CERN's supercollider | Brian Cox

Prevoditelj: Sonja Žarić Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

This is the Large Hadron Collider.

Ovo je Veliki hadronski sudarač.

It's 27 kilometers in circumference.

Ima 27 kilometara u opsegu.

It's the biggest scientific experiment ever attempted.

To je najveći znanstveni eksperiment ikad pokušan.

Over 10,000 physicists and engineers

Preko 10 000 fizičara i inženjera

from 85 countries around the world

iz 85 država diljem svijeta

have come together over several decades

su se okupili tijekom nekoliko desetljeća

to build this machine.

da bi izgradili ovaj stroj.

What we do is we accelerate protons --

Ono što radimo je da ubrzavamo protone --

so, hydrogen nuclei --

što znači, jezgre vodika --

around 99.999999

na brzinu od 99.999999

percent the speed of light.

posto brzine svjetlosti.

Right? At that speed, they go around

Dobro? Pri toj brzini, obilaze

that 27 kilometers 11,000 times a second.

tih 27 kilometara 11 000 puta u sekundi.

And we collide them with another beam of protons

Tada ih sudaramo sa drugim snopom protona

going in the opposite direction.

iz suprotnog smjera.

We collide them inside giant detectors.

Sudaramo ih u ogromnim detektorima.

They're essentially digital cameras.

Koji su u suštini digitalne kamere.

And this is the one that I work on, ATLAS.

Ovo je onaj na kojem ja radim, ATLAS.

You get some sense of the size --

Da dobijete osjećaj za veličinu --

you can just see these EU standard-size

možte vidjeti ljude veličine prema EU-standardu

people underneath.

ispod.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

You get some sense of the size: 44 meters wide,

Dobivate osjećaj veličine: 44 metara širok,

22 meters in diameter, 7,000 tons.

promjera od 22 metra, 7 000 tona težak.

And we re-create the conditions that were present

Ponovno stvaramo uvjete kakvi su bili prisutni

less than a billionth of a second after the universe began

u prvom milijarditom djeliću sekunde nakon postanka svemira

up to 600 million times a second

sve do 600 milijuna puta u sekundi

inside that detector -- immense numbers.

unutar tog detektora -- ogromni brojevi.

And if you see those metal bits there --

Vidite ove metalne dijelove ovdje --

those are huge magnets that bend

to su ogromni magneti koji savijaju

electrically charged particles,

električno nabijene čestice,

so it can measure how fast they're traveling.

da bi izmjerio koliko brzo se kreću.

This is a picture about a year ago.

Ovo je slika stara godinu dana.

Those magnets are in there.

Ti magneti su ondje.

And, again, a EU standard-size, real person,

I, opet, stvarna osoba veličine prema EU-standardu,

so you get some sense of the scale.

da dobijete nekakav osjećaj mjerila.

And it's in there that those mini-Big Bangs will be created,

I unutar toga će se stvarati ti mini-Veliki praskovi,

sometime in the summer this year.

u ljeto ove godine.

And actually, this morning, I got an email

Zapravo, jutros sam dobio e-mail

saying that we've just finished, today,

koji govori kako je upravo završena, danas,

building the last piece of ATLAS.

gradnja zadnjeg dijela ATLAS-a.

So as of today, it's finished. I'd like to say

Tako da od danas, završen je. Želio bih reći

that I planned that for TED,

da sam to planirao za TED,

but I didn't. So it's been completed as of today.

ali nisam. Dakle, zavrešno je danas.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Yeah, it's a wonderful achievement.

Da, predivno postignuće.

So, you might be asking, "Why?

Možda se pitate, "Zašto?

Why create the conditions that were present

Zašto stvarati uvjete koji su bili prisutni

less than a billionth of a second after the universe began?"

u prvom milijarditom djeliću sekunde nakon postanka svemira?"

Well, particle physicists are nothing if not ambitious.

Pa, fizičari za čestice su vrlo ambiciozni.

And the aim of particle physics is to understand

A cilj fizike čestica je razumijeti

what everything's made of, and how everything sticks together.

od čega je sve sazdano, i kako se sve uklapa zajedno.

And by everything I mean, of course,

A pod sve, mislim na, naravno,

me and you, the Earth, the Sun,

mene i vas, Zemlju, Sunce,

the 100 billion suns in our galaxy

100 milijardi sunaca u našoj galaksiji

and the 100 billion galaxies

i 100 milijardi galaksija

in the observable universe.

u znanom svemiru.

Absolutely everything.

Apsolutno sve.

Now you might say, "Well, OK, but why not just look at it?

Možete reći, "Ok, ali zašto samo ne promatramo?

You know? If you want to know what I'm made of, let's look at me."

Ako želite znati od čega je sve sazdano, proučavajte mene."

Well, we found that as you look back in time,

Otkrili smo da što dalje natrag u prošlost gledate,

the universe gets hotter and hotter,

svemir postaje sve topliji i topliji,

denser and denser, and simpler and simpler.

gušći i gušći, i sve jednostavniji.

Now, there's no real reason I'm aware of for that,

Nema očiglednog razloga zašto je to tako,

but that seems to be the case.

ali čini se da je takav slučaj.

So, way back in the early times of the universe,

U prvim trenucima svemira,

we believe it was very simple and understandable.

vjerujemo da je bio vrlo jednostavan i razumljiv.

All this complexity, all the way to these wonderful things --

Sva ova složenost, sve do ovih predivnih stvari --

human brains -- are a property of an old

ljuskih mozgova -- je svojstvo starog

and cold and complicated universe.

i hladnog i složenog svemira.

Back at the start, in the first billionth of a second,

U početku, u prvom milijarditom djeliću sekunde,

we believe, or we've observed, it was very simple.

vjerujemo, ili smo primijetili, bio je vrlo jednostavan.

It's almost like ...

Skoro kao...

imagine a snowflake in your hand,

zamislite snježnu pahuljicu na dlanu,

and you look at it, and it's an incredibly complicated,

gledate ju i nevjerojatno je složena,

beautiful object. But as you heat it up,

prekrasna pojava. Ali kako ju grijete,

it'll melt into a pool of water,

topi se u lokvu vode,

and you would be able to see that, actually, it was just made

i na kraju vidite da je, zapravo, sazdana

of H20, water.

od vode, H2O.

So it's in that same sense that we look back in time

Na isti način gledamo natrag u vremenu

to understand what the universe is made of.

da bi razumijeli od čega je svemir sazdan.

And, as of today, it's made of these things.

I, do danas, sazdan je od ovih stvari.

Just 12 particles of matter,

Samo 12 čestica materije,

stuck together by four forces of nature.

povezanih pomoću četiri sile prirode.

The quarks, these pink things, are the things that make up protons and neutrons

Kvarkovi, ove ružičaste stvari, su stvari koje i tvore protone i neutrone

that make up the atomic nuclei in your body.

koji opet tvore jezgre atoma u vašem tijelu.

The electron -- the thing that goes around

Elektron -- stvar koja kruži oko

the atomic nucleus --

jezgre atoma --

held around in orbit, by the way, by the electromagnetic force

kojeg u orbiti održava elektromagnetska sila

that's carried by this thing, the photon.

čiji je nosioc ova čestica, foton.

The quarks are stuck together by other things called gluons.

Kvarkovi su međusobno povezani česticama koji se nazivaju gluoni.

And these guys, here, they're the weak nuclear force,

A ove stvarčice ovdje, to su nosioci slabe nuklearne sile,

probably the least familiar.

vjerojatno najmanje poznate.

But, without it, the sun wouldn't shine.

Ali bez toga, sunce ne bi sjalo.

And when the sun shines, you get copious quantities

Dok sunce sja, pojavljuju se obilne količine

of these things, called neutrinos, pouring out.

ovih stvari, imena neutrino, pljušte van.

Actually, if you just look at your thumbnail --

Zapravo, ako pogledate svoj nokat --

about a square centimeter --

kvadratni centimetar --

there are something like 60 billion neutrinos per second

60 milijardi neutrina u sekundi

from the sun, passing

iz sunca, prolazi

through every square centimeter of your body.

kroz svaki kvadratni centimetar vašeg tijela.

But you don't feel them, because the weak force

Ali ih ne osjećate, jer je slaba sila

is correctly named --

ispravno nazvana --

very short range and very weak,

vrlo kratkog dometa i vrlo slaba,

so they just fly through you.

tako da samo prolaze kroz vas.

And these particles have been discovered

Sve ove čestice su otkrivene

over the last century, pretty much.

u zadnjih sto godina, uglavnom.

The first one, the electron, was discovered in 1897,

Prva, elektron, je otkrivena 1897. godine,

and the last one, this thing called the tau neutrino,

a zadnja, čestica imena tau neutrino,

in the year 2000. Actually just --

2000. godine. Zapravo, baš u blizini --

I was going to say, just up the road in Chicago. I know it's a big country,

htio sam reći, baš ovdje u blizini u Chicagu. Znam da je ovo velika zemlja,

America, isn't it?

Amerika, zar ne?

Just up the road.

Baš u blizini.

Relative to the universe, it's just up the road.

U odnosu na svemir i jest baš u blizini.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So, this thing was discovered in the year 2000,

Dakle, ova stvar je otkrivena 2000. godine,

so it's a relatively recent picture.

tako da je ovo relativno novija slika.

One of the wonderful things, actually, I find,

Jedan od divnijih stvari, zapravo,

is that we've discovered any of them, when you realize how tiny they are.

je što smo otkrili ijednu od tih čestica, kada shvatite koliko su sićušne.

You know, they're a step in size

Samo su korak u veličini

from the entire observable universe.

cijelokupnog znanog svemira.

So, 100 billion galaxies,

100 milijardi galaksija,

13.7 billion light years away --

13.7 milijardi svjetlosnih godina velik --

a step in size from that to Monterey, actually,

korak u veličini od toga do Montereya, zapravo,

is about the same as from Monterey to these things.

jednako od Montereya do tih stvari.

Absolutely, exquisitely minute,

Apsolutno, izvrsno sićušno,

and yet we've discovered pretty much the full set.

a ipak smo otkrili skoro cijeli komplet.

So, one of my most illustrious forebears

Jedan je od mojih čuvenih prethodnika

at Manchester University, Ernest Rutherford,

sa Sveučilišta Manchester, Ernest Rutherford,

discoverer of the atomic nucleus,

pronalazača jezgre atoma,

once said, "All science is either physics

rekao, "Sva znanost je ili fizika,

or stamp collecting."

ili skupljanje markica."

Now, I don't think he meant to insult

Mislim da nije htio uvrijediti

the rest of science,

ostale znanosti,

although he was from New Zealand, so it's possible.

iako bio je sa Novog Zelanda, pa je moguće,

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But what he meant was that what we've done, really,

Nego, zaista, sve što smo ovdje uradili

is stamp collect there.

i jest skupljanje markica.

OK, we've discovered the particles,

OK, otkrili smo čestice,

but unless you understand the underlying

ali ako ne razumijete pozadinu

reason for that pattern -- you know, why it's built the way it is --

razloga takvog obrasca -- zašto je sazdano tako kako je --

really you've done stamp collecting. You haven't done science.

stvarno ste samo skupljali markice. Niste se bavili znanošću.

Fortunately, we have

Srećom, imamo

probably one of the greatest scientific achievements of the twentieth century

vjerojatno jedno od najvećih znanstvenih postignuća 20. stoljeća

that underpins that pattern.

koje podupire taj obrazac.

It's the Newton's laws, if you want,

Newtonovi zakoni, ako ćete,

of particle physics.

fizike čestica.

It's called the standard model -- beautifully simple mathematical equation.

Zove se standarni model -- predivno jednostavna matematička jednadžba.

You could stick it on the front of a T-shirt,

Mogli biste ju staviti na majicu,

which is always the sign of elegance.

to je uvijek znak elegancije.

This is it.

Evo je.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I've been a little disingenuous, because I've expanded it out

Bio sam malo neiskren, zato što sam ju proširio

in all its gory detail.

na sve strašne detalje.

This equation, though, allows you to calculate everything --

Ova jednadžba, omogućava da izračunate bilo što --

other than gravity -- that happens in the universe.

osim gravitacije -- što se događa u svemiru.

So, you want to know why the sky is blue, why atomic nuclei stick together --

Dakle, ako želite znati zašto je nebo plavo, zašto su atomske jezge na okupu --

in principle, you've got a big enough computer --

u principu, ako imate dovoljno veliko računalo --

why DNA is the shape it is.

zašto je DNK oblika kakvog jest.

In principle, you should be able to calculate it from that equation.

U suštini, trebali biste moći izračunati pomoću ove jednadžbe.

But there's a problem.

Ali postoji problem.

Can anyone see what it is?

Može li itko vidjeti koji?

A bottle of champagne for anyone that tells me.

Boca šampanjca svakom tko mi kaže.

I'll make it easier, actually, by blowing one of the lines up.

Pojednostavit ću, povećavajući jedan red.

Basically, each of these terms

U suštini, svaki od ovih izraza

refers to some of the particles.

se odnosi na neke čestice.

So those Ws there refer to the Ws, and how they stick together.

Tako da se ovi W-ovi odnose na W-ove, i kako se povezuju.

These carriers of the weak force, the Zs, the same.

Ovi nosioci slabe sile, Z-ovi, isto.

But there's an extra symbol in this equation: H.

No postoji simbol viška u ovoj jednadžbi: H.

Right, H.

Dakle, H.

H stands for Higgs particle.

H je oznaka za Higgsovu česticu.

Higgs particles have not been discovered.

Higgsove čestice još nisu otkrivene.

But they're necessary: they're necessary

Ali su nužne: nužne su

to make that mathematics work.

da bi matematika funkcionirala.

So all the exquisitely detailed calculations we can do

Sav taj iznimno detaljan izračun koji

with that wonderful equation

ova divna jednadžba omogućava

wouldn't be possible without an extra bit.

nije moguć bez tog dodatnog dijela.

So it's a prediction:

Tako da je to predskazanje:

a prediction of a new particle.

predskazanje nove čestice.

What does it do?

Što ona radi?

Well, we had a long time to come up with good analogies.

Pa, imali smo puno vremena da smislimo dobre analogije.

And back in the 1980s, when we wanted the money

1980-tih, kada nam je bio potreban novac

for the LHC from the U.K. government,

za LHC od britanske vlade,

Margaret Thatcher, at the time, said,

Margaret Thatcher, u to vrijeme, je rekla,

"If you guys can explain, in language

"Ako možete objasniti, jezikom

a politician can understand,

koji jedan političar može razumijeti,

what the hell it is that you're doing, you can have the money.

što je, dovraga, to što radite, možete dobiti novac.

I want to know what this Higgs particle does."

Želim znati što ta Higgsova čestica radi."

And we came up with this analogy, and it seemed to work.

Pa smo smislili ovu analogiju, i bila je dobra.

Well, what the Higgs does is, it gives mass to the fundamental particles.

Dakle, ono što Higgs radi je da pridružuje masu temeljnim česticama.

And the picture is that the whole universe --

Prikaz je da je cijeli svemir --

and that doesn't mean just space, it means me as well, and inside you --

a to ne znači samo prostor, nego i vaša unutrašnjost --

the whole universe is full of something called a Higgs field.

cijeli svemir prožima nešto što se naziva Higgsovo polje.

Higgs particles, if you will.

Higgsove čestice, ako ćete.

The analogy is that these people in a room

Analogija je da su ovi ljudi u prostoriji

are the Higgs particles.

Higgsove čestice.

Now when a particle moves through the universe,

Dok se čestica giba kroz svemir,

it can interact with these Higgs particles.

stupa u interakciju sa ovim Higgsovim česticama.

But imagine someone who's not very popular moves through the room.

Zamislite da se netko, tko nije veoma popularan, kreće kroz prostoriju.

Then everyone ignores them. They can just pass through the room very quickly,

Svi ga ignoriraju. Mogu vrlo brzo proći kroz prostoriju,

essentially at the speed of light. They're massless.

brzinom svjetlosti. Nemaju masu.

And imagine someone incredibly important

Sada, zamislite da netko nevjerojatno važan

and popular and intelligent

i popularan i inteligentan

walks into the room.

uđe u prostoriju.

They're surrounded by people, and their passage through the room is impeded.

Okružen je ljudima, te mu je prolaz kroz prostoriju ometen.

It's almost like they get heavy. They get massive.

Skoro kao da postaju teži. Postaju masivni.

And that's exactly the way the Higgs mechanism works.

Točno tako Higgsov mehanizam radi.

The picture is that the electrons and the quarks

Prikaz je da su elektroni i kvarkovi,

in your body and in the universe that we see around us

u vašem tijelu i svemiru koji vidite okolo,

are heavy, in a sense, and massive,

teški, u smislu, masivni,

because they're surrounded by Higgs particles.

zato što ih okružuju Higgsove čestice.

They're interacting with the Higgs field.

Stupaju u interakciju sa Higgsovim poljem.

If that picture's true,

Ako je taj prikaz točan,

then we have to discover those Higgs particles at the LHC.

onda bi trebali otkriti te Higgsove čestice u LHC-u.

If it's not true -- because it's quite a convoluted mechanism,

Ako nije točan -- budući da je prilično uvrnut mehanizam,

although it's the simplest we've been able to think of --

iako je najjednostavniji koji smo uspjeli smisliti --

then whatever does the job of the Higgs particles

onda što god da obavlja posao Higgsovih čestica

we know have to turn up

bi se trebalo pojaviti

at the LHC.

u LHC-u.

So, that's one of the prime reasons we built this giant machine.

Dakle, to je primarni razlog izgradnje ovog ogromnog stroja.

I'm glad you recognize Margaret Thatcher.

Drago mi je da ste prepoznali Margaret Thatcher.

Actually, I thought about making it more culturally relevant, but --

Zapravo, mislio sam ovo prikazati kulturno relevantije, ali --

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

anyway.

svejedno.

So that's one thing.

To je jedna stvar.

That's essentially a guarantee of what the LHC will find.

To je garancija za ono što će LHC pronaći.

There are many other things. You've heard

Postoje mnoge druge stvari. Čuli ste

many of the big problems in particle physics.

za mnoge velike probleme u fizici čestica.

One of them you heard about: dark matter, dark energy.

Jedna od njih je: tamna materija, tamna energija.

There's another issue,

Postoji još jedan problem,

which is that the forces in nature -- it's quite beautiful, actually --

a to je da sile prirode -- prilično je prelijepo, zapravo --

seem, as you go back in time,

izgleda, kako idete natrag u vremenu,

they seem to change in strength.

izgleda da im se jačina mijenja.

Well, they do change in strength.

Da, jačina im se mijenja.

So, the electromagnetic force, the force that holds us together,

Elektromagnetska sila, sila koja nas drži na okupu,

gets stronger as you go to higher temperatures.

postaje sve jača što je veća temperatura.

The strong force, the strong nuclear force, which sticks nuclei together,

Jaka sila, jaka nuklearna sila, koja drži jezgre na okupu,

gets weaker. And what you see is the standard model --

postaje slabija. I ono što vidite je da se standardni model --

you can calculate how these change -- is the forces,

možete izračunati kako se mijenaju -- je da se sile,

the three forces, other than gravity,

sve tri sile, osim gravitacije,

almost seem to come together at one point.

skoro približavaju jednoj točki.

It's almost as if there was one beautiful

Kao da je postojala jedna predivna

kind of super-force, back at the beginning of time.

supersila, na početku vremena.

But they just miss.

Ali promaše.

Now there's a theory called super-symmetry,

Postoji teorija imena super-simetrija,

which doubles the number of particles in the standard model,

koja udvostručuje broj čestica u standardnom modelu,

which, at first sight, doesn't sound like a simplification.

što, na prvi pogled, i ne zvuči kao pojednostavljenje.

But actually, with this theory,

Ali, zapravo, uz ovu teoriju,

we find that the forces of nature

izgleda da sile prirode

do seem to unify together, back at the Big Bang --

dolaze do ujedinjenja u trenutku Velikog praska --

absolutely beautiful prophecy. The model wasn't built to do that,

apsolutno predivno proročanstvo. Model nije smišljen da bi to radio,

but it seems to do it.

ali se čini da ipak radi upravo to.

Also, those super-symmetric particles

Također, te čestice super-simetrije

are very strong candidates for the dark matter.

su veoma jaki kandidati za tamnu materiju.

So a very compelling theory

Vrlo uvjerljiva teorija

that's really mainstream physics.

mainstream fizike.

And if I was to put money on it, I would put money on --

Ako bih se mogao okladiti, a okladio bih se --

in a very unscientific way -- that

na vrlo neznanstven način -- da

that these things would also crop up at the LHC.

će se ove stvari pojaviti u LHC-u.

Many other things that the LHC could discover.

LHC može otkriti mnoge druge stvari.

But in the last few minutes, I just want to give you

No, u zadnjih par minuta, želim vam pružiti

a different perspective

drukčije gledište

of what I think -- what particle physics

o tome što fizika čestica

really means to me -- particle physics and cosmology.

zaista za mene znači -- fizika čestica i kozmologija.

And that's that I think it's given us a wonderful

Vjerujem da nam je pružila divnu

narrative -- almost a creation story,

pripovijest -- priču o stvaranju,

if you'd like -- about the universe,

ako ćete -- o svemiru,

from modern science over the last few decades.

moderna znanost u zadnjih nekoliko desetljeća.

And I'd say that it deserves,

I rekao bih da zaslužuje,

in the spirit of Wade Davis' talk,

u duhu govora Wadea Davisa,

to be at least put up there with these wonderful creation stories

biti u društvu tih predivnih priča o stvaranju

of the peoples of the high Andes and the frozen north.

ljudi sa visokih Anda i smrznutog sjevera.

This is a creation story, I think, equally as wonderful.

Ova priča o stvaranju, mislim, je jednako predivna.

The story goes like this: we know that

Priča ide ovako: znamo

the universe began 13.7 billion years ago,

da je svemir nastao prije 13.7 milijardi godina,

in an immensely hot, dense state,

u neizmjerno vrućem, gustom stanju,

much smaller than a single atom.

mnogo manjem nego jedan atom.

It began to expand about

Počeo se širiti

a million, billion, billion, billion billionth

u prvom milijunu, milijarde, milijarde, milijarde, milijarditom

of a second -- I think I got that right -- after the Big Bang.

djeliću sekunde -- mislim da sam rekao točno -- nakon Velikog praska.

Gravity separated away from the other forces.

Gravitacija se odvojila od ostalih sila.

The universe then underwent

Svemir je prošao

an exponential expansion called inflation.

eksponencijalno širenje nazvano inflacija.

In about the first billionth of a second or so,

U prvo milijarditom djeliću sekunde ili tako negdje,

the Higgs field kicked in, and the quarks

Higgsovo polje se pojavilo, a kvarkovi

and the gluons and the electrons

i gluoni i elektroni,

that make us up got mass.

koji nas izgrađuju, su dobili masu.

The universe continued to expand and cool.

Svemir se kontinuirano širio i hladio.

After about a few minutes,

Nakon nekoliko minuta,

there was hydrogen and helium in the universe. That's all.

pojavili su se vodik i helij u svemiru. To je sve.

The universe was about 75 percent hydrogen,

Svemir je bio od 75 posto vodika,

25 percent helium. It still is today.

25 posto helija. Tako je i danas.

It continued to expand

Nastavio se širiti

about 300 million years.

300 milijuna godina.

Then light began to travel through the universe.

A onda je svjetlost počela putovati svemirom.

It was big enough to be transparent to light,

Postajo je dovoljno velik da bude transparentan za svjetlo,

and that's what we see in the cosmic microwave background

a to je ono što vidimo u pozadinskom mikrovalnom zračenju

that George Smoot described

koje je George Smoot opisao

as looking at the face of God.

kao gledanje u lice Boga.

After about 400 million years, the first stars formed,

nakon 400 milijuna godina, formirale su se prve zvijezde,

and that hydrogen, that helium, then began to cook

vodik i helij su se počeli kombinirati

into the heavier elements.

u teže elemente.

So the elements of life --

Elementi života --

carbon, and oxygen and iron,

ugljik, kisik i željezo,

all the elements that we need to make us up --

svi elementi od kojih smo sazdani --

were cooked in those first generations of stars,

su skuhani u prvoj generaciji zvijezda,

which then ran out of fuel, exploded,

a onda su ostali bez goriva i eksplodirali,

threw those elements back into the universe.

i vratili te elemente natrag u svemir.

They then re-collapsed into another generation

Onda su se ponovno urušili u sljedeću generaciju

of stars and planets.

zvijezda i planeta.

And on some of those planets, the oxygen, which had been created

I na nekima od tih planeta, kisik, koji je nastao

in that first generation of stars, could fuse with hydrogen

u prvoj generaciji zvijezda, se povezao sa vodikom

to form water, liquid water on the surface.

da bi nastala voda, tekuća voda na površini.

On at least one, and maybe only one of those planets,

Na barem jednom, a možda i jedinom od tih planeta,

primitive life evolved,

razvio se primitivni život,

which evolved over millions of years into

koji je evoluirao tijekom milijuna godina

things that walked upright and left footprints

u bića koja hodaju uspravno i ostavljaju otiske

about three and a half million years ago in the mud flats of Tanzania,

u blatnim ravnicama Tanzanije prije tri i pol milijuna godina

and eventually

i naposlijetku

left a footprint on another world.

ostavila otisak na drugom svijetu.

And built this civilization,

Sagradila civilizaciju,

this wonderful picture,

ovu predivnu sliku,

that turned the darkness into light,

koja je pretvorila tamu u svjetlo,

and you can see the civilization from space.

i civilizaciju koju možete vidjeti iz svemira.

As one of my great heroes, Carl Sagan, said,

Kako je jedan od mojih velikih heroja, Carl Sagan, rekao,

these are the things -- and actually, not only these,

ovo su stvari -- zapravo, ne samo ove,

but I was looking around -- these are the things,

nego sam gledao okolo -- ovo su stvari,

like Saturn V rockets, and Sputnik,

kao rakete Saturn V i Sputnik,

and DNA, and literature and science --

i DNK i književnost i znanost --

these are the things that hydrogen atoms do

ovo su stvari koje vodikovi atomi rade

when given 13.7 billion years.

kada im date 13.7 milijarde godina.

Absolutely remarkable.

Potpuno veličanstveno.

And, the laws of physics. Right?

A, zakoni fizike. Dobro?

So, the right laws of physics --

Zakoni fizike --

they're beautifully balanced.

su prekrasno uravnoteženi.

If the weak force had been a little bit different,

Da je slaba sila samo malo drukčija,

then carbon and oxygen wouldn't be stable

ugljik i kisik ne bi bili stabilni

inside the hearts of stars,

u srcu zvijezda,

and there would be none of that in the universe.

i ne bi bilo ništa od toga u svemiru.

And I think that's

Mislim da je to

a wonderful and significant story.

predivna i značajna priča.

50 years ago, I couldn't have told that story,

Prije 50 godina vam ne bih mogao ispričati ovu priču,

because we didn't know it.

jer ju nismo znali.

It makes me really feel that

Omogućava mi da se osjećam da

that civilization --

ta civilizacija --

which, as I say, if you believe

koja se, ako ćete vjerovati

the scientific creation story,

znanstvenoj priči o stvaranju,

has emerged purely as a result of the laws of physics,

pojavila čisto kao rezultat zakona fizike,

and a few hydrogen atoms --

i par atoma vodika --

then I think, to me anyway,

tako da mislim, barem meni,

it makes me feel incredibly valuable.

osjećam se nevjerojatno dragocjeno.

So that's the LHC.

Dakle, to je LHC.

The LHC is certainly, when it turns on in summer,

LHC će zasigurno, kada stupi u pogon na ljeto,

going to write the next chapter of that book.

napisati sljedeće poglavlje te knjige.

And I'm certainly looking forward with

I jedva čekam sa

immense excitement to it being turned on.

ogromnim uzbuđenjem da se uključi.

Thanks.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)