Dan Dennett: Responding to Pastor Rick Warren

2,048,951 views ใƒป 2007-01-16

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Shlomo Adam ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Arnon Cahen
00:27
It's wonderful to be back.
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ื ืคืœื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืืŸ.
00:29
I love this wonderful gathering.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ื–ื•.
00:32
And you must be wondering, "What on earth?
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ื•ืืชื ื•ื“ืื™ ืชื•ื”ื™ื, "ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”?
00:34
Have they put up the wrong slide?"
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"ื”ืื ื”ื ื˜ืขื• ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืคื™ืช?"
00:36
No, no.
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ืœื, ืœื.
00:38
Look at this magnificent beast,
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื” ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ื–ื•
00:42
and ask the question: Who designed it?
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ื•ืฉืืœื•: "ืžื™ ืขื™ืฆื‘ ืื•ืชื”?"
00:48
This is TED; this is Technology, Entertainment, Design,
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ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘-TED:
"ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘", ื•ื–ื• ืคืจื” ื—ื•ืœื‘ืช.
00:52
and there's a dairy cow.
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00:53
It's a quite wonderfully designed animal.
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ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืคืจื” ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ืœืขื™ืœื.
00:58
And I was thinking, how do I introduce this?
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ืชื”ื™ืชื™ ืื™ืš ืืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื,
01:00
And I thought, well, maybe that old doggerel by Joyce Kilmer,
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ืื•ืœื™ ืื•ืชื• ืคื–ืžื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืืช ื’'ื•ื™ืก ืงื™ืœืžืจ:
01:05
you know: "Poems are made by fools like me, but only God can make a tree."
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"ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืืš ืจืง ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื ืขืฆื™ื."
ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ืชืืžืจื•, "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืจื”."
01:10
And you might say, "Well, God designed the cow."
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01:12
But, of course, God got a lot of help.
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ืืœื ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื–ืจื”.
01:16
This is the ancestor of cattle.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืงืจ, ื”ืื•ืจื™ืงืก.
01:18
This is the aurochs.
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01:21
And it was designed by natural selection,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืข"ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช,
01:23
the process of natural selection, over many millions of years.
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ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ืฉื ืžืฉืš ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื.
01:27
And then it became domesticated, thousands of years ago.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื™ื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
01:32
And human beings became its stewards,
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื•ืชื•,
01:36
and, without even knowing what they were doing,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
01:39
they gradually redesigned it and redesigned it and redesigned it.
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ื”ื ืขื™ืฆื‘ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
01:43
And then more recently, they really began to do reverse engineering on this beast
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ื•ืื–, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืžืžืฉ
ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
01:49
and figure out just what the parts were, how they worked
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ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื
01:52
and how they might be optimized -- how they might be made better.
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ื•ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื˜ื‘ ืื•ืชื, ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืคืจ ืื•ืชื.
01:57
Now, why am I talking about cows?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคืจื•ืช?
02:01
Because I want to say that much the same thing is true of religions.
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช.
02:06
Religions are natural phenomena -- they're just as natural as cows.
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ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข.
ื”ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืจื•ืช.
02:11
They have evolved over millennia.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
02:16
They have a biological base, just like the aurochs.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืœืื•ืจื™ืงืก.
02:20
They have become domesticated,
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืชื•,
02:22
and human beings have been redesigning their religions for thousands of years.
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžื–ื” ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
02:29
This is TED, and I want to talk about design.
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ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘-TED, ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
02:33
Because what I've been doing for the last four years --
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ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
02:35
really since the first time you saw me --
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืื– ืจืื™ืชื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” -- ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื›ื ืจืื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘-TED
02:37
some of you saw me at TED when I was talking about religion --
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ื›ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืช, ื•ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
02:41
and in the last four years,
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02:42
I've been working just about non-stop on this topic.
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ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
02:45
And you might say it's about the reverse engineering of religions.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช.
02:51
Now that very idea, I think, strikes terror in many people,
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืขืฆื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžืคื™ืœ ืื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
02:57
or anger, or anxiety of one sort or another.
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ืื• ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื–ืขื, ืื• ื—ืจื“ื” ื›ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช.
03:02
And that is the spell that I want to break.
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ื•ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืกื™ืจ.
03:05
I want to say, no, religions are an important natural phenomenon.
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ: ืœื, ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืชื•ืคืขืช ื˜ื‘ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
03:08
We should study them with the same intensity
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืขืžืงื•ืช
03:12
that we study all the other important natural phenomena,
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ื‘ื” ืื ื• ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช,
03:15
like global warming, as we heard so eloquently last night from Al Gore.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช, ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ืจืฆื” ืืžืฉ ื‘ืจื”ื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืœ ื’ื•ืจ.
ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื”, ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื”.
03:20
Today's religions are brilliantly designed -- brilliantly designed.
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03:24
They are immensely powerful social institutions
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ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™-ืขื•ืฆืžื”,
03:28
and many of their features can be traced back to earlier features
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:34
that we can really make sense of by reverse engineering.
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ื•ืข"ื™ ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ.
03:39
And, as with the cow, there's a mixture of evolutionary design --
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืขื ื”ืคืจื”, ื™ืฉ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™,
03:44
designed by natural selection itself --
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ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ --
03:46
and intelligent design --
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03:49
more or less intelligent design --
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ -- ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืข"ื™ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื,
03:51
and redesigned by human beings
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03:53
who are trying to redesign their religions.
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ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
03:57
You don't do book talks at TED,
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ื–ื”... ื‘-TED ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื,
04:01
but I'm going to have just one slide about my book,
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ืืš ืืฆื™ื’ ืจืง ืฉื™ืงื•ืคื™ืช ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™,
04:05
because there is one message in it
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืกืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉื›ืืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข.
04:08
which I think this group really needs to hear.
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04:10
And I would be very interested to get your responses to this.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืžืื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื ืœื›ืš.
04:15
It's the one policy proposal that I make in the book,
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ื–ื• ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ื–ื”,
04:19
at this time, when I claim not to know enough about religion
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ืœืขืช-ืขืชื”, ื‘ืื•ืžืจื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืกืคื™ืง ืขืœ ื”ื“ืช,
04:23
to know what other policy proposals to make.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
04:25
And it's one that echoes remarks that you've heard already today.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืฆืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขืชื ื”ื™ื•ื.
04:30
Here's my proposal,
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ืฉืœื™:
04:31
I'm going to just take a couple of minutes to explain it:
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-- ืืงื“ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” --
04:34
Education on world religions for all of our children --
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ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•,
ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™, ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื,
04:40
in primary school, in high school,
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช.
04:42
in public schools, in private schools and in home schooling.
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04:46
So what I'm proposing is,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืฉื ืฉืื ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื
04:48
just as we require reading, writing, arithmetic, American history,
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช,
04:54
so we should have a curriculum on facts about all the religions of the world --
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ื›ืš ื’ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช
ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื --
ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ืขื™ืงืจื™ื”ืŸ, ื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
05:01
about their history, about their creeds, about their texts,
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05:06
their music, their symbolisms, their prohibitions, their requirements.
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ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื”ืกืžืœื™ื, ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
05:11
And this should be presented factually, straightforwardly,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™, ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™
05:16
with no particular spin, to all of the children in the country.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื—ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ.
05:23
And as long as you teach them that,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืืช ื–ื”,
05:26
you can teach them anything else you like.
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ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช.
05:29
That, I think, is maximal tolerance for religious freedom.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™.
05:34
As long as you inform your children about other religions,
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืชืฉื›ื™ืœื• ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ืชื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
05:39
then you may -- and as early as you like and whatever you like --
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ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื, ืžื•ืงื“ื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชืจืฆื• ื•ืžืชื™ ืฉืชืจืฆื•,
05:42
teach them whatever creed you want them to learn.
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ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ืœืžื“ื•.
05:45
But also let them know about other religions.
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ืืš ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื”ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื“ืชื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
05:48
Now, why do I say that?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช?
05:52
Because democracy depends on an informed citizenship.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืžืกืชืžื›ืช ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช.
05:59
Informed consent is the very bedrock of our understanding of democracy.
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ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช ื”ื™ื ืกืœืข ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”.
06:06
Misinformed consent is not worth it.
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ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืœื-ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช ื”ื™ื ื—ืกืจืช ืขืจืš --
06:10
It's like a coin flip; it doesn't count, really.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื˜ืœืช ืžื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ -- ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช.
06:13
Democracy depends on informed consent.
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ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช:
06:16
This is the way we treat people as responsible adults.
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ื›ื›ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืื—ืจืื™ื™ื.
06:21
Now, children below the age of consent are a special case.
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช, ื”ื ืžืงืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
06:30
Parents -- I'm going to use a word that Pastor Rick just used --
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ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื -- ื•ืืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ื›ื•ืžืจ ืจื™ืง ื–ื” ืขืชื” --
06:36
parents are stewards of their children.
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ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื.
06:39
They don't own them.
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
06:41
You can't own your children.
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ืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื.
06:43
You have a responsibility to the world,
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ืืชื ืื—ืจืื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
06:46
to the state, to them, to take care of them right.
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ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื, ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
06:52
You may teach them whatever creed you think is most important,
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ืืชื ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืœืžื“ื ื›ืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
06:58
but I say you have a responsibility to let them be informed
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ืืš ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœืœืžื•ื“
07:03
about all the other creeds in the world, too.
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ื’ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
07:07
The reason I've taken this time is I've been fascinated to hear
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืงื“ืฉืชื™ ืœื›ืš ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืจื™ืชืงื• ืื•ืชื™.
07:11
some of the reactions to this.
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07:14
One reviewer for a Roman Catholic newspaper called it "totalitarian."
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ืžื‘ืงืจ ืื—ื“, ืžืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ืจื•ืžื™-ืงืชื•ืœื™, ื›ื™ื ื” ื–ืืช "ื˜ื•ื˜ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช."
07:21
It strikes me as practically libertarian.
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ื‘ืขื™ื ื™, ื–ื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™.
07:26
Is it totalitarian to require reading, writing and arithmetic?
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ื”ืื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืงืจื•ื, ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื˜ืœื™ื˜ืืจื™?
07:29
I don't think so.
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ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื™.
07:30
All I'm saying is --
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ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื: ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
07:32
and facts, facts only; no values, just facts --
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ื‘ืœื™ ืขืจื›ื™ื. ืจืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
07:38
about all the world's religions.
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07:41
Another reviewer called it "hilarious."
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ืžื‘ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ืืžืจ ืฉื–ื” "ืงื•ืจืข".
07:44
Well, I'm really bothered by the fact
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืžืื“ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืขืฉืข.
07:48
that anybody would think that was hilarious.
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07:51
It seems to me to be such a plausible,
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ื›ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™
07:55
natural extension of the democratic principles we already have
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•,
07:59
that I'm shocked to think anybody would find that just ridiculous.
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ืขื“ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื–ื•ืขื–ืข ืžื›ืš ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืกืชื ืžื’ื•ื—ืš.
08:05
I know many religions
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื“ืชื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
08:08
are so anxious about preserving the purity of their faith among their children
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ื›ื” ื—ืจื“ื•ืช ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ,
08:15
that they are intent on keeping their children ignorant of other faiths.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ืชื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
08:22
I don't think that's defensible.
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ืื™ื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื”,
08:25
But I'd really be pleased to get your answers on that --
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ืืš ืืฉืžื— ืžืื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื ืœื›ืš,
08:27
any reactions to that -- later.
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ื›ืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื, ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขืช ืืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืœืื”.
08:29
But now I'm going to move on.
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08:31
Back to the cow.
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ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ืคืจื”.
08:33
This picture, which I pulled off the web --
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ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•, ืฉื”ื•ืจื“ืชื™ ืžื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ -
08:36
the fellow on the left is really an important part of this picture.
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ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืืœ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”.
08:39
That's the steward.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ.
08:41
Cows couldn't live without human stewards -- they're domesticated.
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ืคืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ื™ืชื•ืช.
08:46
They're a sort of ectosymbiont.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžื‘ื™ื•ื–ื”.
08:50
They depend on us for their survival.
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ื”ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ื•ืžืŸ.
08:55
And Pastor Rick was just talking about sheep.
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ื”ื›ื•ืžืจ ืจื™ืง ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื. ื’ื ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื.
08:58
I'm going to talk about sheep, too.
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09:00
There's a lot of serendipitous convergence here.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ืืงืจืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
09:04
How clever it was of sheep to acquire shepherds!
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื›ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืœืขืฆืžืŸ ืจื•ืขื™ื!
09:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ืŸ.
09:10
Think of what this got them.
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09:12
They could outsource all their problems:
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ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ-ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ --
09:15
protection from predators, food-finding ...
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ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื, ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
09:17
(Laughter)
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09:18
... health maintenance.
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09:20
(Laughter)
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09:22
The only cost in most flocks -- not even this -- a loss of free mating.
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ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื“ืจื™ื, ื•ืœื ืชืžื™ื“, ื”ื•ื ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื•ืช.
09:29
What a deal!
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ืื™ื–ื• ืขื™ืกืงื”!
09:31
"How clever of sheep!" you might say.
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"ื›ืžื” ืคื™ืงื—ื™ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื!" ืื•ืœื™ ืชืืžืจื•.
09:33
Except, of course, it wasn't the sheep's cleverness.
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ืืœื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืืŸ ืคื™ืงื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื.
ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื“ืขื ื™ ื—ืœืœ. ืœื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื›ืžื•ืช.
09:36
We all know sheep are not exactly rocket scientists -- they're not very smart.
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09:41
It wasn't the cleverness of the sheep at all.
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ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืืŸ ืฉื•ื ืคื™ืงื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื.
09:43
They were clueless.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”.
ืืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืขื“ ืžืื“ ืžื—ื•ื›ื.
09:46
But it was a very clever move.
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09:48
Whose clever move was it?
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืžื—ื•ื›ื ื”ื–ื”?
09:49
It was the clever move of natural selection itself.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืขื“ ืžื—ื•ื›ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.
09:53
Francis Crick, the co-discoverer of the structure of DNA
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ืคืจื ืกื™ืก ืงืจื™ืง,
ืฉื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื“ื "ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื’'ื™ื ื•ื•ื˜ืกื•ืŸ,
09:59
with Jim Watson,
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10:01
once joked about what he called Orgel's Second Rule.
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ื”ืชื‘ื“ื— ืคืขื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” "ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื’ืœ".
10:04
Leslie Orgel is a molecular biologist, brilliant guy,
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ืœืกืœื™ ืื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™, ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง,
10:09
and Orgel's Second Rule is:
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ื•ื: "ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื™ืงื—ื™ืช ืžื›ื".
10:11
Evolution is cleverer than you are.
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10:14
Now, that is not Intelligent Design -- not from Francis Crick.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ -- ืœื ืœืคื™ ืคืจื ืกื™ืก ืงืจื™ืง.
10:21
Evolution is cleverer than you are.
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ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื™ืงื—ื™ืช ืžื›ื.
ืื ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื’ืœ, ืืชื ื’ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื
10:23
If you understand Orgel's Second Rule, then you understand
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10:26
why the Intelligent Design movement is basically a hoax.
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื“ื•ื’ืœืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืชึทืจืžื™ืช.
10:33
The designs discovered by the process of natural selection
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ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
10:37
are brilliant, unbelievably brilliant.
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ื”ื ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื, ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ืชื™ืืžืŸ.
10:40
Again and again biologists are fascinated with the brilliance of what's discovered.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžื•ืงืกืžื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื”ื‘ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžื’ืœื™ื.
10:45
But the process itself is without purpose,
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ืืš ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ื ื˜ื•ืœ-ืžื˜ืจื”,
10:48
without foresight, without design.
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ื ื˜ื•ืœ ืจืื™ื™ืช-ื ื•ืœื“, ื ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ.
10:51
When I was here four years ago,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื,
10:52
I told the story about an ant climbing a blade of grass.
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ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื ืžืœื” ื”ืžื˜ืคืกืช ืขืœ ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉื‘.
10:55
And why the ant was doing it was because its brain had been infected
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ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช ื”ื ืžืœื”?
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื•ื—ื” ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืชื•ืœืขืช ื˜ืคื™ืœื™ืช
10:59
with a lancet fluke that was needed to get into the belly of a sheep or a cow
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื™ื‘ืช ื›ื‘ืฉ ืื• ืคืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช.
11:04
in order to reproduce.
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11:07
So it was sort of a spooky story.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืคื—ื™ื“.
11:09
And I think some people may have misunderstood.
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ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
11:11
Lancet flukes aren't smart.
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ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ื˜ืคื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื•ืช.
11:13
I submit that the intelligence of a lancet fluke is down there,
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืœืขืช ื˜ืคื™ืœื™ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ืื™-ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”
11:18
somewhere between petunia and carrot.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื˜ื•ื ื™ื” ืœื’ื–ืจ.
11:20
They're not really bright. They don't have to be.
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ื ื•ืจื ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื•ืช. ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
11:22
The lesson we learn from this is:
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ื”ืœืงื— ืฉืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื›ืš ื”ื•ื
11:24
you don't have to have a mind to be a beneficiary.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ื ืฉื›ืจ.
11:27
The design is there in nature, but it's not in anybody's head.
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ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข, ืืš ืœื ื‘ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
11:32
It doesn't have to be.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื.
ื›ืš ืคื•ืขืœืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”.
11:34
That's the way evolution works.
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11:36
Question: Was domestication good for sheep?
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ืฉืืœื”: ื”ืื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื›ื‘ืฉื™ื?
ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
11:39
It was great for their genetic fitness.
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11:41
And here I want to remind you of a wonderful point
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืช
11:44
that Paul MacCready made at TED three years ago.
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ืฉื”ืขืœื” ืคื•ืœ ืžืงืจื™ื“ื™ ื‘-TED ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
11:47
Here's what he said:
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžืจ:
11:50
"Ten thousand years ago, at the dawn of agriculture,
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"ืœืคื ื™ 10,000 ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ืฉื—ืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช,
11:52
human population, plus livestock and pets,
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"ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืง ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืช,
11:55
was approximately a tenth of one percent of the terrestrial vertebrate landmass."
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"ื”ื™ื” ื›ืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช ื”ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ืœืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื."
12:00
That was just 10,000 years ago.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ 10,000 ืฉื ื”:
ืืชืžื•ืœ, ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
12:03
Yesterday, in biological terms.
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12:05
What is it today? Does anybody remember what he told us?
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ื•ืžื” ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื? ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื ื•?
12:09
98 percent.
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98 ืื—ื•ื–.
12:11
That is what we have done on this planet.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ื–ื”.
12:14
Now, I talked to Paul afterwards -- I wanted to check to find out
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ืฉื•ื—ื—ืชื™ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืขื ืคื•ืœ,
ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ื–ื”,
12:17
how he'd calculated this, and get the sources and so forth --
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ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'.
12:20
and he also gave me a paper that he had written on this.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืžืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
12:23
And there was a passage in it which he did not present here
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืงื˜ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืฆื™ื’ ื›ืืŸ
ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘, ืขื“ ืฉืืงืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืื•ืชื•.
12:26
and I think it is so good, I'm going to read it to you:
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12:28
"Over billions of years on a unique sphere,
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"ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™,
12:31
chance has painted a thin covering of life:
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"ืฆื™ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื“ืง ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื:
12:34
complex, improbable, wonderful and fragile.
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"ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ืœื-ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื, ื ืคืœืื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืจื™ื.
12:38
Suddenly, we humans -- a recently arrived species
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"ืœืคืชืข, ืื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื’ื–ืข ืฉื–ื”-ืžืงืจื•ื‘-ื‘ื,
12:41
no longer subject to the checks and balances inherent in nature --
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"ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืื–ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข,
12:44
have grown in population, technology and intelligence
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"ื”ืชืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืžืกืคืจ, ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืขื“ ืœืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ื ื•ืจื.
12:47
to a position of terrible power.
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12:49
We now wield the paintbrush."
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"ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ื”ืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื—ื•ืœ."
12:52
We heard about the atmosphere as a thin layer of varnish.
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ืฉืžืขื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ื›ืฉื›ื‘ืช ืœื›ื” ื“ืงื”.
12:55
Life itself is just a thin coat of paint on this planet.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื”ื ืจืง ืฉื›ื‘ืช ืฆื‘ืข ื“ืงื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ื–ื”.
12:59
And we're the ones that hold the paintbrush.
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ื•ืื ื• ื”ืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื—ื•ืœ.
13:02
And how can we do that?
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช?
13:04
The key to our domination of the planet is culture.
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ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ื•ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช,
13:08
And the key to culture is religion.
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ื•ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ืช.
13:11
Suppose Martian scientists came to Earth.
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ืื ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืžืื“ื™ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
13:14
They would be puzzled by many things.
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ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืคืœื™ืื• ืื•ืชื.
13:18
Anybody know what this is? I'll tell you what it is.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื–ื”? ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืžื” ื–ื”.
13:22
This is a million people gathering on the banks of the Ganges in 2001,
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ืืœื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืฉื”ืชืืกืคื• ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื’ืก ื‘-2001,
13:27
perhaps the largest single gathering of human beings ever,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืชืงื‘ืฆื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื– ื•ืžืขื•ืœื,
13:31
as seen from satellite photograph.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ.
13:33
Here's a big crowd.
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ื”ื ื” ืงื”ืœ ืขืฆื•ื. ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืงื”ืœ, ื‘ืžื›ื”.
13:34
Here's another crowd in Mecca.
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13:37
Martians would be amazed by this.
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ื–ื” ื™ื“ื”ื™ื ืืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืื“ื™ื. ื”ื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื“ืขืช
13:39
They'd want to know how it originated,
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ืžื” ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืœืฉื ืžื” ื–ื” ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžื ืฆื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื•.
13:41
what it was for and how it perpetuates itself.
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ืื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื›ืš.
13:45
Actually, I'm going to pass over this.
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ื–ื”... ื”ื ืžืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื“.
13:48
The ant isn't alone.
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13:49
There's all sorts of wonderful cases of species which -- in that case --
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื•ืคืœืื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื.
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”,
13:56
A parasite gets into a mouse and needs to get into the belly of a cat.
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ื˜ืคื™ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืจ ืœืขื›ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื˜ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ืชื•ืœ,
14:00
And it turns the mouse into Mighty Mouse, makes it fearless,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจ ืœืกื•ืคืจ-ืขื›ื‘ืจ, ืœื—ืกืจ-ืคื—ื“,
ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคืชื•ื—, ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืฃ ืข"ื™ ื—ืชื•ืœ.
14:03
so it runs out in the open, where it'll be eaten by a cat.
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ืืžืช ืœืืžื™ืชื”.
14:06
True story.
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14:07
In other words, we have these hijackers --
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ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื”ืืœื” --
14:09
you've seen this slide before, from four years ago --
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ืชื ืฉื™ืงื•ืคื™ืช ื–ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื --
14:12
a parasite that infects the brain and induces even suicidal behavior,
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ื˜ืคื™ืœ ืฉืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืžื•ื—
ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืื•ื‘ื“ื ื™ืช
14:16
on behalf of a cause other than one's own genetic fitness.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื’ื•ืฃ.
14:20
Does that ever happen to us?
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ื”ืื ืœื ื• ืงื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”?
14:22
Yes, it does -- quite wonderfully.
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžื•ืคืœืื”.
14:27
The Arabic word "Islam" means "submission."
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช "ืื™ืกืœื" ืžืฉืžืขื” ื›ื ื™ืขื”.
14:29
It means "surrender of self-interest to the will of Allah."
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ืžืฉืžืขื” ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืžืขืŸ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืœืœื”.
14:32
But I'm not just talking about Islam.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืกืœื.
14:34
I'm talking also about Christianity.
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช. ื–ื”ื• ื“ืฃ-ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื’ื™ืœื”
14:36
This is a parchment music page that I found in a Paris bookstall
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ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ื“ื•ื›ืŸ-ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื™ืก ืœืคื ื™ 50 ืฉื ื”.
14:39
50 years ago.
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14:41
And on it, it says, in Latin:
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ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื•, ื‘ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช:
14:44
"Semen est verbum Dei. Sator autem Christus."
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ืกึถืžึถืŸ ืึถืกึฐื˜ ื•ึถื•ืจื‘ึผื•ึผื ื“ึถืื™. ืกึทืื˜ื•ึนืจ ืึทื•ื•ึผื˜ึถื ื›ึผึฐืจื™ืกึฐื˜ื•ึผืก:
14:47
The word of God is the seed and the sower of the seed is Christ.
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"ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืœ ื”ื•ื ื–ืจืข, ื•ื˜ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืจืข ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื•."
14:51
Same idea. Well, not quite.
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ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ! ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.
14:53
But in fact, Christians, too ...
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ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื’ื ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืชื”ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื ื™ืขื•ืชื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืืœ.
14:58
glory in the fact that they have surrendered to God.
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15:01
I'll give you a few quotes.
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ื•ืช:
15:03
"The heart of worship is surrender.
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"ื”ื›ื ื™ืขื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืœื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืœ."
15:06
Surrendered people obey God's words, even if it doesn't make sense."
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"ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื›ื ื•ืขื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืœ, ืืฃ ืื ืื™ื ื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™."
15:11
Those words are by Rick Warren.
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ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืจืŸ.
15:13
Those are from "The Purpose Driven Life."
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ื”ืŸ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš "ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืช."
15:16
And I want to turn now, briefly, to talk about that book, which I've read.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ื–ื”, ืฉืื•ืชื• ืงืจืืชื™.
15:20
You've all got a copy,
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ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœื•.
15:21
and you've just heard the man.
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ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืฉืžืขืชื ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ืขืฆืžื•.
15:24
And what I want to do now is say a bit about this book
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื” ืžืœื™ื ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™,
15:27
from the design standpoint,
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15:29
because I think it's actually a brilliant book.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืกืคืจ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง.
ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ, ื”ืžื˜ืจื” - ื•ื›ืจื’ืข ืฉืžืขืชื ืžื”ื™ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” -
15:33
First of all, the goal -- and you heard just now what the goal is --
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15:36
it's to bring purpose to the lives of millions, and he has succeeded.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื›ืš.
15:39
Is it a good goal? In itself, I'm sure we all agree, it is a wonderful goal.
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ื”ืื ื–ืืช ืžื˜ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”?
ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืกื›ื™ื, ื–ื• ืžื˜ืจื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช.
15:43
He's absolutely right.
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ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื“ืง ืœื’ืžืจื™.
15:44
There are lots of people out there who don't have purpose in their life,
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื,
15:48
and bringing purpose to their life is a wonderful goal.
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ื•ื”ื‘ืืช ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืจื” ื ืคืœืื”.
15:51
I give him an A+ on this.
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ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืขืœ ื–ื” "ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ".
15:53
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื”ืื ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ืช?
15:55
Is the goal achieved?
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15:58
Yes.
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ื›ืŸ.
16:01
Thirty million copies of this book.
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30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”!
16:05
Al Gore, eat your heart out.
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ืืœ ื’ื•ืจ, ืชืื›ืœ ืืช ื”ืœื‘.
16:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:10
Just exactly what Al is trying to do, Rick is doing.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืœ ื’ื•ืจ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ - ืจื™ืง ืžืฆืœื™ื—.
16:14
This is a fantastic achievement.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ืฉื’ ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™.
ื•ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื -- ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื›ืš?
16:18
And the means -- how does he do it?
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16:22
It's a brilliant redesign of traditional religious themes --
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ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘-ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื“ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื --
16:25
updating them, quietly dropping obsolete features,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืขื“ื›ืŸ ืื•ืชื, ืžืฉืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื–ืžื ื,
16:28
putting new interpretations on other features.
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ืžืฆืžื™ื“ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
16:30
This is the evolution of religion that's been going on for thousands of years,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืช, ืฉื ืžืฉื›ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืžื™ื™ืฉื ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืง ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœื”.
16:34
and he's just the latest brilliant practitioner of it.
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16:38
I don't have to tell you this; you just heard the man.
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ืื™ื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื”. ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืฉืžืขืชื ืื•ืชื•.
16:41
Excellent insights into human psychology, wise advice on every page.
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ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ืขืฆื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ.
16:47
Moreover, he invites us to look under the hood.
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ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ื•ื ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื›ืกื” ื”ืžื ื•ืข.
16:50
I really appreciated that.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื–ื”.
16:51
For instance, he has an appendix where he explains
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื ื ืกืคื— ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืชื™ื•
16:54
his choice of translations of different Bible verses.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืจื’ื•ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”.
16:57
The book is clear, vivid, accessible, beautifully formatted.
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ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื—ื™, ื ื’ื™ืฉ, ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื
17:04
Just enough repetition.
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
17:06
That's really important.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
17:08
Every time you read it or say it, you make another copy in your brain.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ืืช, ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืชืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืžื•ื—.
17:13
Every time you read it or say it, you make another copy in your brain.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ืืช, ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืชืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืžื•ื—.
17:17
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
17:18
With me, everybody --
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“: ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ืืช,
17:19
(Audience and Dan Dennett) Every time you read it or say it,
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17:22
you make another copy in your brain.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืชืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืžื•ื—.
17:25
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
17:26
And now we come to my problem.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœื™.
17:28
Because I'm absolutely sincere in my appreciation
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ื—ืฉ
ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”.
17:32
of all that I said about this book.
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17:34
But I wish it were better.
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ืืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
17:36
I have some problems with the book.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”.
17:38
And it would just be insincere of me not to address those problems.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”, ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืœื”.
17:42
I wish he could do this with a revision,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžืชื•ืงื ืช,
17:46
a Mark 2 version of his book.
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ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช "ื’ื™ืจืกื” 2" ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื•.
17:50
"The truth will set you free."
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"ื”ืืžืช ืชืฉื—ืจืจ ืืชื›ื" --
17:52
That's what it says in the Bible,
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ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”,
17:54
and it's something that I want to live by, too.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื’ื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ื•.
17:57
My problem is, some of the bits in it I don't think are true.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื,
ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ืืžืช.
18:02
Now some of this is a difference of opinion.
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ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื ื ื•ืฉื ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช,
18:07
And that's not my main complaint, that's worth mentioning.
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ื•ืœื ื–ื• ืชืœื•ื ืชื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช. ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช.
ื”ื ื” ืงื˜ืข ื›ื–ื” --
18:10
Here's a passage -- it's very much what he said, anyway:
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ื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ.
18:13
"If there was no God we would all be accidents,
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"ืื ืื™ืŸ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช,
18:15
the result of astronomical random chance in the Universe.
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"ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื• ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ื.
18:18
You could stop reading this book because life would have no purpose
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"ื•ืคื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืงืจื•ื ืกืคืจ ื–ื”,
"ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ื˜ืขื ืื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
18:22
or meaning or significance.
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18:23
There would be no right or wrong
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" ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• 'ื˜ื•ื‘' ืื• 'ืจืข' ืื• ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื›ื ื”ืงืฆืจื™ื ืขืœื™-ืื“ืžื•ืช."
18:25
and no hope beyond your brief years on Earth."
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18:27
Now, I just do not believe that.
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš.
18:29
By the way, I find -- Homer Groening's film presented a beautiful alternative
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ืื’ื‘, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืกืจื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืžืจ ื’ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’
ื”ืฆื™ื’ ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืœื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.
18:35
to that very claim.
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18:37
Yes, there is meaning and a reason for right or wrong.
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ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ื˜ืขื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ืจืข.
18:41
We don't need a belief in God to be good or to have meaning in us.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช,
18:47
But that, as I said, is just a difference of opinion.
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ืืš ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ื–ื” ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช.
18:51
That's not what I'm really worried about.
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ืœื ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื“ืื™ื’ ืื•ืชื™.
18:54
How about this: "God designed this planet's environment
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ืžื” ืขื ื–ื”:
"ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”."
18:57
just so we could live in it."
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
19:00
I'm afraid that a lot of people take that sentiment to mean
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ื—ื•ืฉืฉื ื™ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื“ ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”
19:04
that we don't have to do the sorts of things
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ื›ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœื›ืš ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
19:07
that Al Gore is trying so hard to get us to do.
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ืฉืืœ ื’ื•ืจ ืžืชืืžืฅ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
19:09
I am not happy with that sentiment at all.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืžื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”.
19:12
And then I find this: "All the evidence available in the biological sciences
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ื–ื”:
"ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
19:16
supports the core proposition that the cosmos is a specially designed whole
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"ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื›ืฉืœื ืื—ื“,
19:20
with life and mankind as its fundamental goal and purpose,
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"ื›ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื•,
19:23
a whole in which all facets of reality have their meaning
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"ื›ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•
"ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื•."
19:26
and explanation in this central fact."
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19:28
Well, that's Michael Denton. He's a creationist.
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ืืœื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ื“ื ื˜ื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื‘ึผึฐืจื™ืึทืชึธืŸ.
19:31
And here, I think, "Wait a minute." I read this again.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, "ืจืง ืจื’ืข." ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ื–ืืช ืฉื•ื‘
ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
19:35
I read it three or four times and I think,
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"ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื™? ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืืชื ื•ืช?"
19:37
"Is he really endorsing Intelligent Design?
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19:39
Is he endorsing creationism here?"
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19:41
And you can't tell.
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ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช. ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื™,
19:42
So I'm sort of thinking, "Well, I don't know,
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืจื’ื– ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”."
19:45
I don't know if I want to get upset with this yet."
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19:47
But then I read on, and I read this: "First, Noah had never seen rain,
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ืืš ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื:
"ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ, ื ื•ื— ืœื ืจืื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื’ืฉื,
19:51
because prior to the Flood, God irrigated the earth from the ground up."
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"ื›ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื ื”ื’ ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื”."
19:56
I wish that sentence weren't in there, because I think it is false.
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ื—ื‘ืœ ืฉื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ืฉื,
ื›ื™ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
20:01
And I think that thinking this way about the history of the planet,
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช,
20:04
after we've just been hearing about the history of the planet
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ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื”
ืขืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
20:08
over millions of years,
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20:11
discourages people from scientific understanding.
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ืžืจืชื™ืข ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช.
20:14
Now, Rick Warren uses scientific terms
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ืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืจืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช ืœื-ืžื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข
20:21
and scientific factoids and information in a very interesting way.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืžืื“.
20:25
Here's one: "God deliberately shaped and formed you to serve him
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ืœืžืฉืœ: "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืฆื‘ ื•ื™ืฆืจ ืืชื›ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจืชื•,
20:28
in a way that makes your ministry unique.
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"ื›ืš ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืœ ืฉืœื›ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช.
20:30
He carefully mixed the DNA cocktail that created you."
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"ื”ื•ื ืจืงื— ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืืช ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื“ื "ื ืฉื‘ืจื ืืชื›ื."
20:37
I think that's false.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
20:40
Now, maybe we want to treat it as metaphorical.
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ืืš ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื™.
20:43
Here's another one: "For instance, your brain can store 100 trillion facts.
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ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“: "ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื•ื—ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ 100 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
20:47
Your mind can handle 15,000 decisions a second."
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"ืžื•ื—ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘-15,000 ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”."
20:50
Well, it would be interesting to find the interpretation
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื›ืš ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ,
20:53
where I would accept that.
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ื•ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืš ื›ืืœ ืืžืช.
20:55
There might be some way of treating that as true.
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20:58
"Anthropologists have noted that worship is a universal urge,
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"ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื’ื™ืœื• ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืœ ื”ื™ื ื“ื—ืฃ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™,
21:01
hardwired by God into the very fiber of our being --
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"ืฉื ืฆืจื‘ ืข"ื™ ื”ืืœ ืœืชื•ืš ืขืฆื ืžืืจื’ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืชื ื•,
21:04
an inbuilt need to connect with God."
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"ื›ืฆื•ืจืš ืžื•ื›ืœืœ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื."
21:08
Well, the sense of which I agree with him,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืื™ืชื•,
21:10
except I think it has an evolutionary explanation.
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ืืœื ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™.
21:12
And what I find deeply troubling in this book
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืื“ ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”
21:16
is that he seems to be arguing that if you want to be moral,
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื,
21:20
if you want to have meaning in your life,
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ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื›ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช,
21:22
you have to be an Intelligent Designer,
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ื–ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืชื‘ื•ื ื™;
21:25
you have to deny the theory of evolution by natural selection.
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืชื›ื—ืฉ ืœืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื“ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.
21:28
And I think, on the contrary,
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ:
21:30
that it is very important to solving the world's problems
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ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
21:33
that we take evolutionary biology seriously.
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ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
21:37
Whose truth are we going to listen to?
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ืœืืžืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื ืงืฉื™ื‘?
21:40
Well, this is from "The Purpose Driven Life":
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœืงื•ื— ืžื”"ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืช":
21:43
"The Bible must become the authoritative standard for my life:
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"ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™,
21:46
the compass I rely on for direction,
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"ืœืžืฆืคืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื™, ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืืฉืจ ืœื• ืืงืฉื™ื‘
21:48
the counsel I listen to for making wise decisions,
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"ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ื•ืœืืžืช-ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืคื™ื” ืืžื“ื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœ."
21:51
and the benchmark I use for evaluating everything."
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21:54
Well maybe, OK, but what's going to follow from this?
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ืื•ืœื™. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืžืฉืชืžืข ืžื–ื”?
21:58
And here's one that does concern me.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืงื˜ืข ืฉืžืžืฉ ืžื“ืื™ื’ ืื•ืชื™.
22:02
Remember I quoted him before with this line:
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ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœื•:
22:04
"Surrendered people obey God's word, even if it doesn't make sense."
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"ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื ื•ืขื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืœ, ืืฃ ืื ืื™ื ื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™."
22:10
And that's a problem.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื”.
22:14
(Sighs)
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22:15
"Don't ever argue with the Devil.
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"ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขื ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ.
22:17
He's better at arguing than you are,
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"ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืžืš ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืขืžื“ื• ืœืจืฉื•ืชื• ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ."
22:19
having had thousands of years to practice."
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22:21
Now, Rick Warren didn't invent this clever move.
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ืœื ืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืจืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืžื—ื•ื›ื ื”ื–ื”.
22:25
It's an old move.
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ื–ื”ื• ืฆืขื“ ื™ืฉืŸ ื ื•ืฉืŸ.
22:27
It's a very clever adaptation of religions.
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ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืื™ืžืฆื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคื™ืงื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”.
22:30
It's a wild card for disarming any reasonable criticism.
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ื–ื”ื• ื’'ื•ืงืจ ืฉืžื ื˜ืจืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื”:
22:35
"You don't like my interpretation?
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"ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืžื•ืฆืืช ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš?
22:37
You've got a reasonable objection to it?
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"ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืืœื™ื”?
22:39
Don't listen, don't listen!
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘! ืœื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘!
22:41
That's the Devil speaking."
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"ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžื’ืจื•ื ืš."
22:44
This discourages the sort of reasoning citizenship
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ื–ื” ืžื ื™ื ืžืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ืื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”.
22:49
it seems to me that we want to have.
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22:52
I've got one more problem, then I'm through.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ืื—ืจ ืืกื™ื™ื.
22:55
And I'd really like to get a response if Rick is able to do it.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืื ืจื™ืง ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื›ืš.
23:00
"In the Great Commission, Jesus said,
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"ื‘ื“ืจืฉื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืžืจ ื™ืฉื•: 'ืœื›ื• ื•ืขืฉื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™,
23:02
'Go to all people of all nations and make them my disciples.
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23:05
Baptize them in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit,
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"ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืื‘, ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ
"ื•ืœืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืฆื™ื•ื™ืชื™ ืืชื›ื'."
23:08
and teach them to do everything I've told you.'"
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23:10
The Bible says Jesus is the only one who can save the world.
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ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื™ืฉื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืข ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
23:14
We've seen many wonderful maps of the world in the last day or so.
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืคื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
23:19
Here's one, not as beautiful as the others;
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ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืช, ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ืคื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช.
23:21
it simply shows the religions of the world.
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ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืจืื” ืืช ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ื•ื”ื ื” ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
23:25
Here's one that shows the sort of current breakdown of the different religions.
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ื”ืื ืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•
23:32
Do we really want to commit ourselves
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23:36
to engulfing all the other religions,
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ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช,
23:41
when their holy books are telling them,
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ื›ืฉืกืคืจื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื:
23:44
"Don't listen to the other side, that's just Satan talking!"?
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"ืืœ ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™. ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžื’ืจื•ื ื!"
23:49
It seems to me that that's a very problematic ship
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ื–ื• ื ืจืื™ืช ืœื™ ืกืคื™ื ื” ืจืขื•ืขื” ืžืื“ ืœืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
23:55
to get on for the future.
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23:58
I found this sign as I was driving to Maine recently,
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืฉื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœืžื™ื™ืŸ,
24:03
in front of a church: "Good without God becomes zero."
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ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกื™ื”: "ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืคืก."
24:05
Sort of cute.
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ื—ื‘ื™ื‘. ืžึถื ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืžื—ื•ื›ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
24:07
A very clever little meme.
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24:11
I don't believe it and I think this idea, popular as it is --
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš,
ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืฉืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ --
24:17
not in this guise, but in general --
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ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื–ื”, ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœืœ --
24:19
is itself one of the main problems that we face.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื• ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
24:22
If you are like me, you know many wonderful, committed, engaged
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ืื ืืชื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื™,
ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ืงื ื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื, ืžืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื,
24:29
atheists, agnostics, who are being very good without God.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื“ ื‘ืœื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
24:35
And you also know many religious people who hide behind their sanctity
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ื•ืืชื ื’ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื“ืชื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืกืชืชืจื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื,
24:40
instead of doing good works.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
24:42
So, I wish we could drop this meme.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื–ื”.
24:46
I wish this meme would go extinct.
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื–ื” ื™ื™ื›ื—ื“.
24:48
Thanks very much for your attention.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื›ื.
24:50
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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