Jay Walker: A library of human imagination

47,566 views ใƒป 2008-12-16

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ariella Cwikel ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:18
These rocks have been hitting our earth for about three billion years,
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ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉื ื™ื,
00:22
and are responsible for much of whatโ€™s gone on on our planet.
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ื•ื”ื ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
00:25
This is an example of a real meteorite,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืื•ืจื™ื˜ ืืžืชื™,
00:27
and you can see all the melting of the iron
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ื ืžืก
00:29
from the speed and the heat when a meteorite hits the earth,
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ื•ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื˜ืื•ืจื™ื˜ ื‘ืืจืฅ,
00:33
and just how much of it survives and melts.
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืžื” ืžื–ื” ืฉื•ืจื“ ื•ื ืžืก.
00:36
From a meteorite from space,
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ืžืžื˜ืื•ืจื™ื˜ ืžื”ื—ืœืœ,
00:38
weโ€™re over here with an original Sputnik.
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ื ืขื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืœืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืง ืžืงื•ืจื™.
00:40
This is one of the seven surviving Sputniks that was not launched into space.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืฉืจื“ื• ื•ืฉืœื ืฉื•ื’ืจ ืœื—ืœืœ.
00:43
This is not a copy.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืขืชืง.
00:45
The space age began 50 years ago in October,
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ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืคื ื™ 50 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ,
00:48
and thatโ€™s exactly what Sputnik looked like.
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืง.
00:50
And it wouldnโ€™t be fun to talk about the space age
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ืฃ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื—ืœืœ
00:53
without seeing a flag that was carried
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ื’ืœ ืฉื ื™ืฉื
00:55
to the moon and back, on Apollo 11.
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ืœื™ืจื— ื•ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”, ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ ืืคื•ืœื• 11.
00:58
The astronauts each got to carry
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ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“
01:00
about ten silk flags in their personal kits.
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืขืฉืจื” ื“ื’ืœื™- ืžืฉื™ ื‘ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
01:03
They would bring them back and mount them.
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ื”ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ื•ืžืกื’ืจื• ืื•ืชื.
01:05
So this has actually been carried to the moon
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ืื– ื”ื“ื’ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื ืœืงื— ืœื™ืจื—
01:08
and back.
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ื•ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”.
01:10
So thatโ€™s for fun.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื›ื™ืฃ.
01:12
The dawn of books is, of course, important.
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ืจืืฉื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
01:14
And it wouldnโ€™t be interesting to talk about the dawn of books
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื
01:16
without having a copy of a Guttenberg Bible.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืชื "ืš ื’ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืจื’.
01:20
You can see how portable and handy it was to have your own Guttenberg
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืžื” ื ื™ื™ื“ ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืจื’ ืžืฉืœืš
01:22
in 1455.
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1455.
01:25
But whatโ€™s interesting about the Guttenberg Bible, and the dawn of this technology,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื "ืš ื’ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืจื’ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
01:29
is not the book.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืกืคืจ.
01:31
You see, the book was not driven by reading.
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ืชืจืื•, ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืื”.
01:35
In 1455, nobody could read.
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1455, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืœืงืจื•ื.
01:37
So why did the printing press succeed?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื”?
01:39
This is an original page of a Guttenberg Bible.
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ื–ื”ื• ื“ืฃ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืชื "ืš ื’ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืจื’.
01:43
So youโ€™re looking here at one of the first printed books
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ืื– ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืคืกื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
01:46
using movable type in the history of man,
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ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื“ืคืกื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื ืข,
01:48
550 years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ 550 ืฉื ื”.
01:51
We are living at the age here at the end of the book,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจ
01:53
where electronic paper will undoubtedly replace it.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ื™ืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื•.
01:55
But why is this so interesting? Hereโ€™s the quick story.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ? ื”ื ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืงืฆืจื”.
01:59
It turns out that in the 1450s,
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-15,
02:01
the Catholic Church needed money,
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ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื›ืกืฃ,
02:03
and so they
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ื”ื“ืคื™ืกื• ื›ืชื‘ื™ ...
02:05
actually hand-wrote these things called indulgences,
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืงืจื ืฉื˜ืจ ืžื—ื™ืœื”,
02:07
which were forgivenessโ€™s on pieces of paper.
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื—ื˜ื ืขืœ ื“ืฃ ื ื™ื™ืจ.
02:09
They traveled all around Europe
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ื•ื”ื ื ืกืขื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
02:11
and sold by the hundreds or by the thousands.
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ื•ืžื›ืจื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืœืคื™ื, ืื• ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื.
02:13
They got you out of purgatory faster.
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืื•ืชืš ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆืจืฃ (ืžื™ืจื•ืง ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืžื—ื˜ืื™ื).
02:16
And when the printing press was invented
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ืžืฆืื” ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก
02:18
what they found was they could print indulgences,
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ื”ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืฉื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืœื”,
02:20
which was the equivalent of printing money.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื“ืคืกื” ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ.
02:22
And so all of Western Europe started buying printing presses in 1455 --
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ื•ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืคื•ืก ื‘1455
02:26
to print out thousands,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืืœืคื™
02:28
and then hundreds of thousands,
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ื•ืื– ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™,
02:29
and then ultimately millions
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™
02:31
of single, small pieces of paper
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ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื•ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
02:34
that got you out of middle hell and into heaven.
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ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื•ืชืš ืžื”ื’ื™ื”ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ืื•ืชืš ืœื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ.
02:37
That is why the printing press succeeded,
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ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก,
02:40
and that is why Martin Luther
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืชืจ
02:42
nailed his 90 theses to the door:
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ืžืกืžืจ ืืช 90 ื”ืชื–ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื“ืœืชื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช:
02:45
because he was complaining that the Catholic Church had gone amok
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช ื ื˜ืจืคื” ืขืœ ื“ืขืชื”
02:48
in printing out indulgences and selling them
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ืคื™ืกื” ื•ืžื›ืจื” ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืœื”
02:51
in every town and village and city in all of Western Europe.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ ื•ื›ืคืจ ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
02:55
So the printing press, ladies and gentlemen,
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ืื– ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™,
02:57
was driven entirely by the printing of forgivenesses
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ื”ื•ื ืขื” ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื“ืคืกื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช
03:00
and had nothing to do with reading.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืœืงืจื™ืื”.
03:02
More tomorrow. I also have pictures coming of the library
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ืขื•ื“ ืžื—ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื’ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš
03:04
for those of you that have asked for pictures.
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ืœืืœื• ืžื›ื ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
03:06
Weโ€™re going to have some tomorrow.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื—ืจ
03:08
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
03:09
Instead of showing an object from the stage
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื—ืคืฅ ืžื”ื‘ืžื”
03:11
Iโ€™m going to do something special for the first time.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
03:13
We are going to show, actually, what the library looks like, OK?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืจืื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื™ืš ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืจืื™ืช, ืื•ืงื™ื™?
03:17
So, I am married to the most wonderful woman in the world.
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ืื–, ืื ื™ ื ืฉื•ื™ ืœืื™ืฉื” ื”ื ืคืœืื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
03:20
Youโ€™re going to find out why in a minute,
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ืชื’ืœื• ืœืžื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื“ืงื”,
03:22
because when I went to see Eileen,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืื™ื™ืœื™ืŸ,
03:24
this is what I said I wanted to build.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช.
03:26
This is the Library of Human Imagination.
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ื–ื• ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
03:29
The room itself is three stories tall.
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ื”ื—ื“ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืงื•ืžื•ืช.
03:32
In the glass panels are 5,000 years of human imagination
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ื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื™ืฉื ื 5,000 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™
03:35
that are computer controlled.
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ื•ื”ื ื ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘.
03:37
The room is a theatre. It changes colors.
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ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ืชืื˜ืจื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื.
03:39
And all throughout the library are different objects, different spaces.
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ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื™ืฉื ื ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื—ืœืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
03:43
Itโ€™s designed like an Escher print.
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ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื“ืคืก ืฉืœ ื”ืืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ืจืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืืฉืจ.
03:45
Here is some of the lower level of the library,
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืคืœืก ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื”
03:47
where the exhibits constantly change.
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ืฉื ื”ืžื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ.
03:49
You can walk through. You can touch.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื”. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ืขืช.
03:51
You can see exactly how many of these types of items would fit in a room.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื” ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื—ื“ืจ.
03:54
Thereโ€™s my very own Saturn V.
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ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื’ืจ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืกื˜ื•ืจืŸ 5 ืฉืœื™.
03:56
Everybody should have one, OK? (Laughter)
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื–ื”, ืื•ืงื™ื™.
03:59
So you can see here in the lower level of the library
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžืคืœืก ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื”
04:01
the books and the objects.
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ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื.
04:03
In the glass panels all along is sort of the history of imagination.
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ื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจืš, ื™ืฉ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
04:06
There is a glass bridge that you walk across
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ื™ืฉ ื’ืฉืจ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืฉื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื”
04:08
thatโ€™s suspended in space.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
04:10
So itโ€™s a leap of imagination.
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
04:11
How do we create?
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ืื– ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื?
04:13
Part of the question that I have answered is,
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ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืขืœื™ื• ืขื ื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื
04:15
is we create by surrounding ourselves with stimuli:
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•,
04:18
with human achievement, with history,
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ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
04:20
with the things that drive us and make us human --
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ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
04:23
the passionate discovery, the bones of dinosaurs long gone,
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ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื ืจื’ืฉ, ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจ ืฉื ื›ื—ื“ ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ืจ,
04:27
the maps of space that weโ€™ve experienced,
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ืžืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœืœ ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื•,
04:30
and ultimately the hallways that stimulate our mind and our imagination.
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื’ืจื™ื ืืช ืžื•ื—ื ื• ื•ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื ื•.
04:34
So hopefully tomorrow Iโ€™ll show
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืžื—ืจ
04:36
one or two more objects from the stage,
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ืื—ื“ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”,
04:37
but for today I just wanted to say thank you
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื•ื“ื”
04:39
for all the people that came and talked to us about it.
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
04:41
And Eileen and I are thrilled to open our home
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ืื™ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืื ื™ ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื ื•
04:43
and share it with the TED community.
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ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืงื”ื™ืœืช TED.
04:45
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:46
TED is all about patterns in the clouds.
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TED ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืขื ื ื™ื.
04:49
Itโ€™s all about connections.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืงืฉืจื™ื.
04:51
Itโ€™s all about seeing things
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ื‘ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
04:53
that everybody else has seen before
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ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืจืื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
04:55
but thinking about them in ways that nobody has thought of them before.
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ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžืขื•ืœื.
05:00
And thatโ€™s really what discovery and imagination is all about.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
05:04
For example, we can look
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ
05:06
at a DNA molecule model here.
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ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืช DNA ื›ืืŸ.
05:09
None of us really have ever seen one,
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืจืื” ืื—ืช ื›ื–ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ,
05:11
but we know it exists because weโ€™ve been taught
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื•
05:14
to understand this molecule.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
05:16
But we can also look at an Enigma machine
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืื ื™ื’ืžื”
05:19
from the Nazis in World War II
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ืžื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ื”"ืข ื”- II
05:21
that was a coding and decoding machine.
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืฆืคื ื” ื•ืคืขื ื•ื—.
05:23
Now, you might say, what does this have to do with this?
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ื›ืขืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื–ื”?
05:26
Well, this is the code for life,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื”ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ ืœื—ื™ื™ื,
05:28
and this is a code for death.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ ืœืžื•ื•ืช.
05:31
These two molecules
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ืฉืชื™ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื•
05:33
code and decode.
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ืžืฆืคื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืคืขื ื—ื•ืช.
05:35
And yet, looking at them, you would see a machine and a molecule.
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ืื•ืœื, ื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื”.
05:39
But once youโ€™ve seen them in a new way,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”,
05:41
you realize that both of these things really are connected.
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ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืฉื ื™ ืืœื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื.
05:44
And theyโ€™re connected primarily because of this here.
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ื•ื”ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”.
05:48
You see, this is a human brain model, OK?
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ืชื‘ื™ื ื•, ื–ื” ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืื•ืงื™ื™?
05:52
And itโ€™s rare, because we never really get to see a brain.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื“ื™ืจ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžื–ื“ืžืŸ ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื•ื—.
05:54
We get to see a skull. But there it is.
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ื‘ื“"ื› ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื.
05:56
All of imagination -- everything that we think,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
05:58
we feel, we sense -- comes through the human brain.
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ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื, ื—ืฉื™ื, ืžื’ื™ืข ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
06:01
And once we create new patterns in this brain,
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื— ื”ื–ื”,
06:03
once we shape the brain in a new way,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื”,
06:05
it never returns to its original shape.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช.
06:09
And Iโ€™ll give you a quick example.
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ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืงืฆืจื”.
06:11
We think about the Internet;
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
06:13
we think about information that goes across the Internet.
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ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
06:15
And we never think about the hidden connection.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืกืžื•ื™.
06:17
But I brought along here a lump of coal --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ ื’ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคื—ื-
06:20
right here, one lump of coal.
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ, ื’ื•ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืคื—ื.
06:23
And what does a lump of coal have to do with the Internet?
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ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื•ืฉ ืคื—ื ื•ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜?
06:25
You see, it takes the energy in one lump of coal
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฉ ืคื—ื ืื—ื“
06:29
to move one megabyte of information across the net.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืžื’ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
06:33
So every time you download a file,
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ืื– ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืชื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ,
06:35
each megabyte is a lump of coal.
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ื›ืœ ืžื’ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืฉ ืคื—ื.
06:38
What that means is, a 200-megabyte file
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉืœ 200 ืžื’ื‘ื™ื™ื˜
06:43
looks like this, ladies and gentlemen. OK?
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ื ืจืื” ื›ื›ื”, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™. ืื•ืงื™ื™?
06:46
So the next time you download a gigabyte,
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ืื– ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืืชื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’'ื™ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื˜,
06:48
or two gigabytes, itโ€™s not for free, OK?
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ืื• ืฉื ื™ ื’'ื™ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื˜, ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ืื•ืงื™ื™?
06:52
The connection is the energy it takes to run the web ,
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ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช
06:57
and to make everything we think possible, possible.
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ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจื™, ืœืืคืฉืจื™.
07:00
Thanks, Chris.
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ืชื•ื“ื”, ื›ืจื™ืก.
07:02
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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