Tyler DeWitt: Hey science teachers -- make it fun

601,710 views ใƒป 2013-02-05

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Krystian Aparta
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:16
Let me tell you a story.
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ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
ื–ื• ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืžื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืžื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™"ืก ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
00:18
It's my first year as a new high school science teacher,
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00:21
and I'm so eager.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืื“ ื ืœื”ื‘.
00:23
I'm so excited, I'm pouring myself into my lesson plans.
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ืื ื™ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื ืจื’ืฉ, ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉืงื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ-ื›ื•ืœื™ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ.
ืืš ืื˜-ืื˜ ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื ื•ืจืื”
00:28
But I'm slowly coming to this horrifying realization
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ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
00:33
that my students just might not be learning anything.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“:
00:38
This happens one day:
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00:40
I'd just assigned my class to read this textbook chapter
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ื–ื” ืขืชื” ื”ื˜ืœืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืคืจืง ืžืกืคืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“
00:43
about my favorite subject in all of biology:
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ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื›ื™ ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”:
00:47
viruses and how they attack.
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"ื”ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืชื•ืงืคื™ื."
00:50
And so I'm so excited to discuss this with them,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืงืฆืจ-ืจื•ื— ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืื™ืชื,
ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ, "ื”ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ
00:53
and I come in and I say, "Can somebody please explain
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00:56
the main ideas and why this is so cool?"
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ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื™ื?"
ืฉืชื™ืงื”.
01:01
There's silence.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื,
01:04
Finally, my favorite student, she looks me straight in the eye,
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01:07
and she says, "The reading sucked."
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ื•ืื•ืžืจืช, "ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื” ื’ืจื•ืข."
01:10
(Laughter)
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื”: ''ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื”,
01:12
And then she clarified.
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01:14
She said, "You know what, I don't mean that it sucks.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉื–ื” ื’ืจื•ืข. ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืžื™ืœื”.
01:16
I mean I didn't understand a word of it.
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01:18
It's boring, who cares, and it sucks."
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืขืžื. ืื”... ืœืžื™ ืื›ืคืช, ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ื’ืจื•ืข''
01:22
(Laughter)
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ื—ื™ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืกื›ืžื”
01:24
These sympathetic smiles spread all throughout the room now,
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ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื• ื›ืขืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืจ,
01:29
and I realize that all of my other students are in the same boat,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืกื™ืจื”,
ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ืจืฉืžื• ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ืฉื™ื ื ื• ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“,
01:34
that maybe they took notes or memorized definitions from the textbook,
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ืืš ืืฃ ืœื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื.
01:38
but not one of them really understood the main ideas.
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01:43
Not one of them can tell me why this stuff is so cool,
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื™ื,
ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
01:46
why it's so important.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื‘ื“ ืขืฆื•ืช.
01:49
I'm totally clueless.
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01:51
I have no idea what to do next.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ืขืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
01:54
So the only thing I can think of is say,
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ืื– ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื•ื,
"ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื•. ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
01:57
"Listen. Let me tell you a story.
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02:01
The main characters in the story are bacteria and viruses.
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ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื•ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื.
02:07
These guys are blown up a couple million times.
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืืœื” ื›ืืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืคื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ.
ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
02:11
The real bacteria and viruses are so small
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ืฉืื ื• ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืชื ืœืœื ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค,
02:14
we can't see them without a microscope,
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02:16
and you guys might know bacteria and viruses
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ื•ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื— ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื
02:18
because they both make us sick.
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ื›ื™ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
02:20
But what a lot of people don't know
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื
02:22
is that viruses can also make bacteria sick."
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ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื."
02:27
Now, the story that I start telling my kids,
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ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™
02:29
it starts out like a horror story.
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ืžื”.
ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืฉืžื—.
02:34
Once upon a time, there's this happy little bacterium.
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02:37
Don't get too attached to him.
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ืืœ ืชื™ืงืฉืจื• ืืœื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™.
02:39
(Laughter)
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆืฃ ืœื›ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ
02:40
Maybe he's floating around in your stomach
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02:43
or in some spoiled food somewhere,
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ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื™ื–ื” ืžืื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืœืงืœ,
02:45
and all of a sudden, he starts to not feel so good.
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘.
02:49
Maybe he ate something bad for lunch.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื™ ืื›ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืงื•ืœืงืœ ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื,
ื•ืื– ื”ื›ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื•ื ื•ื ื•ืจื,
02:52
And then things get really horrible,
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02:54
as his skin rips apart,
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ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื• ื ืงืจืข ื•ืžืชืงืœืฃ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื’ื™ืฃ
02:56
and he sees a virus coming out from his insides.
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ืคื•ืจืฅ ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืชื•ื›ื•.
ื•ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ืจื
03:00
And then it gets horrible when he bursts open
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ื•ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื
03:04
and an army of viruses floods out from his insides.
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ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืชื•ื›ื•.
ืื-- ื ื›ื•ืŸ! ืื•ื™! --
03:09
"Ouch" is right.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง, ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
03:12
If you see this, and you're a bacterium,
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03:15
this is like your worst nightmare.
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ื–ื• ื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ืจื ืฉืœื›ื.
03:18
But if you're a virus and you see this,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื ื’ื™ืฃ, ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
ืืชื ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื,
03:21
you cross those little legs of yours and you think,
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"ืฉื™ื—ืงื ื• ืื•ืชื”."
03:24
"We rock."
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03:25
Because it took a lot of crafty work to infect this bacterium.
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ื›ื™ ื ื“ืจืฉื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืชื—ืžื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ื”ื–ื”.
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”:
03:31
Here's what had to happen.
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ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง
03:33
A virus grabbed onto a bacterium
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03:36
and it slipped its DNA into it.
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ื•ื”ื’ื ื™ื‘ ืœืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื "ื ืฉืœื•.
ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื, ื”ื“ื "ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื™ืฆืจ ื—ื•ืžืจ
03:40
The next thing is that virus DNA made stuff
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ืฉืงืฆืฅ ื•ื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื "ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง.
03:43
that chopped up the bacteria DNA.
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ืื– ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื ื• ืžื”ื“ื "ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™,
03:47
And now that we've gotten rid of the bacteria DNA,
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ื”ื“ื "ื ื”ื ื’ื™ืคื™ ืžืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืชื
03:50
the virus DNA takes control of the cell
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03:53
and it tells it to start making more viruses.
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ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืœื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขื•ื“ ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื.
03:58
Because, you see, DNA is like a blueprint
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื“ื "ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืื‘
04:01
that tells living things what to make.
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ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ.
ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืคืขืœ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
04:05
So this is kind of like going into a car factory
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04:08
and replacing the blueprints with blueprints for killer robots.
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ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืจืฆื—ื ื™ื™ื.
04:14
The workers still come the next day, they do their job,
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืžื—ืจ ืœืžืคืขืœ ื•ื™ืขืฉื• ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื,
04:17
but they're following different instructions.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืœืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
04:20
So replacing the bacteria DNA with virus DNA
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ื“ื "ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื‘ื“ื "ื ื ื’ื™ืคื™
ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ืœืžืคืขืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื--
04:24
turns the bacteria into a factory for making viruses --
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04:29
that is, until it's so filled with viruses that it bursts.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืœื ื‘ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฅ.
ืื‘ืœ ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช,
04:34
But that's not the only way that viruses infect bacteria.
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04:38
Some are much more crafty.
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ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
04:41
(Laughter)
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04:44
When a secret agent virus infects a bacterium,
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ื›ืฉื ื’ื™ืฃ ืกื•ื›ืŸ-ื—ืฉืื™ ืžื–ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง,
ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืงืฆืช ืžืœืื›ืช ืจื™ื’ื•ืœ.
04:49
they do a little espionage.
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04:51
Here, this cloaked, secret agent virus
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืกื•ื›ืŸ-ื”ื—ืฉืื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื•ื•ื” ืžื—ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื“ื "ื ืฉืœื• ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง,
04:55
is slipping his DNA into the bacterial cell,
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04:58
but here's the kicker:
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืงื˜ืข: ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื–ื™ืง-- ืœื ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
05:00
It doesn't do anything harmful -- not at first.
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05:04
Instead, it silently slips into the bacteria's own DNA,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื™ืง ื‘ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื "ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ืขืฆืžื•,
05:09
and it just stays there like a terrorist sleeper cell,
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืฉืืจ ืฉื, ื›ืžื• ืชื-ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืจื“ื•ื
05:14
waiting for instructions.
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ืฉืžืžืชื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช.
05:17
And what's interesting about this is now, whenever this bacteria has babies,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ืœื™ื“ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช,
05:23
the babies also have the virus DNA in them.
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ื”ื“ื "ื ื”ื ื’ื™ืคื™ ื ืžืฆื ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช.
ืื– ื›ืขืช ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง,
05:29
So now we have a whole extended bacteria family,
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05:32
filled with virus sleeper cells.
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ืฉืžืœืื” ื‘ืชืื™ื ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื™ื ืจื“ื•ืžื™ื.
05:36
They're just happily living together until a signal happens
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืขื“ ืฉืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืชื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื
05:41
and bam! -- all of the DNA pops out.
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ื•ื‘ื•ื! ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื "ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ.
05:45
It takes control of these cells, turns them into virus-making factories,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœืžืคืขืœื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื,
05:49
and they all burst,
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฆื™ื,
05:51
a huge, extended bacteria family,
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ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ื•ืขื ืงื™ืช,
05:53
all dying with viruses spilling out of their guts,
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื’ื•ื•ืขื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงืจื‘ื™ื™ื,
05:56
the viruses taking over the bacterium.
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ื”ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ืžืฉืชืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื.
06:01
So now you understand how viruses can attack cells.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืš ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ืชื•ืงืคื™ื ืชืื™ื.
ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื: ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื”ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช,
06:06
There are two ways:
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06:07
On the left is what we call the lytic way,
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06:10
where the viruses go right in and take over the cells.
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ ืžืฉืชืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืื™ื.
06:14
On the [right] is the lysogenic way
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ื•ื–ื• ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืœื™ื–ื•ื’ื ื™ืช
06:17
that uses secret agent viruses.
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ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœื” ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ืกื•ื›ื ื™ื-ื—ืฉืื™ื™ื.
ืื– ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืงืฉื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
06:21
So this stuff is not that hard, right?
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06:23
And now all of you understand it.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื”ื‘ื ืชื ืื•ืชื•.
06:25
But if you've graduated from high school,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืกื™ื™ืžืชื ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
06:27
I can almost guarantee you've seen this information before.
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ืื ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืคื’ืฉืชื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”.
06:30
But I bet it was presented in a way that it didn't exactly stick in your mind.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืฆื’ ืœื›ื
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ืžืžืฉ ื ืฉืืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ืจืืฉ.
06:37
So when my students were first learning this,
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ืื– ื›ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื”,
06:40
why did they hate it so much?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืฉื ืื• ืืช ื–ื”?
ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
06:43
Well, there were a couple of reasons.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื›ื ืฉื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื
06:45
First of all, I can guarantee you
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06:47
you that their textbooks didn't have secret agent viruses,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ืกื•ื›ื ื™ื-ื—ืฉืื™ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืœื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืื™ืžื”.
06:50
and they didn't have horror stories.
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06:53
You know, in the communication of science,
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ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื™
06:56
there is this obsession with seriousness.
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ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ืช.
07:00
It kills me. I'm not kidding.
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืจื’ ืื•ืชื™. ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชืœื•ืฆืฅ.
07:02
I used to work for an educational publisher,
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ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืคืขื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•"ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“,
ื•ื›ืกื•ืคืจ, ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
07:05
and as a writer, I was always told never to use stories
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07:08
or fun, engaging language,
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ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื›ื™ืคื™ืช ื•ืงืœื”,
07:10
because then my work might not be viewed as "serious" and "scientific."
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ื›ื™ ืื– ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘
"ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช" ื•"ืžื“ืขื™ืช".
ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื›ื™ ื—ืก ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื™ื”ื ื”
07:16
I mean, because God forbid somebody have fun
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ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื“ืข.
07:19
when they're learning science.
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07:20
So we have this field of science that's all about slime
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžื“ืข ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืจื™ืจ
07:25
and color changes.
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ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื‘ืข. ืจืื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื.
07:28
Check this out.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื›ืœ ืžื“ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”,
07:39
And then we have, of course, as any good scientist has to have ...
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ืคื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื!
07:44
explosions!
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07:47
But if a textbook seems too much fun,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ืจืื” ืฉืกืคืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื™ ืžื“ื™,
07:51
it's somehow unscientific.
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ื–ื” ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื“ืขื™.
07:55
Now another problem
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ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ืชื”
07:58
was that the language in their textbook was truly incomprehensible.
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ืฉื”ืฉืคื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื•ื‘ื ืช.
08:04
If we want to summarize that story that I told you earlier,
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ืื ื ืจืฆื” ืœืกื›ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืงื•ื“ื,
08:07
we could start by saying,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื’ื•ืŸ,
"ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื
08:09
"These viruses make copies of themselves
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08:11
by slipping their DNA into a bacterium."
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื "ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง."
ื‘ืกืคืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ื›ื”:
08:14
The way this showed up in the textbook, it looked like this:
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08:17
"Bacteriophage replication is initiated
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"ืฉื›ืคื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืคืื’' ืžื•ืคืขืœ
08:20
through the introduction of viral nucleic acid into a bacterium."
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืจืช ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ื ื’ื™ืคื™ืช
ืœืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง."
08:26
That's great, perfect for 13-year-olds.
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ื ื”ื“ืจ. ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ 13.
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
08:31
But here's the thing:
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08:32
There are plenty of people in science education
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ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ืฉื™ืขื™ืคื• ื‘ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™
08:35
who would look at this and say there's no way
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื,
08:37
that we could ever give that to students,
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08:39
because it contains some language that isn't completely accurate.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื— ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.
08:44
For example, I told you that viruses have DNA.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืฉืœื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ื™ืฉ ื“ื "ื.
08:47
Well, a very tiny fraction of them don't.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื—ืœืง ื–ืขื™ืจ ืžื”ื ืื™ืŸ.
08:50
They have something called RNA instead.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืจื•ื™ ืจื "ื.
08:52
So a professional science writer would say, "That has to go.
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ืื– ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื™ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ
ื•ื™ืืžืจ, "ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืืช ื–ื”.
08:56
We have to change it to something much more technical."
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื›ื ื™."
08:58
And after a team of professional science editors
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื
ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืžืื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื”,
09:01
went over this really simple explanation,
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ื”ื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™,
09:05
they'd find fault with almost every word I've used,
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09:09
and they'd have to change anything that wasn't serious enough,
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ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง,
ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื”
09:12
and they'd have to change everything
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ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืื” ืื—ื•ื–.
09:14
that wasn't 100 percent perfect.
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09:17
Then it would be accurate,
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ื•ืื– ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืง,
09:19
but it would be completely impossible to understand.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
09:24
This is horrifying.
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœ.
09:26
You know, I keep talking about this idea of telling a story,
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
ืฉืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
09:31
and it's like science communication has taken on this idea
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ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื”ืคื›ื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
09:36
of what I call the tyranny of precision,
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” "ืขืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง",
09:39
where you can't just tell a story.
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ื•ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
09:41
It's like science has become that horrible storyteller that we all know
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ื”ืคืš ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื•ื ื•ื ื•ืจื
ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•, ื•ืฉืžืกืคืง ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืฉ,
09:47
who gives us all the details nobody cares about,
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09:49
where you're like, "Oh, I met my friend for lunch the other day,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, "ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื,
09:53
and she was wearing these ugly jeans.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ื’'ื™ื ืก ืžื›ื•ืขืจื™ื.
09:55
I mean, they weren't really jeans, they were more like leggings,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื’'ื™ื ืก. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืชืœื•ืช,
ื›ืื™ืœื•, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืฅ' ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ืœื’'ื™ื ืก,
09:58
but I guess they're actually kind of more like jeggings,
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ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ืœื™--" ื•ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘, "ื ื•, ื‘ืืžืช!
10:01
and you're just like, "Oh my God. What is the point?"
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ืžื” ื”ืคื•ืื ื˜ื”?"
ื•ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื–ื”, ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ืขืฉื”
10:06
Or even worse, science education is becoming
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ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจ, "ืœืžืขืฉื”,"
10:10
like that guy who always says, "Actually."
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10:13
You want to be like,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ืืชื” ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: "ืฉืžืข,
10:15
"Oh, dude, we had to get up in the middle of the night
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ื ืืœืฆื ื• ืœืงื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื”
ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ 150 ืง"ืž ื‘ื—ืฉื›ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”."
10:19
and drive a hundred miles in total darkness."
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10:21
And that guy's like, "Actually, it was 87.3 miles."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, "ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” 140.7 ืง"ืž."
10:26
And you're like, "Actually, shut up! I'm just trying to tell a story."
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ื•ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ, "ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืกืชื•ื ืืช ื”ืคื”!
ืื ื™ ืจืง ืžื ืกื” ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ."
ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืงืฉืจ ืจื’ืฉื™.
10:33
Because good storytelling is all about emotional connection.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื ื•
10:39
We have to convince our audience
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10:41
that what we're talking about matters.
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ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
10:44
But just as important is knowing which details we should leave out
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”-ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช
ืื™ืœื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื˜
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
10:50
so that the main point still comes across.
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10:53
I'm reminded of what the architect Mies van der Rohe said,
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ืื ื™ ื ื–ื›ืจ ืžื” ืืžืจ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžื™ืก ื•ืŸ ื“ืจ ืจื•ื”ื”,
10:56
and I paraphrase, when he said that sometimes,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืคืจืคืจื–ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื›ืฉืืžืจ ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื
10:59
you have to lie in order to tell the truth.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืงืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืช.
11:03
I think this sentiment is particularly relevant to science education.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžื“ืขื™.
ื•ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘,
11:10
Now, finally, I am often so disappointed
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžืชืื›ื–ื‘
ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื“
11:17
when people think that I'm advocating a dumbing down of science.
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ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืข.
ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
11:22
That's not true at all.
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11:23
I'm currently a Ph.D. student at MIT,
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก,
11:26
and I absolutely understand the importance of detailed,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื”
11:31
specific scientific communication between experts,
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ืฉืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื“ืขื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื,
11:36
but not when we're trying to teach 13-year-olds.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืœืžื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 13.
ืื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ื™ืฉ ื“ื "ื,
11:41
If a young learner thinks that all viruses have DNA,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื• ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ื.
11:46
that's not going to ruin their chances of success in science.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืžื“ืข
11:51
But if a young learner can't understand anything in science
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11:55
and learns to hate it because it all sounds like this,
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ื•ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืฉื ื•ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื ืฉืžืข ืœื• ื›ื›ื”,
11:59
that will ruin their chances of success.
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ื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื• ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—.
ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืคืกืง,
12:04
This needs to stop ...
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช
12:06
and I wish that the change could come from the institutions at the top
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ืฉื‘ืฆืžืจืช, ืฉืžื ืฆื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืœื”,
12:10
that are perpetuating these problems,
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12:11
and I beg them, I beseech them to just stop it.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื, ืื ื™ ืžืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืขืฆืจื• ืืช ื–ื”.
ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”.
12:16
But I think that's unlikely.
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12:18
So we are so lucky that we have resources
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ื‘ืจื™-ืžื–ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
ื›ืžื• ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืชื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
12:22
like the Internet, where we can circumvent these institutions
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12:25
from the bottom up.
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ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื”.
12:28
There's a growing number of online resources
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ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื
12:31
that are dedicated to just explaining science
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ืฉืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื”ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื“ืข
ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช.
12:35
in simple, understandable ways.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื“ืžื•ื™ "ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”", ืฉื™ืกื‘ื™ืจ
12:38
I dream of a Wikipedia-like website
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12:40
that would explain any scientific concept you can think of
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ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื“ืขื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช
ื‘ืฉืคื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืฉื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช-ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ.
12:44
in simple language any middle schooler can understand.
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12:48
And I myself spend most of my free time
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืคื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื™
ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื•ืžืขืœื” ืื•ืชื ืœ"ื™ื•-ื˜ื™ื•ื‘".
12:52
making these science videos that I put on YouTube.
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12:55
I explain chemical equilibrium
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ืื ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™-ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช
12:58
using analogies to awkward middle school dances,
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ืžืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื,
13:01
and I talk about fuel cells
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชืื™ ื“ืœืง ื“ืจืš ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
13:03
with stories about boys and girls at a summer camp.
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ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืงื™ืฅ.
13:07
The feedback that I get is sometimes misspelled
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื‘ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘
13:10
and it's often written in LOLcats,
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ื•ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื’ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
13:13
(Laughter)
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช,
13:14
but nonetheless, it's so appreciative, so thankful
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ื”ื ื›ื” ืžืœืื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื•ืชื•ื“ื”,
13:20
that I know this is the right way we should be communicating science.
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ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”
ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืžื“ืข.
13:27
There's still so much work left to be done, though,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื”,
13:30
and if you're involved with science in any way,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ืžื“ืข,
13:33
I urge you to join me.
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ืื ื™ ื“ื•ื—ืง ื‘ื›ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™.
13:36
Pick up a camera, start to write a blog, whatever,
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ืงื—ื• ืžืฆืœืžื”, ืชืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื•ื’, ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื,
13:41
but leave out the seriousness, leave out the jargon.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช, ืขื™ื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืขื’ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช.
13:45
Make me laugh. Make me care.
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ื”ืฆื—ื™ืงื• ืื•ืชื™. ืขืฉื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืื™ื›ืคืช.
13:48
Leave out those annoying details that nobody cares about
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ื“ืœื’ื• ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืฉ
13:52
and just get to the point.
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืขื™ืงืจ.
13:56
How should you start?
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ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ?
13:58
Why don't you say, "Listen, let me tell you a story."
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ืœืžื” ืœื ื›ืš: "ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื•, ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ"?
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
14:03
Thank you.
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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