Marcel Dicke: Why not eat insects?

188,835 views ใƒป 2010-12-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Adi Marom ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
Okay, I'm going to show you
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื,
00:18
again something about our diets.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
00:21
And I would like to know what the audience is,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ.
00:24
and so who of you ever ate insects?
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ืื– ืžื™ ืžื›ื ืื›ืœ ืื™ ืคืขื ื—ืจืงื™ื?
00:29
That's quite a lot.
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื.
00:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:33
But still, you're not representing
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืชื ืœื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช
00:35
the overall population of the Earth.
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ื›ืœืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:37
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:39
Because there's 80 percent out there that really eats insects.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉ-80 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืจืงื™ื.
00:42
But this is quite good.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
00:45
Why not eat insects? Well first, what are insects?
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ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ื ืื›ืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื? ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืžื”ื ื—ืจืงื™ื?
00:48
Insects are animals that walk around on six legs.
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ื—ืจืงื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืฉ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื.
00:51
And here you see just a selection.
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ื•ืคื” ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื“ื’ื ืงื˜ืŸ.
00:53
There's six million species of insects on this planet,
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ื™ืฉื ื 6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
00:56
six million species.
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6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื.
00:58
There's a few hundreds of mammals --
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื
01:00
six million species of insects.
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ื•6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื.
01:03
In fact, if we count all the individual organisms,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื ืกืคื•ืจ ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื,
01:06
we would come at much larger numbers.
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ื ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
01:09
In fact, of all animals on Earth,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
01:12
of all animal species,
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ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
01:14
80 percent walks on six legs.
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80 ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขืœ 6 ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื.
01:16
But if we would count all the individuals,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื,
01:19
and we take an average weight of them,
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ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœื”ื,
01:21
it would amount to something like 200 to 2,000 kilograms
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ื ืงื‘ืœ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• 200 ืขื“ 2,000 ืง"ื’.
01:24
for each of you and me on Earth.
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ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
01:27
That means that in terms of biomass,
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืžืกื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
01:29
insects are more abundant than we are,
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ืฉื—ืจืงื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื.
01:32
and we're not on a planet of men,
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ื•ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
01:34
but we're on a planet of insects.
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ืืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื.
01:37
Insects are not only there in nature,
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ื—ืจืงื™ื ืœื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข,
01:39
but they also are involved in our economy,
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ื”ื ื’ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•,
01:41
usually without us knowing.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ื ื“ืข.
01:43
There was an estimation,
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ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื”ืขืจื›ื”,
01:45
a conservative estimation, a couple of years ago
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืžืจื ื™ืช,
01:47
that the U.S. economy
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ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื”, ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช
01:49
benefited by 57 billion
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ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” 57 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
01:52
dollars per year.
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ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
01:54
It's a number -- very large --
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ื–ื”ื• ืกื›ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
01:57
a contribution to the economy of the United States for free.
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ืฉื ืชืจื ืœื›ืœื›ืœืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.
02:00
And so I looked up what the economy was paying
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ืื– ื‘ื“ืงืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืขืœืชื” ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช
02:03
for the war in Iraq
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ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ืจืืง
02:05
in the same year.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”.
02:07
It was 80 billion U.S. dollars.
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ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื” 80 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
02:09
Well we know that that
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ืืช
02:11
was not a cheap war.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื•ืœื”.
02:13
So insects, just for free,
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ืื– ื—ืจืงื™ื, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื,
02:15
contribute to the economy of the United States
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ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื›ืœื›ืœืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
02:17
with about the same order of magnitude,
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ
02:20
just for free, without everyone knowing.
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ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื™ื“ืข.
02:22
And not only in the States,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
02:24
but in any country, in any economy.
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ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื”.
02:26
What do they do?
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ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
02:28
They remove dung, they pollinate our crops.
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ื”ื ืžืกืœืงื™ื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื, ื”ื ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
02:30
A third of all the fruits that we eat
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ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื
02:32
are all a result
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ื”ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ
02:34
of insects taking care of the reproduction of plants.
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ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื.
02:37
They control pests,
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ื”ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœื‘ืงืจืช ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื.
02:39
and they're food for animals.
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ื”ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:41
They're at the start of food chains.
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ื”ื ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
02:43
Small animals eat insects.
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืจืงื™ื.
02:45
Even larger animals eat insects.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืจืงื™ื.
02:47
But the small animals that eat insects
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืจืงื™ื
02:49
are being eaten by larger animals,
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ื ืื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:51
still larger animals.
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ื•ืืœื• ื ืื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœืื”,
02:53
And at the end of the food chain, we are eating them as well.
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื.
02:57
There's quite a lot of people that are eating insects.
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ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืจืงื™ื.
02:59
And here you see me
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”
03:01
in a small, provincial town in China, Lijiang --
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ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ืœื™ื’'ื™ืื ื’
03:03
about two million inhabitants.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• 2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
03:05
If you go out for dinner, like in a fish restaurant,
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ืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘, ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžืกืขื“ืช ื“ื’ื™ื,
03:08
where you can select which fish you want to eat,
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ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื’ ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ,
03:11
you can select which insects you would like to eat.
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ื›ืืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื™ืœื• ื—ืจืงื™ื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ.
03:13
And they prepare it in a wonderful way.
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ื•ื”ื ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื ืคืœื.
03:15
And here you see me enjoying a meal
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ืคื” ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืืจื•ื—ื”
03:17
with caterpillars, locusts,
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ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื–ื—ืœื™ื, ืืจื‘ื”,
03:20
bee pupae -- delicacies.
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ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.. ืžืขื“ื ื™ื.
03:23
And you can eat something new everyday.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ.
03:26
There's more than 1,000 species of insects
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ื™ืฉื ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœืฃ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื
03:29
that are being eaten all around the globe.
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ืฉื ืื›ืœื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
03:32
That's quite a bit more
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:34
than just a few mammals that we're eating,
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ืžืžืขื˜ ื”ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื,
03:36
like a cow or a pig
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ื›ืžื• ืคืจื” ืื• ื—ื–ื™ืจ
03:38
or a sheep.
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ืื• ื›ื‘ืฉื”.
03:40
More than 1,000 species --
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ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœืฃ ืžื™ื ื™ื
03:42
an enormous variety.
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ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื.
03:45
And now you may think, okay,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ืกื“ืจ,
03:47
in this provincial town in China they're doing that, but not us.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืื ื—ื ื•.
03:50
Well we've seen already that quite some of you
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื—ืœืงื›ื
03:52
already ate insects maybe occasionally,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื.
03:55
but I can tell you that every one of you
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื
03:57
is eating insects, without any exception.
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ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืจืงื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ.
04:00
You're eating at least
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ืืชื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช
04:02
500 grams per year.
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500 ื’ืจื ื—ืจืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”.
04:04
What are you eating?
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ืžื” ืืชื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื?
04:06
Tomato soup, peanut butter,
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ืžืจืง ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ื—ืžืืช ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื,
04:08
chocolate, noodles --
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ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช
04:10
any processed food that you're eating
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืืชื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื
04:12
contains insects,
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ืžื›ื™ืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื,
04:14
because insects are here all around us,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืจืงื™ื ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•,
04:17
and when they're out there in nature
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข
04:19
they're also in our crops.
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ื”ื ื’ื ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
04:21
Some fruits get some insect damage.
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื• ื ื–ืง ืžื—ืจืงื™ื.
04:24
Those are the fruits, if they're tomato,
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ืืœื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช
04:26
that go to the tomato soup.
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ืฉื™ืฉืžืฉื• ืœืžืจืง ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช.
04:28
If they don't have any damage, they go to the grocery.
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ืื ื”ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ื–ื•ืงื•, ื”ืŸ ื™ืœื›ื• ืœืžื›ื•ืœืช.
04:31
And that's your view of a tomato.
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ื•ื–ืืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœื›ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื”ื™ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื”.
04:34
But there's tomatoes that end up in a soup,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืจืง.
04:37
and as long as they meet
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ื•ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืŸ ืขืžื“ื•
04:39
the requirements of the food agency,
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ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
04:42
there can be all kinds of things in there,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
04:44
no problem.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื”.
04:46
In fact, why would we put these balls in the soup,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืจืง ?
04:49
there's meat in there anyway?
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ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ..
04:51
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:55
In fact, all our processed foods
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื•ื‘ื“
04:57
contain more proteins
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ืžื›ื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื
04:59
than we would be aware of.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื.
05:03
So anything is a good protein source already.
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ืื– ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื›ืœ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื.
05:06
Now you may say,
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
05:08
"Okay, so we're eating 500 grams just by accident."
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"ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื 500 ื’ืจื ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช"
05:11
We're even doing this on purpose.
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”
05:13
In a lot of food items that we have --
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ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
05:15
I have only two items
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจืง ืฉืชื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช
05:17
here on the slide --
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ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช
05:19
pink cookies or surimi sticks
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ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืžืงืœื•ืช ืกื•ืจื™ืžื™
05:21
or, if you like, Campari --
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ืื•, ืื ืชืจืฆื•, ืงืืžืคืจื™.
05:23
a lot of our food products that are of a red color
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
05:26
are dyed with a natural dye.
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ื ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื.
05:29
The surimi sticks
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ืžืงืœื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืจื™ืžื™
05:31
[of] crabmeat, or is being sold as crab meat,
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ื”ื ืžื›ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ืฉืจ ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื
05:33
is white fish
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื“ื’ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื
05:35
that's being dyed with cochineal.
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ืฉื ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืฆ'ื ื™ืœ (ืฆื‘ืข ืื“ื•ื)
05:37
Cochineal is a product
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ืงื•ืฆ'ื ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืจ
05:39
of an insect that lives off these cacti.
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ืฉืœ ื—ืจืง ืฉื ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืงืงื˜ื•ืก.
05:42
It's being produced in large amounts,
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ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช,
05:45
150 to 180 metric tons per year
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150 ืขื“ 180 ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื”,
05:48
in the Canary Islands in Peru,
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ื‘ืื™ื™ื ื”ืงื ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•,
05:51
and it's big business.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขืกืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
05:53
One gram of cochineal
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ื’ืจื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืฆ'ื ื™ืœ
05:56
costs about 30 euros.
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ืขื•ืœื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• 30 ื™ื•ืจื•.
05:58
One gram of gold
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ื’ืจื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื‘
06:01
is 30 euros.
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ืขื•ืœื” 30 ื™ื•ืจื•.
06:04
So it's a very precious thing
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ืื– ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ื™ืงืจ ืžืื“
06:07
that we're using to dye our foods.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
06:10
Now the situation in the world is going to change
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช,
06:13
for you and me, for everyone on this Earth.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
06:15
The human population is growing very rapidly
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ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
06:18
and is growing exponentially.
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ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืกื™.
06:20
Where, at the moment, we have
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
06:22
something between six and seven billion people,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ 6 ืœ7 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื,
06:24
it will grow to about nine billion
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ื•ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืœ9 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ืขืจืš
06:26
in 2050.
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2050.
06:29
That means that we have a lot more mouths to feed,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ.
06:32
and this is something that worries more and more people.
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ื–ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื“ืื™ื’ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:35
There was an FAO conference last October
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ื”ื™ื” ื›ื ืก ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
06:37
that was completely devoted to this.
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ืฉื”ื•ืงื“ืฉ ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
06:39
How are we going to feed this world?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ?
06:41
And if you look at the figures up there,
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ื•ืื ืชืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื,
06:43
it says that we have a third more mouths to feed,
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ืชืจืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ.
06:46
but we need an agricultural production increase
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช
06:48
of 70 percent.
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ื‘70 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
06:50
And that's especially because this world population
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ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื™ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
06:52
is increasing,
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื’ื“ื™ืœื”.
06:54
and it's increasing, not only in numbers,
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ื•ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื”, ืœื ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ืจืง ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื
06:57
but we're also getting wealthier,
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ืืœื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืขืฉืจื™ื,
07:00
and anyone that gets wealthier starts to eat more
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชืขืฉืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:03
and also starts to eat more meat.
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืจ.
07:06
And meat, in fact, is something
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ื•ื‘ืฉืจ, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆืจ
07:08
that costs a lot
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ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ
07:10
of our agricultural production.
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ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
07:12
Our diet consists, [in] some part, of animal proteins,
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ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื™,
07:15
and at the moment, most of us here
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ื•ื›ืจื’ืข, ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ื›ืืŸ
07:17
get it from livestock,
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื‘ืงืจ,
07:19
from fish, from game.
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ืžื“ื’ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืฉืจ ืฆื™ื“.
07:21
And we eat quite a lot of it.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื™.
07:23
In the developed world it's on average
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™, ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข
07:26
80 kilograms per person per year,
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ื”ื•ื 80 ืง"ื’ ืœืื“ื ื‘ืฉื ื”,
07:29
which goes up to 120
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื’ื ืœ120 ืง"ื’
07:31
in the United States
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
07:33
and a bit lower in some other countries,
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ื•ืžืขื˜ ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
07:35
but on average 80 kilograms
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื•ื 80 ืง"ื’
07:37
per person per year.
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ืœืื“ื ื‘ืฉื ื”.
07:39
In the developing world it's much lower.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
07:42
It's 25 kilograms per person per year.
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ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื•ื 25 ืง"ื’ ืœืื“ื ื‘ืฉื ื”.
07:44
But it's increasing enormously.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“.
07:46
In China in the last 20 years,
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ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
07:48
it increased from 20 to 50,
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ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื’ื“ืœ ืž20 ืœ50 ืง"ื’,
07:51
and it's still increasing.
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ื•ื ืžืฆื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ืขืœื™ื™ื”.
07:54
So if a third of the world population
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ืื– ืื ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
07:57
is going to increase its meat consumption
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ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ
08:00
from 25 to 80 on average,
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ืž25 ืœ80 ืง"ื’ ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
08:03
and a third of the world population
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
08:05
is living in China and in India,
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ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
08:07
we're having an enormous demand on meat.
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ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื“ื™ืจื” ืœื‘ืฉืจ.
08:11
And of course, we are not there to say
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
08:13
that's only for us, it's not for them.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•, ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.
08:16
They have the same share that we have.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื—ืœืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•.
08:18
Now to start with, I should say
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ
08:20
that we are eating way too much meat
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืฉืจ
08:22
in the Western world.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™.
08:24
We could do with much, much less --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช
08:26
and I know, I've been a vegetarian for a long time,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.
08:29
and you can easily do without anything.
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ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ืœืœื ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
08:31
You'll get proteins in any kind of food anyway.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
08:34
But then there's a lot of problems
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
08:36
that come with meat production,
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ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืจ,
08:38
and we're being faced with that more and more often.
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ื•ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:41
The first problem that we're facing is human health.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ืช.
08:44
Pigs are quite like us.
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ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ื•.
08:46
They're even models in medicine,
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ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื“ืœ ื‘ืจืคื•ืื”.
08:49
and we can even transplant organs from a pig to a human.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉืชื™ืœื™ื ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
08:52
That means that pigs also share diseases with us.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืขื ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื.
08:55
And a pig disease,
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ื•ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื™ืจ,
08:57
a pig virus, and a human virus
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ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื
08:59
can both proliferate,
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ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
09:01
and because of their kind of reproduction,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืกื•ื’ ื”ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
09:03
they can combine and produce a new virus.
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื—ื“ืฉ.
09:05
This has happened in the Netherlands in the 1990s
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ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”90
09:08
during the classical swine fever outbreak.
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ื‘ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื.
09:11
You get a new disease that can be deadly.
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ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืžื—ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืขื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืงื˜ืœื ื™.
09:15
We eat insects -- they're so distantly related from us
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืจืงื™ื - ื”ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ื•,
09:18
that this doesn't happen.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ืงื•ืจื”
09:20
So that's one point for insects.
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ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื.
09:23
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:25
And there's the conversion factor.
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื’ื ื’ื•ืจื ื”ื”ืžืจื”.
09:28
You take 10 kilograms of feed,
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ 10 ืง"ื’ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฆืžื—ื™,
09:30
you can get one kilogram of beef,
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ื ืงื‘ืœ ืง"ื’ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจ,
09:33
but you can get nine kilograms of locust meat.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ 9 ืง"ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืืจื‘ื”.
09:35
So if you would be an entrepreneur,
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ืื– ื›ื™ื–ืžื™ื -
09:37
what would you do?
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ืžื” ืชืขืฉื•?
09:39
With 10 kilograms of input,
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ืขืœ 10 ืง"ื’ ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ืžื”
09:41
you can get either one or nine kg. of output.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืง"ื’ ืื—ื“ ืื• ืชืฉืขื” ืง"ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืจืช.
09:44
So far we're taking
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ืขื“ ื›ื” ื‘ื—ืจื ื•
09:46
the one, or up to five kilograms of output.
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ื‘ืง"ื’ ืื—ื“, ืื• ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืฉืœ 5 ืง"ื’ ืชื•ืฆืจืช.
09:49
We're not taking the bonus yet.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก.
09:51
We're not taking the nine kilograms of output yet.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ืง"ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืจ.
09:54
So that's two points for insects.
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ืื– ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื - ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื.
09:56
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:58
And there's the environment.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™.
10:00
If we take 10 kilograms of food --
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ืื ื ื™ืงื— 10 ืง"ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
10:02
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:04
and it results in one kilogram of beef,
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ื•ื ืงื‘ืœ ืง"ื’ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจ,
10:07
the other nine kilograms are waste,
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ืชืฉืขื” ื”ืง"ื’ ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื ืคืกื•ืœืช,
10:09
and a lot of that is manure.
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ืฉืจื•ื‘ื” ืฆื•ืื”.
10:12
If you produce insects, you have less manure
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ืื ื ื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืจืงื™ื, ืชื”ื™ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืฆื•ืื”
10:14
per kilogram of meat that you produce.
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืง"ื’ ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื™ืฆืจ.
10:17
So less waste.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืคื—ื•ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช.
10:19
Furthermore, per kilogram of manure,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืง"ื’ ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืื”
10:22
you have much, much less ammonia
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ื ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื”
10:25
and fewer greenhouse gases
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ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื”
10:27
when you have insect manure
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฆื•ืืช ื—ืจืงื™ื
10:29
than when you have cow manure.
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ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืฆื•ืืช ืคืจื•ืช.
10:31
So you have less waste,
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช,
10:33
and the waste that you have is not as environmental malign
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ื•ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช, ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ืงื” ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
10:36
as it is with cow dung.
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ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื’ืœืœื™ ืคืจื•ืช.
10:38
So that's three points for insects.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื—ืจืงื™ื.
10:40
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:43
Now there's a big "if," of course,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
10:45
and it is if insects produce meat
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื
10:48
that is of good quality.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
10:50
Well there have been all kinds of analyses
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
10:52
and in terms of protein, or fat, or vitamins,
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ื•ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื
10:55
it's very good.
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ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื“.
10:57
In fact, it's comparable
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื”
10:59
to anything we eat as meat at the moment.
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ืœื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
11:01
And even in terms of calories, it is very good.
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ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื“.
11:03
One kilogram of grasshoppers
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ืœืง"ื’ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื’ื‘ื™ื
11:05
has the same amount of calories
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ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช
11:07
as 10 hot dogs, or six Big Macs.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘-10 ื ืงื ื™ืงื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจื™ื.
11:09
So that's four points for insects.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื.
11:11
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:14
I can go on,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš,
11:16
and I could make many more points for insects,
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ื•ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื,
11:18
but time doesn't allow this.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจ.
11:20
So the question is, why not eat insects?
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื, ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ื ืื›ืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื ?
11:22
I gave you at least four arguments in favor.
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ื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืขื” ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื“.
11:24
We'll have to.
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ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืจื”.
11:26
Even if you don't like it,
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ื’ื ืื ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื,
11:28
you'll have to get used to this
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ืชืืœืฆื• ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœื–ื”.
11:30
because at the moment,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืจื’ืข,
11:32
70 percent of all our agricultural land
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70 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
11:34
is being used to produce livestock.
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ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืงืจ.
11:36
That's not only the land
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื
11:38
where the livestock is walking and feeding,
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื‘ืงืจ ื’ื“ืœ ื•ืื•ื›ืœ,
11:40
but it's also other areas
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ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื
11:42
where the feed is being produced and being transported.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืงืจ.
11:45
We can increase it a bit
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžืขื˜
11:47
at the expense of rainforests,
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ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื,
11:49
but there's a limitation very soon.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ื ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ.
11:51
And if you remember that we need to increase
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ื•ืื ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื, ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช
11:53
agricultural production by 70 percent,
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื‘-70 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื -
11:55
we're not going to make it that way.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื•.
11:57
We could much better change
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ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ
11:59
from meat, from beef,
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ืžื‘ืฉืจ, ืžื‘ืงืจ
12:02
to insects.
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ืœื—ืจืงื™ื.
12:04
And then 80 percent of the world
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ื•ื”ืจื™ 80 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ืœื
12:07
already eats insects,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืจืงื™ื.
12:09
so we are just a minority --
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ -
12:11
in a country like the U.K., the USA,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
12:14
the Netherlands, anywhere.
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ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
12:17
On the left-hand side, you see a market in Laos
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ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื•ืง ื‘ืœืื•ืก
12:19
where they have abundantly present
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ืฉื‘ื• ื ืžื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืข
12:21
all kinds of insects that you choose for dinner for the night.
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ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ืฉืชืจืฆื• ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘.
12:26
On the right-hand side you see a grasshopper.
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื—ื’ื‘.
12:28
So people there are eating them,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื,
12:31
not because they're hungry,
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ืœื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืจืขื‘ื™ื,
12:33
but because they think it's a delicacy.
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ืืœื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืขื“ืŸ.
12:35
It's just very good food.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืื“ ื˜ื•ื‘.
12:37
You can vary enormously.
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ืงื™ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
12:39
It has many benefits.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.
12:41
In fact, we have delicacy
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขื“ืŸ
12:43
that's very much like this grasshopper:
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ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื“ ืœื—ื’ื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
12:45
shrimps, a delicacy
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ืฉืจื™ืžืคืก ื–ื” ืžืขื“ืŸ
12:48
being sold at a high price.
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ื”ื ืžื›ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื“.
12:50
Who wouldn't like to eat a shrimp?
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ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืื›ื™ืœืช ืฉืจื™ืžืคืก ?
12:52
There are a few people who don't like shrimp,
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ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืจื™ืžืคืก.
12:54
but shrimp, or crabs,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืจื™ืžืคืก, ืื• ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื
12:56
or crayfish,
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ืื• ืœื ื’ื•ืกื˜ื™ืŸ
12:58
are very closely related.
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ืžืื“ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
13:00
They are delicacies.
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ื”ื ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื ืžืื“.
13:02
In fact, a locust is a "shrimp" of the land,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืืจื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืจื™ืžืคืก ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื”,
13:05
and it would make very good into our diet.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
13:08
So why are we not eating insects yet?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืจืงื™ื ?
13:10
Well that's just a matter of mindset.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืกืช ืขื•ืœื.
13:12
We're not used to it,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”,
13:14
and we see insects as these organisms that are very different from us.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืžืื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
13:17
That's why we're changing the perception of insects.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ื—ืจืงื™ื.
13:20
And I'm working very hard with my colleague, Arnold van Huis,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืื“ ืงืฉื” ืขื ื”ืงื•ืœื’ื” ืฉืœื™, ืืจื ื•ืœื“ ื•ืืŸ-ื”ื•ื™ืก,
13:23
in telling people what insects are,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื ื—ืจืงื™ื,
13:26
what magnificent things they are,
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ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื ื”ื,
13:28
what magnificent jobs they do in nature.
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ืื™ื–ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื ืคืœื ื”ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.
13:30
And in fact, without insects,
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ืœืœื ื—ืจืงื™ื,
13:32
we would not be here in this room,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
13:34
because if the insects die out,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืจืงื™ื,
13:36
we will soon die out as well.
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ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:39
If we die out, the insects will continue very happily.
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืฉืจ.
13:42
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:44
So we have to get used to the idea of eating insects.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื—ืจืงื™ื.
13:46
And some might think, well they're not yet available.
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ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืืžืจ, ืฉื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ืœื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืงื ื™ื™ื”.
13:48
Well they are.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื›ืŸ ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื.
13:50
There are entrepreneurs in the Netherlands that produce them,
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื—ืจืงื™ื,
13:53
and one of them is here in the audience,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืงื”ืœ,
13:55
Marian Peeters, who's in the picture.
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ืžืจื™ืืŸ ืคื™ื˜ืจืก, ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”.
13:57
I predict that later this year, you'll get them in the supermarkets --
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ืื ื™ ืฆื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื”, ื ืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืกื•ืคืจืžืจืงื˜ื™ื,
14:00
not visible, but as animal protein
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ืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช, ืืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื—ื™
14:02
in the food.
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ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
14:06
And maybe by 2020,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืขื“ 2020
14:09
you'll buy them just knowing that this is an insect that you're going to eat.
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ืชืงื ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืจืง.
14:12
And they're being made in the most wonderful ways.
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ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื ืคืœืื•ืช.
14:15
A Dutch chocolate maker.
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ื™ืฆืจืŸ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™.
14:18
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
14:55
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:57
So there's even a lot of design to it.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
14:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:02
Well in the Netherlands, we have an innovative Minister of Agriculture,
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ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืจืช ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช,
15:05
and she puts the insects on the menu
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื—ืจืงื™ื ืœืชืคืจื™ื˜
15:07
in her restaurant in her ministry.
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ื”ืžืกืขื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืœื”.
15:10
And when she got all the Ministers of Agriculture of the E.U.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืจื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
15:13
over to the Hague recently,
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ืœื”ืื’, ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
15:16
she went to a high-class restaurant,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืกืขื“ื” ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช
15:19
and they ate insects all together.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“ ืื›ืœื• ื—ืจืงื™ื.
15:21
It's not something that is a hobby of mine.
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ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืกืชื ื”ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉืœื™,
15:24
It's really taken off the ground.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืชื•ืคืก ืชืื•ืฆื”.
15:26
So why not eat insects?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ื ืื›ืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื ?
15:28
You should try it yourself.
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื.
15:30
A couple of years ago, we had 1,750 people all together
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ื ืกื ื• 1750 ืื ืฉื™ื
15:33
in a square in Wageningen town,
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ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื•ืื—ื ื™ื ื—ืŸ
15:36
and they ate insects at the same moment,
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ื•ื”ื ืื›ืœื• ื™ื—ื“ ื—ืจืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื’ืข,
15:38
and this was still big, big news.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืื“.
15:41
I think soon it will not be big news anymore when we all eat insects,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืื›ืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื, ืืœื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
15:44
because it's just a normal way of doing.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื’ืจื”.
15:46
So you can try it yourself today,
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
15:49
and I would say, enjoy.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืชื”ื ื•.
15:52
And I'm going to show to Bruno some first tries,
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช
15:55
and he can have the first bite.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื˜ืขื•ื.
15:58
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
16:10
Bruno Giussani: Look at them first. Look at them first.
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ื‘ืจื•ื ื• ื’ื™ื•ืกืื ื™: ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื. ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื.
16:13
Marcel Dicke: It's all protein.
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ืžืจืกืœ ื“ื™ืงื”: ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื.
16:16
BG: That's exactly the same [one] you saw in the video actually.
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ื‘"ื’: ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉืจืื™ืชื ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืื•
16:19
And it looks delicious.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ.
16:21
They just make it [with] nuts or something.
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ื”ื ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ืื• ืžืฉื”ื•.
16:24
MD: Thank you.
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ืž"ื“: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
16:26
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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