Are we born to run? | Christopher McDougall

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Running: it's basically just right, left, right, left, yeah?

Trčanje: u suštini to je samo desna, lijeva, desna, lijeva – zar ne?

I mean, we've been doing it for two million years,

Mislim, činimo to već dva milijuna godina,

pa je arogantno pretpostaviti

so it's kind of arrogant to assume that I've got something to say

da imam nešto za reći

that hasn't been said and performed better a long time ago.

što već nije rečeno i izvedeno davno ranije.

But the cool thing about running, as I've discovered,

Ali zanimljivo je u vezi s trčanjem, kako sam otkrio,

da se nešto bizarno događa

is that something bizarre happens in this activity all the time.

neprekidno tijekom ove aktivnosti.

Case in point: A couple months ago, if you saw the New York City Marathon,

Primjer: Prije par mjeseci, ako ste gledali njujorški maraton,

garantiram vam da ste vidjeli nešto

I guarantee you, you saw something that no one has ever seen before.

što još nitko nikada nije vidio.

An Ethiopian woman named Derartu Tulu turns up at the starting line.

Žena iz Etiopije, Derartu Tulu

pojavila se na početnoj liniji.

Ima 37 godina,

She's 37 years old.

She hasn't won a marathon of any kind in eight years,

već osam godina nije pobijedila ni na jednom maratonu,

a nekoliko mjeseci prije ovoga

and a few months previously,

she had almost died in childbirth.

umalo je umrla pri porodu.

Derartu Tulu was ready to hang it up and retire from the sport,

Derartu Tulu je bila spremna odustati i povući se iz sporta,

ali je odlučila da će dati sve od sebe

but she decided she'd go for broke

and try for one last big payday in the marquee event,

i pokušati ostvariti posljednju veliku novčanu nagradu

na značajnom natjecanju,

the New York City Marathon.

njujorškom maratonu.

Except -- bad news for Derartu Tulu -- some other people had the same idea,

Međutim – loše vijesti za Derartu Tulu – i drugi su imali istu ideju,

uključujući osvajača zlatne medalje

including the Olympic gold medalist,

i Paulu Radcliffe, koja je čudovište,

and Paula Radcliffe, who is a monster,

daleko najbrža maratonka u povijesti.

the fastest woman marathoner in history by far.

Only 10 minutes off the men's world record,

S rezultatom koji samo 10 minuta zaostaje za muškim svjetskim rekordom,

Paula Radcliffe je, u principu, nepobjediva.

Paula Radcliffe is essentially unbeatable.

To je njezina konkurencija.

That's her competition.

Čuje se pucanj i Derartu nije čak ni autsajderica;

The gun goes off, and -- I mean, she's not even an underdog;

ona je manje od toga.

she's, like, under the underdogs.

But the under-underdog hangs tough,

Ali se autsajderica dobro drži.

I nakon 35 kilometara od 42 ukupno,

and 22 miles into a 26-mile race,

there is Derartu Tulu, up there with the lead pack.

Derartu Tulu se drži

u vodećoj skupini.

Now, this is when something really bizarre happens.

I tu se događa nešto doista bizarno.

Paula Radcliffe, the one person who is sure to snatch the big paycheck

Paula Radcliffe, jedina osoba koja može biti sigurna da će istrgnuti nagradu

iz autsajderskih ruku Derartu Tulu,

from Derartu Tulu's under-underdog hands,

iznenada se hvata za nogu i počinje zaostajati.

suddenly grabs her leg and starts to fall back.

So we all know what to do in this situation, right?

Svi znamo što učiniti u takvoj situaciji, zar ne?

Tresnete je laktom u zube

You give her a quick crack in the teeth with your elbow

i pohitate prema ciljnoj ravnini.

and blaze for the finish line.

Derartu Tulu ruins the script.

Dearartu Tulu je pokvarila scenarij.

Instead of taking off,

Umjesto da pojuri,

she falls back and she grabs Paula Radcliffe,

ona usporava, hvata Paulu Radcliffe,

and says, "Come on. Come with us. You can do it."

kaže, "Hajde. Hajde s nama. Možeš ti to."

So Paula Radcliffe, unfortunately, does it.

I Paula Radcliffe, nažalost, uspijeva.

Dostiže vodeću skupinu

She catches up with the lead pack

and is pushing toward the finish line.

i grabi prema ciljnoj ravnini.

But then she falls back again.

Ali tada opet zaostaje.

The second time, Derartu Tulu grabs her and tries to pull her.

Po drugi puta je Derartu Tulu hvata i pokušava povući.

A Paula Radcliffe u tom trenutku kaže,

And Paula Radcliffe, at that point, says, "I'm done. Go."

"Gotova sam. Idi."

So that's a fantastic story, and we all know how it ends.

To je fantastična priča i svi znamo kako završava.

She loses the check,

Ona gubi nagradu,

but she goes home with something bigger and more important.

ali se vraća kući s nečim većim i važnijim.

Except Derartu Tulu ruins the script again.

No Derartu Tulu opet kvari priču.

Instead of losing, she blazes past the lead pack and wins.

Umjesto da izgubi, ona hita pokraj vodeće skupine i pobjeđuje,

Wins the New York City Marathon,

osvaja njujorški maraton,

goes home with a big fat check.

i ide kući s pozamašnim čekom.

It's a heartwarming story,

Ovo je topla ljudska priča,

but if you drill a little bit deeper,

ali ako se malo više udubite u nju,

you've got to sort of wonder about what exactly was going on there.

morate se zapitati što se zapravo ondje događalo.

When you have two outliers in one organism,

Kad imate dva izuzetka u jednom organizmu,

to nije slučajno.

it's not a coincidence.

When you have someone who is more competitive and more compassionate

Kad imate nekoga tko je borbeniji i željniji

od svih drugih u utrci, to opet nije slučajno.

than anybody else in the race, again, it's not a coincidence.

Pokažite mi stvora s kožicama među prstima i škrgama,

You show me a creature with webbed feet and gills;

somehow water's involved.

i znam da on ima veze s vodom.

Someone with that kind of heart, there's some kind of connection there.

Kad netko ima takvo srce, tu mora postojati neka veza.

And the answer to it, I think, can be found

A odgovor na to, mislim,

može se naći u Bakrenim kanjonima Meksika,

down in the Copper Canyons of Mexico,

where there's a reclusive tribe, called the Tarahumara Indians.

gdje imate pleme, povučeno pleme,

po nazivu Tarahumara indijanci.

Now, the Tarahumara are remarkable for three things.

Tarahumare su posebni po tri stvari.

Prvo,

Number one is:

they have been living essentially unchanged for the past 400 years.

žive, u biti, na nepromijenjen način

već 400 godina.

When the conquistadors arrived in North America you had two choices:

Kad su konkvistadori stigli u sjevernu Ameriku postojale su dvije mogućnosti:

ili uzvratite borbom ili bježite.

you either fight back and engage or you could take off.

Maye i Asteci su se borili,

The Mayans and Aztecs engaged,

zbog čega danas ima vrlo malo Maya i Asteka.

which is why there are very few Mayans and Aztecs.

The Tarahumara had a different strategy.

Tarahumare su imale drugačiju strategiju.

They took off and hid

Oni su pobjegli i skrili se

in this labyrinthine, networking, spider-webbing system of canyons

u labirintskom, poput paukove

mreže sustavu kanjona

koji se zovu Bakreni kanjoni,

called the Copper Canyons.

And there they've remained since the 1600s,

i ondje su ostali od 1600-te --

živeći na suštinski jednak način kao i uvijek.

essentially the same way they've always been.

The second thing remarkable about the Tarahumara is:

Druga posebnost Tarahumara

deep into old age -- 70 to 80 years old --

je da, duboko u starost – u dobi od 70 do 80 godina --

these guys aren't running marathons;

ovi ljudi ne trče maratone,

they're running mega-marathons.

oni trče mega maratone.

They're not doing 26 miles,

Oni ne trče 42 kilometra,

they're doing 100, 150 miles at a time,

oni pretrče 160, 240 kilometara odjednom,

and apparently without injury, without problems.

i izgleda bez povreda, bez poteškoća.

The last thing that's remarkable about the Tarahumara is:

Posljednja stvar po kojoj su Tarahumare posebni

all the things we're going to be talking about today,

je da o svemu o čemu ćemo danas pričati,

o svemu što pokušavamo riješiti

all the things we're trying to use all of our technology

rabeći svu našu tehnologiju i umne sposobnosti --

and brain power to solve --

things like heart disease and cholesterol and cancer;

o stvarima poput srčanih bolesti i kolesterola i raka

i zločina i ratovanja i nasilja i kliničke depresije --

crime, warfare and violence; clinical depression -- all this stuff --

o svemu tome, Tarahumare ne razumiju ni riječi.

the Tarahumara don't know what you're talking about.

Oni ne poznaju

They are free from all of these modern ailments.

nijednu od tih modernih bolesti.

Pa gdje je tu veza?

So what's the connection?

Ponovno, govorimo o izuzetcima.

Again, we're talking about outliers;

Mora postojati nekakav uzrok i posljedica u ovome.

there's got to be some kind of cause and effect.

Timovi znanstvenika postoje

Well, there are teams of scientists at Harvard and the University of Utah

na Harvardu i sveučilištu Utah

koji napinju mozak pokušavajući otkriti

that are bending their brains and trying to figure out

ono što Tarahumare znaju oduvijek.

what the Tarahumara have known forever.

They're trying to solve those same kinds of mysteries.

Oni pokušavaju riješiti iste te tajne.

And once again, a mystery wrapped inside of a mystery --

I opet, misterij umotan u misterij --

perhaps the key to Derartu Tulu and the Tarahumara

možda je ključ za Derartu Tulu i Tarahumare

skriven u trima drugim misterijima, a one glase:

is wrapped in three other mysteries, which go like this:

Three things -- if you have the answer, come up and take the microphone,

Tri stvari – ako znate odgovor, dođite i uzmite mikrofon,

jer ga nitko drugi ne zna.

because nobody else knows the answer.

A ako ga znate, tada ste pametniji od bilo koje osobe na planetu Zemlji.

If you know it, you're smarter than anybody on planet Earth.

Tajna broj jedan je ova:

Mystery number one is this:

Prije dva milijuna godina, veličina ljudskog mozga je eksplodirala.

Two million years ago, the human brain exploded in size.

Australopitek je imao mozak majušan poput graška.

Australopithecus had a tiny little pea brain.

Iznenada se pojavljuju ljudi -- Homo erectus --

Suddenly humans show up, Homo erectus, big old melon head.

velika glava poput dinje.

To have a brain of that size,

Za mozak te veličine,

you need to have a source of condensed caloric energy.

treba vam izvor zgusnute kalorične energije.

In other words, early humans are eating dead animals --

Drugim riječima, rani ljudi jedu mrtve životinje --

nema rasprave, ovo je činjenica.

no argument, that's a fact.

Jedini problem je u tome,

The only problem is,

the first edged weapons only appeared about 200,000 years ago.

što su se prva oružja s oštricom pojavila prije nekih 200.000 godina.

Znači, nekako tijekom dva milijuna godina,

So somehow, for nearly two million years,

we are killing animals without any weapons.

ubijamo životinje bez oružja.

Now, we're not using our strength,

Ne koristimo se snagom

because we are the biggest sissies in the jungle.

jer smo najveći slabići u prašumi.

Every other animal is stronger than we are,

Svaka druga životinja je jača od nas.

they have fangs, they have claws, they have nimbleness, they have speed.

Imaju očnjake, imaju kandže, imaju gipkost, imaju brzinu.

Mislimo da je Usain Bolt brz. Usaina Bolta će isprašiti obična vjeverica.

We think Usain Bolt is fast.

Usain Bolt can get his ass kicked by a squirrel.

Nismo brzi.

We're not fast.

That would be an Olympic event:

To bi bio olimpijski događaj: pustiti vjevericu.

turn a squirrel loose, whoever catches it gets a gold medal.

Tko god ulovi vjevericu, dobije zlatnu medalju.

(Laughter)

Dakle, bez oružja, bez brzine, bez snage, bez očnjaka, bez kandži.

So no weapons, no speed, no strength, no fangs, no claws.

Kako smo ubijali te životinje? Tajna broj jedan.

How were we killing these animals? Mystery number one.

Mystery number two:

Tajna broj dva:

Women have been in the Olympics for quite some time now,

Žene sudjeluju na Olimpijadi već dugo vremena,

but one thing that's remarkable about all women sprinters:

ali jedno je zanimljivo kod svih sprinterica --

sve su loše, užasne su.

they all suck; they're terrible.

There's not a fast woman on the planet and there never has been.

Na planetu nema nijedne brze žene

i nikada je ni nije bilo.

The fastest woman to ever run a mile did it in 4:15.

Najbrže što je žena ikad istrčala milju je za 4.15.

I could throw a rock and hit a high-school boy

Mogu baciti kamen i pogoditi srednjoškolskog momka

who can run faster than 4:15.

koji će trčati brže od 4.15.

For some reason, you guys are just really slow.

Iz nekog razloga vi ste jednostavno zaista spore.

But --

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

But, you get to the marathon we were just talking about --

Ali dođite na maraton o kojem smo maločas govorili --

you've only been allowed to run the marathon for 20 years,

dopušteno vam je trčati maraton tek nekih 20 godina.

Jer, prije 1980-tih,

because prior to the 1980s, medical science said

medicina je tvrdila da ako žene pokušaju trčati 42 kilometra --

if a woman tried to run 26 miles -- does anyone know what would happen

zna li netko što bi se navodno dogodilo da ste pokušali trčati 42 kilometra,

if you tried to run 26 miles?

zašto vam se prije '80-tih branilo sudjelovati u maratonu?

Why you were banned from the marathon before the 1980s?

Audience Member: Her uterus would be torn.

(Iz publike: Maternica bi se oštetila.) Maternica bi se oštetila.

Christopher McDougall: Her uterus would be torn, yes.

Da. Pokidale biste svoje reproduktivne organe.

Torn reproductive organs.

Maternica bi ispala, doslovno ispala iz tijela.

The uterus would literally fall out of the body.

(Laughter)

No, bio sam na mnogim maratonima,

Now, I've been to a lot of marathons,

i to tek trebam doživjeti.

and I've yet to see any ...

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

Dakle, prošlo je tek 20 godina kako je ženama dopušteno trčati maraton.

So it's only been 20 years

that women have been allowed to run the marathon.

U tom vrlo kratkom razdoblju,

In that very short learning curve, you've gone from broken organs

napredovale ste od pokidanih organa

up to the fact that you're only 10 minutes off the male world record.

do samo 10 minuta zaostatka

za muškim svjetskim rekordom.

Then you go beyond 26 miles, into the distance

A ako idete i dalje od 42 kilometra,

na udaljenosti za koje nam je medicina također rekla da su fatalne za ljude --

that medical science also told us would be fatal to humans --

remember Pheidippides died when he ran 26 miles --

sjetite se da je Feidipid umro nakon pretrčana 42 kilometra --

odete na 80 ili 160 kilometara,

you get to 50 and 100 miles, and suddenly, it's a different game.

i odjednom je riječ o posve drugoj igri.

You take a runner like Ann Trason or Nikki Kimball or Jenn Shelton,

Uzmite trkačicu poput Ann Trason, ili Nikki Kimball, ili Jenn Shelton,

put them in a race of 50 or 100 miles against anybody in the world,

stavite je u utrku na 80 ili 160 kilometara protiv bilo koga na svijetu

i vjerojatnost tko će pobijediti je jednaka bacanju novčića.

and it's a coin toss who's going to win.

Dat ću vam primjer.

I'll give you an example.

A couple years ago, Emily Baer signed up for a race

Prije nekoliko godina, Emily Baer se prijavila za utrku

zvanu Hardrock 100 (Tvrdih 100),

called the Hardrock 100,

which tells you all you need to know about the race.

što vam sve govori o utrci što trebate znati.

They give you 48 hours to finish this race.

Imate 48 sati da završite utrku.

Well, Emily Baer -- 500 runners --

No, Emily Baer – 500 trkača --

she finishes in eighth place, in the top 10,

ona završava na osmom mjestu, u prvih 10,

even though she stopped at all the aid stations

premda je stala na svim odmorištima za pomoć

kako bi tijekom utrke dojila svoje dijete --

to breastfeed her baby during the race.

(Laughter)

i opet je pobijedila 492 druga suparnika.

And yet, she beat 492 other people.

Posljednja tajna: Zašto, dakle, žene postaju snažnije

The last mystery:

Why is it that women get stronger as distances get longer?

što su dionice duže?

Treća tajna je ova:

The third mystery is this:

At the University of Utah, they started tracking finishing times

Na sveučilištu Utah, počeli su pratiti završna vremena

maratonskih trkača.

for people running the marathon.

What they found is that if you start running the marathon at age 19,

I otkrili su da

ako počnete trčati maraton u dobi od 19 godina,

you'll get progressively faster, year by year,

bit ćete progresivno sve brži, godinu za godinom,

dok ne dosegnete svoj vrhunac u 27. godini.

until you reach your peak at age 27.

A nakon toga padate

And then after that, you succumb to the rigors of time.

pod zubom vremena.

Postajete sve sporiji i sporiji,

And you'll get slower and slower,

until eventually you're back to running the same speed you were at age 19.

dok na kraju ne budete trčali ista vremena koja ste trčali s 19 godina.

Dakle, imate sedam, osam godina da dosegnete svoj vrhunac,

So about seven, eight years to reach your peak,

a tada postupno padate,

and then gradually you fall off your peak,

dok se ne vratite na početak.

until you go back to the starting point.

You'd think it might take eight years to go back to the same speed,

Pomislili biste da je potrebno osam godina da se vratite na početnu brzinu,

možda 10 godina – ne, treba 45 godina.

maybe 10 years -- no, it's 45 years.

64-year-old men and women

60-godišnji muškarci i žene

are running as fast as they were at age 19.

trče jednako brzo kao u dobi od 19 godina.

Now, I defy you to come up with any other physical activity --

Izazivam vas da mi kažete ikoju drugu fizičku aktivnost --

and please don't say golf -- something that's actually hard --

i molim vas, nemojte reći golf – nešto što je naporno --

(Laughter)

u kojoj starci postižu učinak

where geriatrics are performing as well as they did as teenagers.

kakav su postizali kao adolescenti.

So you have these three mysteries.

I to su vam tri tajne.

Is there one piece in the puzzle which might wrap all these things up?

Postoji li neki djelić mozaika

koji bi mogao povezati sve te stvari?

Morate biti vrlo oprezni kad god netko

You've got to be careful anytime someone looks back in prehistory

pogleda natrag u prethistoriju i pokuša vam dati globalni odgovor,

and tries to give you a global answer because,

jer, budući da je riječ o prethistoriji,

it being prehistory, you can say whatever the hell you want

možete tvrditi što god hoćete i uspjeti u tome.

and get away with it.

Ali predlažem vam ovo:

But I'll submit this to you:

Ako u sredinu ove zagonetke stavite jedan djelić,

If you put one piece in the middle of this jigsaw puzzle,

iznenada sve poprima skladan izgled.

suddenly it all starts to form a coherent picture.

Ako se pitate zašto se Tarahumare ne bore

If you're wondering why the Tarahumara don't fight

i ne umiru od srčanih bolesti,

and don't die of heart disease,

zašto siromašna Etiopljanka Derartu Tulu

why a poor Ethiopian woman named Derartu Tulu

can be the most compassionate and yet the most competitive,

može biti najempatičnija, a opet najborbenija,

and why we somehow were able to find food without weapons,

i zašto smo nekako bili u stanju

pronaći hranu bez oružja,

perhaps it's because humans,

možda je to naprosto zato što su ljudi,

as much as we like to think of ourselves as masters of the universe,

koliko god mislili o sebi kao o gospodarima svemira,

actually evolved as nothing more than a pack of hunting dogs.

zapravo evoluirali kao ništa više

nego čopor lovačkih pasa.

Maybe we evolved as a hunting pack animal.

Možda smo evoluirali

kao životinja koja lovi u čoporu.

Because the one advantage we have in the wilderness --

Jer jedina prednost koju imamo u divljini --

ponavljam, to nisu očnjaci, niti kandže niti naša brzina --

again, it's not our fangs, our claws or our speed --

jedina stvar koju radimo jako, jako dobro je znojenje.

the only thing we do really well is sweat.

We're really good at being sweaty and smelly.

Jako smo dobri kad treba biti znojan i smrdljiv.

Better than any other mammal on Earth, we can sweat really well.

Bolje od ikojeg sisavca na Zemlji, znamo se dobro znojiti.

But the advantage of that little bit of social discomfort

Ali prednost

te male društvene neugode

is the fact that, when it comes to running under hot heat for long distances,

je činjenica da, kada govorimo o trčanju

na duge udaljenosti, po vrućini,

mi smo sjajni, mi smo najbolji na planetu.

we're superb -- the best on the planet.

You take a horse on a hot day,

Pogledajte konja u vrućem danu,

and after about five or six miles, that horse has a choice:

nakon 7,5 do deset kilometara, konj nema izbora.

Ili će disati ili će se hladiti,

it's either going to breathe or it's going to cool off.

But it ain't doing both. We can.

ali ne može činiti oboje – a mi možemo.

So what if we evolved as hunting pack animals?

Što, dakle, ako smo evoluirali kao lovci u čoporu?

What if the only natural advantage we had in the world

Što ako je jedina prirodna prednost koju imamo na svijetu

was the fact that we could get together as a group,

bila ta da smo se mogli okupiti zajedno,

izaći na afričku savanu, odabrati antilopu

go out there on that African savanna, pick out an antelope,

pojuriti u čoporu i trčati za njom dok ne padne?

go out as a pack, and run that thing to death?

To je sve što smo bili u stanju;

That's all we could do.

We could run really far on a hot day.

mogli smo trčati zaista daleko za vrućih dana.

Well, if that's true, a couple other things had to be true as well.

Ako je to točno, tada i neke druge stvari moraju biti točne.

The key to being part of a hunting pack is the word "pack."

Za člana lovačkog čopora, ključna je riječ „čopor“.

If you go out by yourself and try to chase an antelope,

Ako krenete sami i pokušate loviti antilopu,

garantiram vam da će se na savani naći dva trupla.

I guarantee there will be two cadavers out in the savanna.

Treba vam čopor da biste izdržali.

You need a pack to pull together.

Trebaju vam ljudi od 64, 65 godina

You need to have those 64- and 65-year-olds

koji to čine već dugo vremena

who have been doing this for a long time

kako biste znali koju antilopu zapravo trebate pokušati uloviti.

to understand which antelope you're trying to catch.

Krdo se rasprši, a kasnije se opet okupi.

The herd explodes and it gathers back again.

Those expert trackers have to be part of the pack.

Dio čopora moraju biti stručnjaci za praćenje tragova.

Ne smiju biti 16 kilometara iza.

They can't be 10 miles behind.

You need the women and the adolescents there,

Trebaju vam ondje i žene i adolescenti

because the two times in your life you most benefit from animal protein

jer su dva razdoblja u životu kad vam najviše trebaju životinjske bjelančevine

a to su kad ste majka koja doji dijete i kad ste adolescent u razvoju.

is when you're a nursing mother and a developing adolescent.

Nema smisla imati mrtvu antilopu ovdje,

It makes no sense to have the antelope over there, dead,

a ljude koji je trebaju jesti 80 kilometara daleko.

and the people who want to eat it 50 miles away.

Moraju biti dio čopora.

They need to be part of the pack.

Trebaju vam oni 27-godišnjaci u naponu snage

You need those 27-year-old studs at the peak of their powers

spremni da obore plijen,

ready to drop the kill,

i trebate adolescente

and you need those teenagers who are learning the whole thing involved.

koji uče što sve lov uključuje.

Čopor mora ostati na okupu.

The pack stays together.

Another thing that has to be true: this pack cannot be materialistic.

Još jedna stvar mora biti točna za ovakav čopor: čopor ne može biti doista materijalistički.

You can't be hauling all your crap around, trying to chase the antelope.

Ne možete vući sav svoj brlog sa sobom i pokušati uloviti antilopu.

Ne možete biti čopor čangrizavih. Ne možete biti zlopamtila.

You can't be a pissed-off pack.

You can't be bearing grudges, like, "I'm not chasing that guy's antelope.

Kao, „Neću loviti antilopu tog tipa.

Naživcirao me. Neka sam lovi svoju antilopu."

He pissed me off. Let him go chase his own antelope."

U čoporu se mora moći pregristi svoj ego,

The pack has got to be able to swallow its ego,

biti kooperativan i vući jedni druge.

be cooperative, and pull together.

I ono što dobijete, drugim riječima,

What you end up with, in other words,

is a culture remarkably similar to the Tarahumara,

je kultura izuzetno slična

Tarahumarama --

a tribe that has remained unchanged since the Stone Age.

plemenu koje je ostalo nepromijenjeno

od kamenog doba.

It's a really compelling argument

Zaista je snažan argument

that maybe the Tarahumara are doing exactly what all of us had done

da možda Tarahumare čine

točno ono što smo svi činili tijekom dva milijuna godina.

for two million years,

that it's us in modern times who have sort of gone off the path.

Da smo tek u moderno doba na neki način skrenuli s puta.

You know, we look at running as this kind of alien, foreign thing,

Znate, gledamo na trčanje kao na nekakvu tuđu, stranu stvar,

this punishment you've got to do because you ate pizza the night before.

kaznu koju moramo podnijeti jer smo večer prije jeli pizzu.

Ali možda je trčanje nešto drugo.

But maybe it's something different.

Možda smo mi ti koji su uzeli prirodnu prednost koju smo imali

Maybe we're the ones who have taken this natural advantage we had

i upropastili je.

and we spoiled it.

Kako smo je upropastili? No, pa kako bilo što upropastimo?

How do we spoil it? Well, how do we spoil anything?

We try to cash in on it. Right?

Pokušamo na njoj zaraditi.

We try to can it and package it and make it "better"

Pokušamo je konzervirati, zapakirati i učiniti boljom

i prodati je ljudima.

and then sell it to people.

And then what happened was, we started creating

I dogodilo se da smo počeli proizvoditi

these fancy cushioned things which can make running "better,"

te lijepe podstavljene stvarčice,

s kojima se bolje trči, a zovemo ih tenisicama.

called running shoes.

The reason I get personally pissed-off about running shoes

Ja sam osobno ljutit na tenisice

is because I bought a million of them and I kept getting hurt.

jer sam ih kupio milijun i svejedno se ozljeđivao.

And I think if anybody in here runs --

I mislim da, ako itko ovdje trči --

I just had a conversation with Carol.

i malo prije sam razgovarao s Carol;

We talked for two minutes backstage, and she talked about plantar fasciitis.

pričali smo iza bine neke dvije minute i ona mi priča o platar fasciitis.

Kada pričate s trkačem, garantiram vam, u roku od 30 sekundi,

You talk to a runner, I guarantee within 30 seconds,

the conversation turns to injury.

razgovor prelazi na ozljede.

So if humans evolved as runners, if that's our one natural advantage,

Pa ako su ljudi evoluirali kao trkači, ako je to naša prirodna prednost,

then why are we so bad at it?

zašto smo onda tako loši u tome? Zašto se ozljeđujemo?

Why do we keep getting hurt?

A curious thing about running and running injuries

Zanimljivo je kod trčanja i ozljeda povezanih s trčanjem

to da su plod našeg vremena.

is that the running injury is new to our time.

If you read folklore and mythology,

Ako čitate narodnu predaju i mitologiju,

any kind of myths, any kind of tall tales,

bilo kakve mitove, bilo kakve priče,

running is always associated with freedom and vitality

trčanje je uvijek povezano

sa slobodom, vitalnošću, mladošću i vječnom žustrinom.

and youthfulness and eternal vigor.

Samo se u naše doba trčanje povezuje

It's only in our lifetime that running has become associated

sa strahom i bolom.

with fear and pain.

Geronimo je govorio:

Geronimo used to say, "My only friends are my legs. I only trust my legs."

"Moji jedini prijatelji su moje noge. Samo nogama vjerujem."

That's because an Apache triathlon used to be you'd run 50 miles

Zato što je triatlon Apača bio

da trčite 80 kilometara kroz pustinju,

across the desert,

uključite se u blisku borbu, ukradete krdo konja

engage in hand-to-hand combat, steal a bunch of horses,

i žurite kući.

and slap leather for home.

Geronimo nikad nije govorio, „A, znate što,

Geronimo was never saying, "You know something, my Achilles -- I'm tapering.

moja peta – boli me. Trebam tjedan dana dopusta,"

I've got to take this week off."

ili „Trebam unakrsni trening.

Or, "I need to cross-train. I didn't do yoga. I'm not ready."

Nisam radio yogu. Nisam spreman."

(Laughter)

Ljudi su trčali i trčali cijelo vrijeme.

Humans ran and ran all the time.

We are here today. We have our digital technology.

Danas smo ovdje. Imamo svoju digitalnu tehnologiju.

Sva naša znanost proistječe iz činjenice

All of our science comes from the fact

da su nam preci bili sposobni

that our ancestors were able to do something extraordinary every day,

uraditi nešto izuzetno svakoga dana,

a to je osloniti se na svoja bosa stopala i noge

which was just rely on their naked feet and legs

i pretrčavati velike udaljenosti.

to run long distances.

Pa kako da se opet vratimo tome?

So how do we get back to that again?

Well, I would submit to you the first thing is:

Predložio bih da je prvo što moramo učiniti,

riješiti se ambalaže, sve prodaje, svog marketinga.

get rid of all packaging, all the sales, all the marketing.

Get rid of all the stinking running shoes.

Riješiti se svih smrdljivih tenisica.

Prestanimo se fokusirati na gradske maratone,

Stop focusing on urban marathons,

na kojima, ako postižete četiri sata, loši ste.

which, if you do four hours, you suck,

and if you do 3:59:59, you're awesome,

A ako postižete 3.59.59 tada ste fenomenalni

because you qualified for another race.

jer ste se kvalificirali za sljedeću utrku.

Moramo povratiti onaj osjećaj zaigranosti i užitka

We need to get back to that sense of playfulness and joyfulness

i, rekao bih, golotinje

and, I would say, nakedness,

koja je od Tarahumara načinila

that has made the Tarahumara

jednu od najzdravijih i najspokojnijih kultura našeg doba.

one of the healthiest and serene cultures in our time.

Koja korist od toga? Pa što?

So what's the benefit? So what?

Kako biste potrošili sladoled Haagen-Dazs od prethodne večeri?

So you burn off the Häagen-Dazs from the night before.

But maybe there's another benefit there as well.

Ali možda postoji još jedna korist.

Without getting too extreme about this,

Nećemo zaći previše ekstremno u ovo,

imagine a world where everybody could go out the door

no zamislite svijet

u kojem bi svatko mogao izaći na vrata

i upražnjavati rekreaciju

and engage in the kind of exercise

koja bi ga učinila opuštenijim, spokojnijim,

that's going to make them more relaxed, more serene,

zdravijim,

more healthy,

burn off stress --

koja bi sagorjela stres --

where you don't come back into your office a raging maniac anymore,

pa se ne vraćate u ured više kao pomahnitali manijak,

pa se ne vraćate kući s puno stresa na plećima.

or go home with a lot of stress on top of you again.

Možda postoji i sredina između onoga što smo danas

Maybe there's something between what we are today

and what the Tarahumara have always been.

i onoga što su Tarahumare oduvijek bile.

I don't say let's go back to the Copper Canyons

Ne kažem da se vratimo u Bakrene kanjone

and live on corn and maize, which is the Tarahumara's preferred diet,

i živimo od običnog i indijanskog kukuruza,

ali možda postoji nešto između.

but maybe there's somewhere in between.

I ako to pronađemo,

And if we find that thing,

maybe there is a big fat Nobel Prize out there.

možda negdje čeka i velika, debela Nobelova nagrada.

Because if somebody could find a way to restore that natural ability

Jer kad bi netko mogao pronaći način

da povratimo tu prirodnu prednost

that we all enjoyed for most of our existence

koju smo imali tijekom većeg dijela našeg postojanja,

up until the 1970s or so,

koju smo svi imali do 1970-tih ili tako nešto,

the benefits -- social and physical and political and mental --

koristi, društvene i fizičke,

političke i mentalne,

could be astounding.

mogle bi biti zapanjujuće.

What I've been seeing today is there is a growing subculture

Ono što danas vidim je rastuća supkultura

bosonogih trkača, ljudi koji odbacuju tenisice.

of barefoot runners, people who've gotten rid of their shoes.

And what they have found uniformly is,

I ono što svi jednako otkrivaju je da

you get rid of the shoes, you get rid of the stress,

kada se riješite tenisica, riješili ste se stresa,

you get rid of the injuries and the ailments.

riješili ste se ozljeda i bolova.

And what you find is something the Tarahumara have known

I ono što otkrijete je nešto

što Tarahumare znaju već dugo vremena,

for a very long time:

that this can be a whole lot of fun.

da to može biti jako zabavno.

I've experienced it personally myself.

Osobno sam to doživio.

I was injured all my life; then in my early 40s, I got rid of my shoes

Bio sam ozlijeđen čitav život, a tada sam, u ranim 40-tim odbacio tenisice

and my running ailments have gone away, too.

pa su i moji bolovi nestali.

Možemo se nadati da je to nešto od čega ćemo svi imati koristi.

So hopefully it's something we can all benefit from.

I cijenim to što ste poslušali moju priču. Hvala Vam puno.

I appreciate your listening to this story.

Thanks very much.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)