Tyler DeWitt: Hey science teachers -- make it fun

600,383 views ใƒป 2013-02-05

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Krystian Aparta
0
0
7000
๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Keewoo Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Surie Lee
00:16
Let me tell you a story.
1
16220
1436
์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ž„ํ•œ ์ฒซ ํ•ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
It's my first year as a new high school science teacher,
2
18228
3747
00:21
and I'm so eager.
3
21999
1296
์ €๋Š” ์—ด์ •์— ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ ,
00:23
I'm so excited, I'm pouring myself into my lesson plans.
4
23787
4008
๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฅ๋ถ„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์—… ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ ์  ๋”์งํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:28
But I'm slowly coming to this horrifying realization
5
28953
4833
์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ• ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
that my students just might not be learning anything.
6
33810
3531
์–ด๋Š ๋‚ ์˜ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:38
This happens one day:
7
38865
1707
00:40
I'd just assigned my class to read this textbook chapter
8
40596
3134
ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์›์„ ์ฝ์–ด์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
about my favorite subject in all of biology:
9
43754
3050
์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ
00:47
viruses and how they attack.
10
47495
2682
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:50
And so I'm so excited to discuss this with them,
11
50987
2328
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋“ค๋– ์„œ
์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ž๋งˆ์ž ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€
00:53
and I come in and I say, "Can somebody please explain
12
53339
3347
00:56
the main ideas and why this is so cool?"
13
56710
3095
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ‹์ง„์ง€ ๋งํ•ด๋ณผ๋ž˜?"
์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
01:01
There's silence.
14
61072
1175
๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ œ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋˜‘๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ ์„ ,
01:04
Finally, my favorite student, she looks me straight in the eye,
15
64612
2960
01:07
and she says, "The reading sucked."
16
67596
2548
"๋”๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”" ๋ผ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
01:10
(Laughter)
17
70517
1452
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”, "์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
01:12
And then she clarified.
18
72785
1295
01:14
She said, "You know what, I don't mean that it sucks.
19
74104
2499
๋”๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์—†์—ˆ๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”. ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ๋„ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:16
I mean I didn't understand a word of it.
20
76627
2038
01:18
It's boring, who cares, and it sucks."
21
78689
3563
์ง€๋ฃจํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์–ด์จ‹๋“  ๋”๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”."
01:22
(Laughter)
22
82713
1856
์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๋™์ •์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋“ค์ด
01:24
These sympathetic smiles spread all throughout the room now,
23
84593
4866
๊ต์‹ค ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ํผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
and I realize that all of my other students are in the same boat,
24
89483
4809
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์–ด์š”,
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ ํ•„๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์˜๋“ค๋„ ์•”๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:34
that maybe they took notes or memorized definitions from the textbook,
25
94316
3888
๋‹จ ํ•œ๋ช…๋„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„์š”,
01:38
but not one of them really understood the main ideas.
26
98228
5079
01:43
Not one of them can tell me why this stuff is so cool,
27
103331
2650
๋‹จ ํ•œ๋ช…๋„ ์™œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:46
why it's so important.
28
106005
1333
์–ด์ฐŒํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
01:49
I'm totally clueless.
29
109497
1920
01:51
I have no idea what to do next.
30
111441
2595
๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฐ์ด ์•ˆ ์™”์–ด์š”
01:54
So the only thing I can think of is say,
31
114711
2912
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
"์ž, ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค์ค„๊ฒŒ์š”
01:57
"Listen. Let me tell you a story.
32
117647
2690
02:01
The main characters in the story are bacteria and viruses.
33
121566
6025
์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์—์š”.
02:07
These guys are blown up a couple million times.
34
127615
2802
์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ 200๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ 
์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์•„์„œ
02:11
The real bacteria and viruses are so small
35
131091
3142
ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์—†์ด๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
02:14
we can't see them without a microscope,
36
134257
2254
02:16
and you guys might know bacteria and viruses
37
136535
2110
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
02:18
because they both make us sick.
38
138669
1564
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:20
But what a lot of people don't know
39
140796
1896
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
is that viruses can also make bacteria sick."
40
142716
3762
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋„ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”."
02:27
Now, the story that I start telling my kids,
41
147319
2476
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
02:29
it starts out like a horror story.
42
149819
3087
๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•„์ฃผ ๋จผ ์˜›๋‚ , ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•˜์–ด์š”.
02:34
Once upon a time, there's this happy little bacterium.
43
154147
2993
02:37
Don't get too attached to him.
44
157750
1467
๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
02:39
(Laughter)
45
159241
1692
์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์žฅ์„ ๋– ๋Œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:40
Maybe he's floating around in your stomach
46
160957
2666
02:43
or in some spoiled food somewhere,
47
163647
2174
์ƒํ•œ ์Œ์‹ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:45
and all of a sudden, he starts to not feel so good.
48
165845
3604
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ชธ์ด ์•ˆ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:49
Maybe he ate something bad for lunch.
49
169473
2578
์•„๋งˆ ์ ์‹ฌ์— ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜๋ด์š”.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
And then things get really horrible,
50
172075
2539
02:54
as his skin rips apart,
51
174638
1597
๊ทธ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ—๊ฒจ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ ,
02:56
and he sees a virus coming out from his insides.
52
176259
3494
๋ชธ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:00
And then it gets horrible when he bursts open
53
180765
3546
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ„ฐ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋Œ€๊ฐ€
03:04
and an army of viruses floods out from his insides.
54
184335
3723
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋„˜์ณ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งŒ์•ฝ -- ๋งž์•„์š”, "์•„์•ผ" --
03:09
"Ouch" is right.
55
189896
1937
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ผ๋ฉด
03:12
If you see this, and you're a bacterium,
56
192903
2524
03:15
this is like your worst nightmare.
57
195451
2814
์ด๊ฑด ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์•…๋ชฝ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ ,
03:18
But if you're a virus and you see this,
58
198673
2356
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ด๊ณ , ์ด ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์งง์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ผฌ๋ฉฐ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ 
03:21
you cross those little legs of yours and you think,
59
201053
3016
"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์•ผ"
03:24
"We rock."
60
204093
1507
03:25
Because it took a lot of crafty work to infect this bacterium.
61
205989
4357
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘์—…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:31
Here's what had to happen.
62
211430
1246
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ผํƒ€์„œ๋Š”
03:33
A virus grabbed onto a bacterium
63
213247
3182
03:36
and it slipped its DNA into it.
64
216453
2508
์ž์‹ ์˜ DNA๋ฅผ ์Šฌ์ฉ ์ง‘์–ด ๋„ฃ์ฃ .
๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ DNA๋Š”
03:40
The next thing is that virus DNA made stuff
65
220063
3357
๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ DNA๋ฅผ ์ž˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ˆด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
03:43
that chopped up the bacteria DNA.
66
223444
2984
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ DNA๋ฅผ ํ•ด์น˜์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
And now that we've gotten rid of the bacteria DNA,
67
227705
2436
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค DNA๊ฐ€ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:50
the virus DNA takes control of the cell
68
230165
3805
03:53
and it tells it to start making more viruses.
69
233994
3476
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ DNA๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:58
Because, you see, DNA is like a blueprint
70
238613
3182
DNA๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
04:01
that tells living things what to make.
71
241819
2349
์ฒญ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๊ณต์žฅ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ
04:05
So this is kind of like going into a car factory
72
245423
3380
04:08
and replacing the blueprints with blueprints for killer robots.
73
248827
4952
์‚ด์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ฒญ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
04:14
The workers still come the next day, they do their job,
74
254525
2944
์ž‘์—…์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚ ์— ์™€์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
but they're following different instructions.
75
257493
2563
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์นจ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:20
So replacing the bacteria DNA with virus DNA
76
260784
3753
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ DNA ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ DNA๋ฅผ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
04:24
turns the bacteria into a factory for making viruses --
77
264561
4822
04:29
that is, until it's so filled with viruses that it bursts.
78
269407
3754
์ฆ‰, ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ์„œ ํ„ฐ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
But that's not the only way that viruses infect bacteria.
79
274156
3380
04:38
Some are much more crafty.
80
278085
3458
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ตํ™œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
(Laughter)
81
281567
1150
04:44
When a secret agent virus infects a bacterium,
82
284251
4785
๋น„๋ฐ€ ์š”์› ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ,
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘์€ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ด ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
they do a little espionage.
83
289060
1762
04:51
Here, this cloaked, secret agent virus
84
291495
4101
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋ณ€์žฅํ•œ ๋น„๋ฐ€ ์š”์› ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์„ธํฌ์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ DNA๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:55
is slipping his DNA into the bacterial cell,
85
295620
2763
04:58
but here's the kicker:
86
298407
1595
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š” -- ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:00
It doesn't do anything harmful -- not at first.
87
300026
3873
05:04
Instead, it silently slips into the bacteria's own DNA,
88
304303
5555
๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ DNA๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ฃ .
05:09
and it just stays there like a terrorist sleeper cell,
89
309882
4698
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์š”. ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ž ๋ณตํ•ด์žˆ๋Š” ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
05:14
waiting for instructions.
90
314604
2124
์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
05:17
And what's interesting about this is now, whenever this bacteria has babies,
91
317474
5698
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๋•Œ์—
05:23
the babies also have the virus DNA in them.
92
323196
5119
์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค DNA๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
05:29
So now we have a whole extended bacteria family,
93
329013
3833
05:32
filled with virus sleeper cells.
94
332870
2801
์ž ์ž๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง€๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:36
They're just happily living together until a signal happens
95
336366
4745
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์ € ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”์š”.
05:41
and bam! -- all of the DNA pops out.
96
341135
4444
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์„  -- ๋นต! -- ๋ชจ๋“  DNA๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ํŠ€์–ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
It takes control of these cells, turns them into virus-making factories,
97
345603
3642
DNA๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ณต์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
05:49
and they all burst,
98
349269
1792
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
a huge, extended bacteria family,
99
351085
2698
ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€
05:53
all dying with viruses spilling out of their guts,
100
353807
3121
๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ด์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋“ค์„ ์Ÿ์•„๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ฃฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
the viruses taking over the bacterium.
101
356952
2992
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ํƒˆ์ทจํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:01
So now you understand how viruses can attack cells.
102
361920
3571
์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์ฃ  ์™ผ์ชฝ์€ ์šฉ๊ท ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
There are two ways:
103
366015
1604
06:07
On the left is what we call the lytic way,
104
367643
2959
06:10
where the viruses go right in and take over the cells.
105
370626
3309
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
06:14
On the [right] is the lysogenic way
106
374538
3071
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์€ ์šฉ์›์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
that uses secret agent viruses.
107
377633
2388
๋น„๋ฐ€ ์š”์› ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ ?
06:21
So this stuff is not that hard, right?
108
381204
2254
06:23
And now all of you understand it.
109
383482
1999
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:25
But if you've graduated from high school,
110
385505
1991
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:27
I can almost guarantee you've seen this information before.
111
387520
2786
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„๋ช… ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
06:30
But I bet it was presented in a way that it didn't exactly stick in your mind.
112
390806
5007
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์› ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
So when my students were first learning this,
113
397379
3468
์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ์—๋Š”
06:40
why did they hate it so much?
114
400871
1738
์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
์ž, ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:43
Well, there were a couple of reasons.
115
403212
2134
๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ €, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋Š”
06:45
First of all, I can guarantee you
116
405370
2151
06:47
you that their textbooks didn't have secret agent viruses,
117
407545
3382
๋น„๋ฐ€ ์š”์› ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋„, ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ์—†์–ด์š”.
06:50
and they didn't have horror stories.
118
410951
2466
06:53
You know, in the communication of science,
119
413940
2706
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š”
06:56
there is this obsession with seriousness.
120
416670
4024
์ง„์ง€ํ•จ์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
It kills me. I'm not kidding.
121
420718
2102
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†๋‹ด์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
07:02
I used to work for an educational publisher,
122
422844
2229
์ „์— ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์ €์ž๋กœ ์ผํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๋ง์„
07:05
and as a writer, I was always told never to use stories
123
425097
3659
07:08
or fun, engaging language,
124
428780
1888
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋‹น๋ถ€๋ฐ›์•˜์ฃ .
07:10
because then my work might not be viewed as "serious" and "scientific."
125
430692
4968
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด
"์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ" ํ˜น์€ "๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ" ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งž์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ํ•˜๋Š๋‹˜์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
I mean, because God forbid somebody have fun
126
436108
3071
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:19
when they're learning science.
127
439203
1768
07:20
So we have this field of science that's all about slime
128
440995
4838
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ต๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
07:25
and color changes.
129
445857
2343
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”. ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:28
Check this out.
130
448224
1204
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:39
And then we have, of course, as any good scientist has to have ...
131
459756
3761
ํญ๋ฐœ!
07:44
explosions!
132
464375
1357
07:47
But if a textbook seems too much fun,
133
467163
4666
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด,
07:51
it's somehow unscientific.
134
471853
2596
์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋น„๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
Now another problem
135
475771
2803
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
07:58
was that the language in their textbook was truly incomprehensible.
136
478598
5832
๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์— ์“ฐ์ธ ๋ง๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
08:04
If we want to summarize that story that I told you earlier,
137
484978
2785
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:07
we could start by saying,
138
487787
1286
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋“ค์€ DNA๋ฅผ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์—
08:09
"These viruses make copies of themselves
139
489097
2142
08:11
by slipping their DNA into a bacterium."
140
491263
2334
์ฃผ์ž…์‹œ์ผœ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค."
๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
The way this showed up in the textbook, it looked like this:
141
494263
3341
08:17
"Bacteriophage replication is initiated
142
497628
3214
"์‚ด๊ท  ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ œ๋Š”
08:20
through the introduction of viral nucleic acid into a bacterium."
143
500866
4642
๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•ต์‚ฐ์ด ์ฃผ์ž…๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค"
08:26
That's great, perfect for 13-year-olds.
144
506225
4071
13์‚ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ ์ข‹์€ ์„ค๋ช… ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ฃ ?
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณ„์˜
08:31
But here's the thing:
145
511312
1181
08:32
There are plenty of people in science education
146
512517
2550
๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
08:35
who would look at this and say there's no way
147
515091
2156
์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:37
that we could ever give that to students,
148
517271
2417
08:39
because it contains some language that isn't completely accurate.
149
519712
4452
ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
08:44
For example, I told you that viruses have DNA.
150
524926
2833
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ DNA๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
Well, a very tiny fraction of them don't.
151
527783
2603
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
They have something called RNA instead.
152
530410
1944
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— RNA๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:52
So a professional science writer would say, "That has to go.
153
532725
3302
์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋™๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์น˜๊ณ 
๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ , "์ด๊ฑด ์ข€ ์†๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ"
08:56
We have to change it to something much more technical."
154
536051
2590
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด"
08:58
And after a team of professional science editors
155
538665
2728
๊ณผํ•™ ์„œ์  ํŽธ์ง‘์ž๋“ค์ด
์ด ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋‹ค ์ฝ์€ ํ›„์—๋Š”
09:01
went over this really simple explanation,
156
541417
3809
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
they'd find fault with almost every word I've used,
157
545250
4404
09:09
and they'd have to change anything that wasn't serious enough,
158
549678
2905
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  100% ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
09:12
and they'd have to change everything
159
552607
1715
๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
that wasn't 100 percent perfect.
160
554346
2482
09:17
Then it would be accurate,
161
557804
1864
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ •ํ™•ํ•ด์ง€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:19
but it would be completely impossible to understand.
162
559692
4373
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ง๋“ค์ด ๋ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
09:24
This is horrifying.
163
564565
1698
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ๋”์ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
You know, I keep talking about this idea of telling a story,
164
566813
4869
์ €๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด์™”์ง€๋งŒ,
09:31
and it's like science communication has taken on this idea
165
571706
4571
๊ณผํ•™์  ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์–ต์••ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
of what I call the tyranny of precision,
166
576301
3055
์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์˜ ์–ต์••"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃ .
09:39
where you can't just tell a story.
167
579380
2131
๋งˆ์Œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
09:41
It's like science has become that horrible storyteller that we all know
168
581535
5618
๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ๋”์ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ์ž๋ž€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊พผ์ด ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊พผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
who gives us all the details nobody cares about,
169
587177
2595
09:49
where you're like, "Oh, I met my friend for lunch the other day,
170
589796
3825
๋งˆ์น˜ "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ž‘ ์ ์‹ฌ์— ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:53
and she was wearing these ugly jeans.
171
593645
1793
๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์˜ˆ์˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด.
09:55
I mean, they weren't really jeans, they were more like leggings,
172
595462
3000
์•„ ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด. ์Œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ ˆ๊น…์Šค ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ์–ด,
์Œ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์ œ๊น…์Šค ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์–ด.
09:58
but I guess they're actually kind of more like jeggings,
173
598486
2634
์•„ ๊ทผ๋ฐ......" ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌ๊ฒ ์ฃ , "์•„ ์ œ๋ฐœ!
10:01
and you're just like, "Oh my God. What is the point?"
174
601144
4313
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ญ˜ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๊ฑด๋ฐ?"
๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์œก์ด
10:06
Or even worse, science education is becoming
175
606036
3960
๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
like that guy who always says, "Actually."
176
610020
3000
10:13
You want to be like,
177
613995
1856
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:15
"Oh, dude, we had to get up in the middle of the night
178
615875
3111
"์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ํ•œ๋ฐค์ค‘์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
์น ํ‘๊ฐ™์€ ์–ด๋‘ ์—์„œ 160 ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์šด์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ง€.. "
10:19
and drive a hundred miles in total darkness."
179
619010
2682
10:21
And that guy's like, "Actually, it was 87.3 miles."
180
621716
4658
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€, "์‚ฌ์‹ค, 81.3 ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์—ˆ์–ด"
10:26
And you're like, "Actually, shut up! I'm just trying to tell a story."
181
626398
4365
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ "์ž…๋‹ฅ์ณ!
๋‚œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ž–์•„." ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
์ข‹์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์ • ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:33
Because good storytelling is all about emotional connection.
182
633731
4809
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ์ค‘์„ ๋ชฐ์ž…์‹œ์ผœ์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
We have to convince our audience
183
639270
2527
10:41
that what we're talking about matters.
184
641821
2261
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:44
But just as important is knowing which details we should leave out
185
644805
5231
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„,
์š”์ ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
so that the main point still comes across.
186
650060
2630
10:53
I'm reminded of what the architect Mies van der Rohe said,
187
653539
2983
๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์Šค ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ ๋กœ์—(Mies van der Rohe)๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ง์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”.
10:56
and I paraphrase, when he said that sometimes,
188
656546
3365
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ "๊ฐ€๋” ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
10:59
you have to lie in order to tell the truth.
189
659935
2928
๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
11:03
I think this sentiment is particularly relevant to science education.
190
663498
4515
์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ง์ด ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ
๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
11:10
Now, finally, I am often so disappointed
191
670212
6766
์ €๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์‹ค๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„
11:17
when people think that I'm advocating a dumbing down of science.
192
677002
4547
๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•ž์žฅ ์„ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ „ํ˜€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
11:22
That's not true at all.
193
682208
1150
11:23
I'm currently a Ph.D. student at MIT,
194
683906
2777
์ €๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ MIT์—์„œ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
11:26
and I absolutely understand the importance of detailed,
195
686707
4982
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ
11:31
specific scientific communication between experts,
196
691713
4869
์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™ ์šฉ์–ด๋“ค์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
but not when we're trying to teach 13-year-olds.
197
696606
3428
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 13์‚ด ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์• ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ DNA๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
11:41
If a young learner thinks that all viruses have DNA,
198
701116
5072
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผํ•™์  ์„ฑ์ทจ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
that's not going to ruin their chances of success in science.
199
706212
4030
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
11:51
But if a young learner can't understand anything in science
200
711726
3555
11:55
and learns to hate it because it all sounds like this,
201
715305
3935
๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ค๋ช…์ด๋ผ์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:59
that will ruin their chances of success.
202
719264
2969
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์„ฑ์ทจ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
This needs to stop ...
203
724025
1306
์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์™”์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
and I wish that the change could come from the institutions at the top
204
726378
3794
์•ž์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์˜์†์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
12:10
that are perpetuating these problems,
205
730196
1762
12:11
and I beg them, I beseech them to just stop it.
206
731982
3420
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์• ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋ฐœ ๊ทธ๋งŒํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฒญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์•„์š”.
12:16
But I think that's unlikely.
207
736788
1505
12:18
So we are so lucky that we have resources
208
738769
3539
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ”ผํ•ด ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
12:22
like the Internet, where we can circumvent these institutions
209
742332
3134
12:25
from the bottom up.
210
745490
2056
์ฐธ ๋‹คํ–‰์ด์—์š”.
12:28
There's a growing number of online resources
211
748853
2888
๊ณผํ•™์„ ์ดํ•ด์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๋Š”
12:31
that are dedicated to just explaining science
212
751765
3302
์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ์ ์  ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
12:35
in simple, understandable ways.
213
755091
2666
์ €๋Š” ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฟˆ๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
I dream of a Wikipedia-like website
214
758194
2356
12:40
that would explain any scientific concept you can think of
215
760574
3699
์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‰ฌ์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ
์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™์ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋†“์€ ๊ณณ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
12:44
in simple language any middle schooler can understand.
216
764297
3611
12:48
And I myself spend most of my free time
217
768781
3444
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ € ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž์œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
์œ ํˆฌ๋ธŒ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃ .
12:52
making these science videos that I put on YouTube.
218
772249
3103
12:55
I explain chemical equilibrium
219
775873
2210
ํ™”ํ•™ ํ‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„
12:58
using analogies to awkward middle school dances,
220
778107
3480
์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ถค์— ๋น„์œ ํ•ด์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:01
and I talk about fuel cells
221
781611
1706
์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ์บ ํ”„์—์„œ์˜ ๋‚จ์ž์™€ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ
13:03
with stories about boys and girls at a summer camp.
222
783341
3103
์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ „์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
The feedback that I get is sometimes misspelled
223
787506
3404
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋งž์ถค๋ฒ•์ด ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:10
and it's often written in LOLcats,
224
790934
2143
์ข…์ข… ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์†์–ด๋กœ ์ ํ˜€์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ 
13:13
(Laughter)
225
793101
1214
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
13:14
but nonetheless, it's so appreciative, so thankful
226
794339
5920
๊ณผํ•™์„ ์†Œํ†ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด,
13:20
that I know this is the right way we should be communicating science.
227
800283
6222
์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ธธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ณ ๋ง™๊ณ , ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
There's still so much work left to be done, though,
228
807333
3047
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์•„์ง๋„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
and if you're involved with science in any way,
229
810404
3238
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:33
I urge you to join me.
230
813666
2269
์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ถŒ์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
Pick up a camera, start to write a blog, whatever,
231
816356
5360
์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๊ณ , ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์— ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
but leave out the seriousness, leave out the jargon.
232
821740
3428
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง„์ง€ํ•จ์€ ๋˜์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”. ์ „๋ฌธ ์šฉ์–ด๋„ ๋˜์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”.
13:45
Make me laugh. Make me care.
233
825589
3371
์›ƒ๊ฒŒํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
13:48
Leave out those annoying details that nobody cares about
234
828984
3555
์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ๋˜์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”.
13:52
and just get to the point.
235
832563
2349
ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:56
How should you start?
236
836309
1183
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
13:58
Why don't you say, "Listen, let me tell you a story."
237
838174
3712
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋งํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š” "์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด์š”."
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
Thank you.
238
843323
1151
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7