”ืกื™ื•ื.
01:55
and blaze for the finish line.
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01:57
Derartu Tulu ruins the script.
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ื“ืจืจื˜ื• ื˜ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ืจืกืช ืืช ื”ืชืกืจื™ื˜ ื”ื–ื”.
01:59
Instead of taking off,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืžืจื™ื,
02:01
she falls back and she grabs Paula Radcliffe,
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ื”ื™ื ื ืกื•ื’ื”, ืชื•ืคืกืช ืืช ืคื•ืœื” ืจื“ืงืœื™ืฃ,
02:03
and says, "Come on. Come with us. You can do it."
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ืื•ืžืจืช, "ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื‘ื•ืื™ ืื™ืชื ื•, ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”."
02:05
So Paula Radcliffe, unfortunately, does it.
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ืื– ืคื•ืœื” ืจื“ืงืœื™ืฃ, ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”
02:08
She catches up with the lead pack
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02:09
and is pushing toward the finish line.
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ื•ื“ื•ื—ืคืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ืงื• ื”ืกื™ื•ื.
02:11
But then she falls back again.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืกื’ืช ืฉื•ื‘.
02:13
The second time, Derartu Tulu grabs her and tries to pull her.
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ื•ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื“ืจืจื˜ื• ื˜ื•ืœื• ืชื•ืคืกืช ืื•ืชื” ื•ืžื ืกื” ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืื•ืชื”.
ื•ืคื•ืœื” ืจื“ืงืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืื•ืžืจืช,
02:16
And Paula Radcliffe, at that point, says, "I'm done. Go."
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"ืื ื™ ื’ืžื•ืจื”. ืจื•ืฆื™."
02:19
So that's a fantastic story, and we all know how it ends.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื.
02:22
She loses the check,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืคืกื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืฆ'ืง,
02:23
but she goes home with something bigger and more important.
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
02:26
Except Derartu Tulu ruins the script again.
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ืจืจื˜ื• ื˜ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ืจืกืช ืืช ื”ืชืกืจื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื‘.
02:29
Instead of losing, she blazes past the lead pack and wins.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืงืคืช ื‘ืœื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ืžื ืฆื—ืช,
02:32
Wins the New York City Marathon,
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ืžื ืฆื—ืช ืืช ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
02:34
goes home with a big fat check.
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ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื ืฆ'ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืฉืžืŸ.
02:36
It's a heartwarming story,
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ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืžื—ืžื ืืช ื”ืœื‘,
02:38
but if you drill a little bit deeper,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชื—ืคืจื• ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื•ืง,
02:40
you've got to sort of wonder about what exactly was going on there.
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ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชื”ื•ืช ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืงืจื” ืฉื.
02:43
When you have two outliers in one organism,
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืฉืชื™ ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื—ื“,
ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช.
02:46
it's not a coincidence.
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02:47
When you have someone who is more competitive and more compassionate
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื•ื
ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช, ื’ื ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช.
02:51
than anybody else in the race, again, it's not a coincidence.
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ืชืจืื• ืœื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื ืงืจื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ื•ื–ื™ืžื™ื -
02:54
You show me a creature with webbed feet and gills;
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02:56
somehow water's involved.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื™ื.
02:58
Someone with that kind of heart, there's some kind of connection there.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื ืœื‘ ื›ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืฉืจ.
03:01
And the answer to it, I think, can be found
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉืœ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
03:04
down in the Copper Canyons of Mexico,
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03:06
where there's a reclusive tribe, called the Tarahumara Indians.
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ืฉื ื—ื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžืชื‘ื•ื“ื“,
ื”ื ืงืจื ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื”.
03:10
Now, the Tarahumara are remarkable for three things.
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ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื” ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
03:14
Number one is:
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03:15
they have been living essentially unchanged for the past 400 years.
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ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื—ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ 400 ืฉื ื”.
03:19
When the conquistadors arrived in North America you had two choices:
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ื›ืฉื”ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื”ื™ื• ืœืš ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช:
ืื• ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืžื•ืœื, ืื• ืœื‘ืจื•ื—.
03:23
you either fight back and engage or you could take off.
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ื”ืžืื™ื” ื•ื”ืืฆื˜ืง ื ืœื—ืžื•,
03:26
The Mayans and Aztecs engaged,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ ืžืื™ื” ื•ืืฆื˜ืง.
03:28
which is why there are very few Mayans and Aztecs.
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03:30
The Tarahumara had a different strategy.
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ืœื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื”.
03:32
They took off and hid
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ื”ื ื‘ืจื—ื• ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ืื•
03:34
in this labyrinthine, networking, spider-webbing system of canyons
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื,
ืžื‘ื•ืš ื“ืžื•ื™ ืงื•ืจื™ ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉ,
ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช,
03:39
called the Copper Canyons.
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03:40
And there they've remained since the 1600s,
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ื•ืฉื ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื• ืžืื– ื”ืžืื” ื”17,
ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืคื™ ืฉื—ื™ื• ืžืื– ื•ืžืขื•ืœื.
03:44
essentially the same way they've always been.
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03:47
The second thing remarkable about the Tarahumara is:
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื”
03:50
deep into old age -- 70 to 80 years old --
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืžืื•ื“ - 70, 80,
03:53
these guys aren't running marathons;
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ื”ื ืจืฆื™ื, ืœื ืžืจืชื•ื ื™ื,
03:55
they're running mega-marathons.
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ืืœื ืžื’ื”-ืžืจืชื•ื ื™ื.
03:57
They're not doing 26 miles,
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ื”ื ืœื ืจืฆื™ื 42 ืง"ืž,
03:59
they're doing 100, 150 miles at a time,
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ื”ื ืจืฆื™ื 150-250 ืง"ืž ื‘ืคืขื,
04:02
and apparently without injury, without problems.
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ื•ืœืœื ืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ื›ืš ื ืจืื”.
04:05
The last thing that's remarkable about the Tarahumara is:
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื”
04:07
all the things we're going to be talking about today,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ
04:10
all the things we're trying to use all of our technology
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื›ื— ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
04:13
and brain power to solve --
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04:14
things like heart disease and cholesterol and cancer;
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘, ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ, ืกืจื˜ืŸ,
ื•ืคืฉืข, ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื“ื›ืื•ืŸ -
04:17
crime, warfare and violence; clinical depression -- all this stuff --
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” - ื”ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื” ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื.
04:20
the Tarahumara don't know what you're talking about.
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื
04:23
They are free from all of these modern ailments.
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ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
ืื– ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ?
04:27
So what's the connection?
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
04:29
Again, we're talking about outliers;
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืกื™ื‘ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ.
04:31
there's got to be some kind of cause and effect.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื
04:33
Well, there are teams of scientists at Harvard and the University of Utah
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ื‘ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“ ื•ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื™ื•ื˜ื”
ืฉืžืชืืžืฆื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
04:37
that are bending their brains and trying to figure out
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ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื” ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืื– ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“.
04:39
what the Tarahumara have known forever.
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04:41
They're trying to solve those same kinds of mysteries.
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ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืชืขืœื•ืžื•ืช.
04:44
And once again, a mystery wrapped inside of a mystery --
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชืขืœื•ืžื” -
04:47
perhaps the key to Derartu Tulu and the Tarahumara
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื“ืจืจื˜ื• ื˜ื•ืœื• ื•ื”ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื”
ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชืขืœื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ:
04:51
is wrapped in three other mysteries, which go like this:
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04:53
Three things -- if you have the answer, come up and take the microphone,
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ืชืขืœื• ืœื›ืืŸ ื•ืชื’ื™ื“ื•,
ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื•ืชื”.
04:57
because nobody else knows the answer.
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ื•ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ืื– ืืชื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืื“ื ืื—ืจ.
04:58
If you know it, you're smarter than anybody on planet Earth.
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ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ืžืก' 1 ื”ื™ื ื–ื•:
05:01
Mystery number one is this:
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ืœืคื ื™ 2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื–ื™ื ืง ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื•.
05:03
Two million years ago, the human brain exploded in size.
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ืœืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื•ืคื™ืชืงื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื— ืืคื•ื ื” ืงื˜ืŸ.
05:06
Australopithecus had a tiny little pea brain.
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ืœืคืชืข ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื - ื”ื•ืžื• ืืจืงื˜ื•ืก -
05:08
Suddenly humans show up, Homo erectus, big old melon head.
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ืจืืฉ ืžืœื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
05:11
To have a brain of that size,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื—ื–ืง ืžื•ื— ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ื–ื”,
05:12
you need to have a source of condensed caloric energy.
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ืืชื” ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืงืœื•ืจื™ ืžืจื•ื›ื–.
05:16
In other words, early humans are eating dead animals --
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื›ืœื• ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืช -
ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—, ื–ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”.
05:19
no argument, that's a fact.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื,
05:21
The only problem is,
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05:22
the first edged weapons only appeared about 200,000 years ago.
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ื”ื ืฉืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ 200,000 ืฉื ื”.
ืื– ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืžืขื˜ 2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”,
05:26
So somehow, for nearly two million years,
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05:28
we are killing animals without any weapons.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืจื’ื ื• ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง.
05:31
Now, we're not using our strength,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•,
05:33
because we are the biggest sissies in the jungle.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœ.
05:35
Every other animal is stronger than we are,
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ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื” ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
05:37
they have fangs, they have claws, they have nimbleness, they have speed.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ืคืจื™ื, ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื•ืกื™ื™ืืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื™ืจ. ืกื ืื™ ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
05:41
We think Usain Bolt is fast.
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05:42
Usain Bolt can get his ass kicked by a squirrel.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื.
05:44
We're not fast.
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05:45
That would be an Olympic event:
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืจื•ืข ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™: ืฉื—ืจืจื• ืกื ืื™.
05:47
turn a squirrel loose, whoever catches it gets a gold medal.
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ืžื™ ืฉืชื•ืคืก ืืช ื”ืกื ืื™, ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื“ืœื™ื™ืช ื–ื”ื‘.
05:50
(Laughter)
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ืื– ื‘ืœื™ ื ืฉืง, ื‘ืœื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ื›ื•ื—, ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื• ื˜ื•ืคืจื™ื.
05:51
So no weapons, no speed, no strength, no fangs, no claws.
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”? ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ืžืก' 1.
05:54
How were we killing these animals? Mystery number one.
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05:56
Mystery number two:
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ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ืžืก' 2:
05:58
Women have been in the Olympics for quite some time now,
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ื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ,
06:01
but one thing that's remarkable about all women sprinters:
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช -
ื”ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืขื•ืช.
06:04
they all suck; they're terrible.
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06:05
There's not a fast woman on the planet and there never has been.
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ืื™ืŸ ืืฉื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื”"ื
ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื”.
06:09
The fastest woman to ever run a mile did it in 4:15.
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ื”ืืฉื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืจืฆื” ืžื™ื™ืœ ืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช ื‘ 4.15.
06:12
I could throw a rock and hit a high-school boy
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ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ื ืขืจ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
06:14
who can run faster than 4:15.
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ืฉืจืฅ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž4.15.
06:16
For some reason, you guys are just really slow.
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ืžืื™ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืืชืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
06:18
But --
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:19
(Laughter)
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06:20
But, you get to the marathon we were just talking about --
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืœื›ื• ืœืžืจืชื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœื™ื• -
06:23
you've only been allowed to run the marathon for 20 years,
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ 20 ืฉื ื”.
ื›ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”80
06:26
because prior to the 1980s, medical science said
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ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืื ืืฉื” ืชื ืกื” ืœืจื•ืฅ 42 ืง"ืž -
06:28
if a woman tried to run 26 miles -- does anyone know what would happen
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืื ืชื ืกื• ืœืจื•ืฅ 42 ืง"ืž,
06:32
if you tried to run 26 miles?
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ืœืžื” ื ืืกืจ ืขืœื™ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”80?
06:33
Why you were banned from the marathon before the 1980s?
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06:36
Audience Member: Her uterus would be torn.
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(ืงื”ืœ: ื”ืจื—ื ื™ื™ืงืจืข.) ื”ืจื—ื ืฉืœื” ื™ื™ืงืจืข.
06:38
Christopher McDougall: Her uterus would be torn, yes.
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ื›ืŸ. ืื™ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ื ืงืจืขื™ื.
06:40
Torn reproductive organs.
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ื”ืจื—ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืคืœ, ืžืžืฉ ื ื•ืคืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื•ืฃ.
06:42
The uterus would literally fall out of the body.
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06:44
(Laughter)
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืจืชื•ื ื™ื,
06:45
Now, I've been to a lot of marathons,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื.
06:47
and I've yet to see any ...
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:49
(Laughter)
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ืื– ื ืฉื™ื ืจืฆื•ืช ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ืจืง ื‘20 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
06:52
So it's only been 20 years
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06:53
that women have been allowed to run the marathon.
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ื‘ืขืงื•ืžืช ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืงืฆืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื–ื•,
06:55
In that very short learning curve, you've gone from broken organs
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ืืชืŸ ื”ื’ืขืชืŸ ืžืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืจื™ื
06:59
up to the fact that you're only 10 minutes off the male world record.
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ืœื›ืš ืฉืืชืŸ ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืจืง ื‘10 ื“'
ืžืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™.
07:03
Then you go beyond 26 miles, into the distance
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ื•ืื– ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช 42 ื”ืง"ืž,
ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืฉืžื“ืข ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื -
07:06
that medical science also told us would be fatal to humans --
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07:08
remember Pheidippides died when he ran 26 miles --
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ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืคื™ื™ื“ื™ืคื™ื“ืก ืžืช ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฅ 42 ืง"ืž -
ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœ80, 150 ืง"ืž,
07:11
you get to 50 and 100 miles, and suddenly, it's a different game.
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ื•ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
07:14
You take a runner like Ann Trason or Nikki Kimball or Jenn Shelton,
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ืชืงื—ื• ืจืฆื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืื• ื ื™ืงื™ ืงื™ืžื‘ืœ, ืื• ื’'ืŸ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ,
07:17
put them in a race of 50 or 100 miles against anybody in the world,
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ 80 ืื• 150 ืง"ืž ืžื•ืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
50% ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื ืฆื—ื•ืช.
07:21
and it's a coin toss who's going to win.
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ืืชืŸ ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื.
07:23
I'll give you an example.
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07:24
A couple years ago, Emily Baer signed up for a race
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ืืžื™ืœื™ ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ื ืจืฉืžื” ืœืžืจื•ืฅ
ืฉื ืงืจื 'ื”ืจื“ืจื•ืง 100',
07:27
called the Hardrock 100,
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07:28
which tells you all you need to know about the race.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืœ.
07:31
They give you 48 hours to finish this race.
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ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืš 48 ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื•ืฅ.
07:33
Well, Emily Baer -- 500 runners --
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ืื– ืืžื™ืœื™ ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ, ืžืชื•ืš 500 ืจืฆื™ื,
07:35
she finishes in eighth place, in the top 10,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื”-8, ื‘ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืชื—ืช,
07:37
even though she stopped at all the aid stations
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฆืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื”
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืจื•ืฅ -
07:40
to breastfeed her baby during the race.
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07:42
(Laughter)
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืฉื™ื’ื” 492 ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
07:43
And yet, she beat 492 other people.
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ื”ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”: ืื– ืœืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช
07:45
The last mystery:
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07:46
Why is it that women get stronger as distances get longer?
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื?
ื”ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื•:
07:49
The third mystery is this:
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07:50
At the University of Utah, they started tracking finishing times
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ื
ืฉืœ ืจืฆื™ ืžืจืชื•ืŸ.
07:54
for people running the marathon.
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07:55
What they found is that if you start running the marathon at age 19,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืฆืื•
ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ืชืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืจื•ืฅ ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 19,
07:59
you'll get progressively faster, year by year,
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ืืชื ืชืฉืคืจื• ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”,
ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 27.
08:02
until you reach your peak at age 27.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืชื™ื›ื ืขื•
08:04
And then after that, you succumb to the rigors of time.
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ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
ื•ืชื”ืคื›ื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื˜ื™ื™ื,
08:08
And you'll get slower and slower,
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08:09
until eventually you're back to running the same speed you were at age 19.
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ืขื“ ืฉืชืจื•ืฆื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 19.
ืื– ื‘ืขืจืš 7-8 ืฉื ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื™ื,
08:13
So about seven, eight years to reach your peak,
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ื•ืื– ื ืคื™ืœื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ืžืžื ื•,
08:15
and then gradually you fall off your peak,
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ืขื“ ืฉืชื—ื–ืจื• ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
08:17
until you go back to the starting point.
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08:19
You'd think it might take eight years to go back to the same speed,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืงื— 8 ืฉื ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืชื” ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
ืื•ืœื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื, ืœื - 45 ืฉื ื”.
08:23
maybe 10 years -- no, it's 45 years.
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08:25
64-year-old men and women
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 64
08:27
are running as fast as they were at age 19.
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ืจืฆื™ื ืžื”ืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฆื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 19.
08:30
Now, I defy you to come up with any other physical activity --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื ืจืื” ืืชื›ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช -
08:33
and please don't say golf -- something that's actually hard --
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ื•ืืœ ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ื’ื•ืœืฃ - ืžืฉื”ื• ืงืฉื” -
08:36
(Laughter)
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื
08:38
where geriatrics are performing as well as they did as teenagers.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื›ื ืขืจื™ื.
08:42
So you have these three mysteries.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืŸ ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
08:44
Is there one piece in the puzzle which might wrap all these things up?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืคืื–ืœ
ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื—ื“?
ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื
08:49
You've got to be careful anytime someone looks back in prehistory
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ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืคืจื”-ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืžื ืกื” ืœืชืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช,
08:52
and tries to give you a global answer because,
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ื›ื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืคืจื”-ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
08:54
it being prehistory, you can say whatever the hell you want
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“.
08:57
and get away with it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืืฆื™ืข ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื”:
08:58
But I'll submit this to you:
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ืื ืชืฉื™ืžื• ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืคืื–ืœ ื”ื–ื”,
09:00
If you put one piece in the middle of this jigsaw puzzle,
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ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
09:02
suddenly it all starts to form a coherent picture.
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ืื ืืชืŸ ืชื•ื”ื•ืช ืœืžื” ื”ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื” ืœื ืจื‘ื™ื,
09:05
If you're wondering why the Tarahumara don't fight
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ื•ืœื ืžืชื™ื ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘,
09:07
and don't die of heart disease,
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ืœืžื” ืืฉื” ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ื“ืจืจื˜ื• ื˜ื•ืœื•
09:09
why a poor Ethiopian woman named Derartu Tulu
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09:11
can be the most compassionate and yet the most competitive,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืจื—ื•ืžื” ื•ื’ื ื”ื›ื™ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ืช,
09:14
and why we somehow were able to find food without weapons,
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ื•ืœืžื” ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื
ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ื ืฉืง,
09:18
perhaps it's because humans,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื,
09:20
as much as we like to think of ourselves as masters of the universe,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืขืœ ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ืงื•ื,
09:23
actually evolved as nothing more than a pack of hunting dogs.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื‘ืจืจื• ื›ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ
ืœื”ืงื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืฆื“ื™ื.
09:27
Maybe we evolved as a hunting pack animal.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื ื•
ื›ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืœื”ืงืช ืฆื™ื“.
09:31
Because the one advantage we have in the wilderness --
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข -
ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืœื ื ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื˜ื•ืคืจื™ื ืื• ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช -
09:34
again, it's not our fangs, our claws or our speed --
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืœื”ื–ื™ืข.
09:36
the only thing we do really well is sweat.
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09:38
We're really good at being sweaty and smelly.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื”ื–ื™ืข ื•ืœื”ืกืจื™ื—.
09:41
Better than any other mammal on Earth, we can sweat really well.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืง ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื”"ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื™ืขื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘.
09:44
But the advantage of that little bit of social discomfort
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ
ื‘ืื™ ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
09:48
is the fact that, when it comes to running under hot heat for long distances,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืจื™ืฆื”
ืชื—ืช ื—ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
09:54
we're superb -- the best on the planet.
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09:56
You take a horse on a hot day,
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ืงื—ื• ืกื•ืก ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ื,
09:58
and after about five or six miles, that horse has a choice:
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ 8-10 ืง"ืž ืœืกื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.
ืื• ืœื ืฉื•ื, ืื• ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ,
10:01
it's either going to breathe or it's going to cool off.
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10:03
But it ain't doing both. We can.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื - ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ.
10:05
So what if we evolved as hunting pack animals?
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื ื• ื›ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื”ืงืช ืฆื™ื“?
10:08
What if the only natural advantage we had in the world
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ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื
10:12
was the fact that we could get together as a group,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื™ื—ื“ ื›ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”,
ืœืฆืืช ืœืกื•ื•ืื ื” ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื ื˜ื™ืœื•ืคื”,
10:15
go out there on that African savanna, pick out an antelope,
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ื•ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืœื”ืงื” ื•ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขื“ ืžื•ื•ืช?
10:18
go out as a pack, and run that thing to death?
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
10:21
That's all we could do.
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10:22
We could run really far on a hot day.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืจื•ืฅ ืžืžืฉ ืจื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ื.
10:24
Well, if that's true, a couple other things had to be true as well.
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ืื– ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
10:27
The key to being part of a hunting pack is the word "pack."
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ืžื™ืœืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืœื”ืงืช ืฆื™ื“" ื”ื™ื "ืœื”ืงื”."
10:30
If you go out by yourself and try to chase an antelope,
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ืื ืชืฆืื• ืœื‘ื“ื›ื, ื•ืชื ืกื• ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ ืื ื˜ื™ืœื•ืคื”,
ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื›ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืชื™ ื’ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื•ืื ื”.
10:33
I guarantee there will be two cadavers out in the savanna.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื™ื—ื“.
10:36
You need a pack to pull together.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”64-65
10:38
You need to have those 64- and 65-year-olds
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ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื–ืžืŸ
10:40
who have been doing this for a long time
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื–ื• ืื ื˜ื™ืœื•ืคื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืชืคื•ืก.
10:42
to understand which antelope you're trying to catch.
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ื”ืขื“ืจ ืžืชืคืฆืœ ื•ืื– ืžืชืื—ื“ ืฉื•ื‘.
10:44
The herd explodes and it gathers back again.
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10:46
Those expert trackers have to be part of the pack.
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ื”ืกื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืœื”ืงื”.
ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 15 ืง"ืž ืžืื—ื•ืจ.
10:49
They can't be 10 miles behind.
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10:50
You need the women and the adolescents there,
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ืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ืœืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืื™ืชื›ื,
10:52
because the two times in your life you most benefit from animal protein
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ื›ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™
ื”ื ื›ืฉืืช ืื ืžื ื™ืงื” ื•ื ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช.
10:56
is when you're a nursing mother and a developing adolescent.
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ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืื ื˜ื™ืœื•ืคื” ืžืชื” ื›ืืŸ,
10:59
It makes no sense to have the antelope over there, dead,
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 80 ืง"ืž.
11:01
and the people who want to eat it 50 miles away.
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืœื”ืงื”.
11:04
They need to be part of the pack.
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ืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 27 ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ืื•ื ื,
11:05
You need those 27-year-old studs at the peak of their powers
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ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ืจืฃ,
11:08
ready to drop the kill,
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ื•ืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืฉื,
11:09
and you need those teenagers who are learning the whole thing involved.
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ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ. ื›ื•ืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื.
ื”ืœื”ืงื” ื ืฉืืจืช ื™ื—ื“.
11:13
The pack stays together.
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11:14
Another thing that has to be true: this pack cannot be materialistic.
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ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื”ืงื” ื”ื–ื•: ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื ื™ืช ืžื“ื™.
11:17
You can't be hauling all your crap around, trying to chase the antelope.
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ืื™ืชืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื‘ืœ ืฉืœืš, ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืœื•ืคื”.
ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืงื” ืขืฆื‘ื ื™ืช, ืื• ืื—ืช ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ.
11:21
You can't be a pissed-off pack.
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11:22
You can't be bearing grudges, like, "I'm not chasing that guy's antelope.
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ื›ืžื• "ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืœื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืื•ืชื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืœื•ืคื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•."
11:26
He pissed me off. Let him go chase his own antelope."
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ื”ืœื”ืงื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื”,
11:28
The pack has got to be able to swallow its ego,
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ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื™ื—ื“.
11:31
be cooperative, and pull together.
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ืžื” ืฉืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช,
11:33
What you end up with, in other words,
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11:35
is a culture remarkably similar to the Tarahumara,
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ื–ื• ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ืคืœื™ื
ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื” -
11:39
a tribe that has remained unchanged since the Stone Age.
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ืื•ืชื• ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
ืžืื– ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืงืจื—.
11:43
It's a really compelling argument
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ื–ื• ื˜ืขื ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช
11:45
that maybe the Tarahumara are doing exactly what all of us had done
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš 2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”.
11:49
for two million years,
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11:50
that it's us in modern times who have sort of gone off the path.
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ืฉื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื•, ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจื“ื ื• ืžื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ.
11:53
You know, we look at running as this kind of alien, foreign thing,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืจื™ืฆื” ื›ืืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ืจื”, ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ืช,
11:56
this punishment you've got to do because you ate pizza the night before.
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ื›ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื›ืœื ื• ืคื™ืฆื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ืงื•ื“ื.
ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
12:00
But maybe it's something different.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื•
12:02
Maybe we're the ones who have taken this natural advantage we had
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ื•ืงืœืงืœื ื• ืื•ืชื•.
12:05
and we spoiled it.
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ืื™ืš ืงืœืงืœื ื• ืื•ืชื•? ื ื•, ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงืœืงืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ?
12:07
How do we spoil it? Well, how do we spoil anything?
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12:09
We try to cash in on it. Right?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื” ืจื•ื•ื—.
12:11
We try to can it and package it and make it "better"
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืืจื•ื– ืืช ื–ื”, ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื–ื”,
ื•ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื.
12:14
and then sell it to people.
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12:15
And then what happened was, we started creating
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ
12:17
these fancy cushioned things which can make running "better,"
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ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื’ื•ื ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
ืฉืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื™ืฆื”, ื ืขืœื™ ืจื™ืฆื”.
12:21
called running shoes.
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12:22
The reason I get personally pissed-off about running shoes
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื ืขืœื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜,
12:25
is because I bought a million of them and I kept getting hurt.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืงื ื™ืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืืœื”, ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืคืฆืข.
12:28
And I think if anybody in here runs --
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ืืŸ ืจืฅ -
12:30
I just had a conversation with Carol.
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ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืขื ืงืจื•ืœ,
12:32
We talked for two minutes backstage, and she talked about plantar fasciitis.
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื“ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื’ืœ.
ืื ืชื“ื‘ืจื• ืขื ืจืฅ, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื•ืš 30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช,
12:36
You talk to a runner, I guarantee within 30 seconds,
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12:38
the conversation turns to injury.
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ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช.
12:40
So if humans evolved as runners, if that's our one natural advantage,
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ืื– ืื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื ื‘ืจืจื• ืœืจื•ืฅ, ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœื ื•,
12:43
then why are we so bad at it?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื›"ื› ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื•? ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคืฆืข?
12:45
Why do we keep getting hurt?
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12:46
A curious thing about running and running injuries
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ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืจื™ืฆื”,
ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืชื•ืคืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.
12:49
is that the running injury is new to our time.
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12:51
If you read folklore and mythology,
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ืื ืชืงืจืื• ืคื•ืœืงืœื•ืจ ื•ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
12:53
any kind of myths, any kind of tall tales,
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ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืื• ืื’ื“ื”,
12:55
running is always associated with freedom and vitality
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ืจื™ืฆื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืงืฉื•ืจื”
ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ, ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ื–ืง.
12:59
and youthfulness and eternal vigor.
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ืจืง ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื ื•
13:01
It's only in our lifetime that running has become associated
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ืจื™ืฆื” ื ืงืฉืจื” ืœืคื—ื“ ื•ื›ืื‘.
13:04
with fear and pain.
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ื’'ืจื•ื ื™ืžื• ื ื”ื’ ืœื•ืžืจ
13:05
Geronimo used to say, "My only friends are my legs. I only trust my legs."
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"ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื ืจื’ืœื™. ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื˜ื— ืจืง ื‘ืจื’ืœื™."
13:09
That's because an Apache triathlon used to be you'd run 50 miles
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื˜ืจื™ืืชืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืืคืืฆ'ื™
ื”ื™ื™ืช ืจืฅ 80 ืง"ืž ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ,
13:13
across the desert,
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ื ืœื—ื ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื, ื’ื•ื ื‘ ื›ืžื” ืกื•ืกื™ื,
13:14
engage in hand-to-hand combat, steal a bunch of horses,
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ื•ืฉื•ืœืฃ ื ืฉืง.
13:16
and slap leather for home.
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ื’'ืจื•ื ื™ืžื• ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืืžืจ:
13:18
Geronimo was never saying, "You know something, my Achilles -- I'm tapering.
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"ื”ืื›ื™ืœืก ืฉืœื™, ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืขื•ืžืก. ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื—ื•ืคืฉ,"
13:21
I've got to take this week off."
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ืื• "ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘.
13:23
Or, "I need to cross-train. I didn't do yoga. I'm not ready."
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ื’ื”. ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื•ื›ืŸ."
13:26
(Laughter)
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ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืจืฆื• ื•ืจืฆื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
13:28
Humans ran and ran all the time.
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13:29
We are here today. We have our digital technology.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ืข ืฉืœื ื• ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
13:32
All of our science comes from the fact
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ืฉืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื›ืœื•
13:34
that our ancestors were able to do something extraordinary every day,
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื—ืคื•ืช
13:38
which was just rely on their naked feet and legs
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ืฉื™ืจื•ืฆื• ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื.
13:40
to run long distances.
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื–ื”?
13:42
So how do we get back to that again?
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13:43
Well, I would submit to you the first thing is:
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ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื
ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจื™ื–ื•ืช, ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง.
13:46
get rid of all packaging, all the sales, all the marketing.
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13:48
Get rid of all the stinking running shoes.
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ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื›ืœ ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืจื™ืฆื” ื”ืžืกืจื™ื—ื•ืช.
ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืžืจืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื,
13:51
Stop focusing on urban marathons,
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ื‘ื”ื ืื ืขืฉื™ืช 4 ืฉืขื•ืช ืืชื” ื’ืจื•ืข.
13:53
which, if you do four hours, you suck,
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13:55
and if you do 3:59:59, you're awesome,
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ืื ืขืฉื™ืช 3.59.59 ืืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
13:57
because you qualified for another race.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงื‘ืœืช ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจืช.
ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ื”ื›ื™ืฃ,
14:00
We need to get back to that sense of playfulness and joyfulness
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื’ื ืœืขื™ืจื•ื
14:03
and, I would say, nakedness,
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ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื”
14:06
that has made the Tarahumara
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ืœืื—ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืœื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
14:08
one of the healthiest and serene cultures in our time.
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ืื– ืžื” ื™ืฆื ืœื ื• ืžื–ื”?
14:11
So what's the benefit? So what?
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ืื– ืชืฉืจืคื• ืืช ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืœื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืืžืฉ?
14:13
So you burn off the Hรคagen-Dazs from the night before.
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14:15
But maybe there's another benefit there as well.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืจื•ื•ื—.
14:18
Without getting too extreme about this,
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืžื“ื™,
14:21
imagine a world where everybody could go out the door
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื
ื‘ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
ื•ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜
14:26
and engage in the kind of exercise
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ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
14:28
that's going to make them more relaxed, more serene,
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ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
14:31
more healthy,
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14:32
burn off stress --
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ืœืคืจื•ืง ืžืชื— -
14:33
where you don't come back into your office a raging maniac anymore,
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ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื–ืขื,
ื‘ื• ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื ื”ืจืจื™ ืœื—ืฅ.
14:37
or go home with a lot of stress on top of you again.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื
14:39
Maybe there's something between what we are today
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14:41
and what the Tarahumara have always been.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื”.
14:44
I don't say let's go back to the Copper Canyons
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช,
14:46
and live on corn and maize, which is the Tarahumara's preferred diet,
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ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื™ืจืก, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื”,
ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื.
14:50
but maybe there's somewhere in between.
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ื•ืื ื ืžืฆื ืื•ืชื”,
14:52
And if we find that thing,
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14:53
maybe there is a big fat Nobel Prize out there.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ืžืฆื ื’ื ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืฉืžืŸ.
14:56
Because if somebody could find a way to restore that natural ability
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ื›ื™ ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื ื“ืจืš
ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
15:01
that we all enjoyed for most of our existence
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ืžืžื ื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื”ื ื™ื ื• ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื ื•,
15:03
up until the 1970s or so,
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ืขื“ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 70,
15:05
the benefits -- social and physical and political and mental --
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ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื,
ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื,
15:10
could be astounding.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
15:11
What I've been seeing today is there is a growing subculture
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ืชืช-ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื“ืœื”
ืฉืœ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื—ืคื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื• ืžื ืขืœื™ื”ื.
15:16
of barefoot runners, people who've gotten rid of their shoes.
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15:18
And what they have found uniformly is,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื
15:20
you get rid of the shoes, you get rid of the stress,
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ืฉืื ืชื™ืคื˜ืจื• ืžื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื, ืชื™ืคื˜ืจื• ืžื”ืœื—ืฅ,
15:23
you get rid of the injuries and the ailments.
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ืชื™ืคื˜ืจื• ืžื”ืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื›ืื•ื‘ื™ื.
15:25
And what you find is something the Tarahumara have known
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืชื’ืœื• ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื•
ืฉื”ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืžืจื” ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘,
15:28
for a very long time:
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15:29
that this can be a whole lot of fun.
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ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื›ื™ืฃ.
15:31
I've experienced it personally myself.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื™.
15:33
I was injured all my life; then in my early 40s, I got rid of my shoes
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืคืฆื•ืข ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™, ื•ืื– ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”40 ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ื ืคื˜ืจืชื™ ืžื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื
15:36
and my running ailments have gone away, too.
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ื•ืžื›ืื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉืœื™ ื ืขืœืžื• ื’ื.
ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื–ื”.
15:39
So hopefully it's something we can all benefit from.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื™. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:41
I appreciate your listening to this story.
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15:43
Thanks very much.
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:44
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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