CERN's supercollider | Brian Cox

1,246,470 views ・ 2008-04-29

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: JeSang Yoon κ²€ν† : Jinmyoung Joo
00:19
This is the Large Hadron Collider.
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이건 λŒ€ν˜• κ°•μž…μž 가속기 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
It's 27 kilometers in circumference.
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λ‘˜λ ˆκ°€ 27ν‚¬λ‘œλ―Έν„°μ— λ‹¬ν•˜μ§€μš”
00:24
It's the biggest scientific experiment ever attempted.
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이건 μ§€κΈˆκ» λ²Œμ–΄μ§„ λͺ¨λ“  κ³Όν•™μ‹€ν—˜μ€‘ κ°€μž₯ 큰 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
Over 10,000 physicists and engineers
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만λͺ…이 λ„˜λŠ” λ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μžμ™€ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€μ΄
00:30
from 85 countries around the world
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전세계 85개의 κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ μ™€μ„œ
00:32
have come together over several decades
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μˆ˜μ‹­λ…„λ™μ•ˆ 같이
00:34
to build this machine.
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이 기계λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
What we do is we accelerate protons --
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λ €λŠ” 것은 μ–‘μ„±μžλ₯Ό κ°€μ†μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
so, hydrogen nuclei --
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ, μˆ˜μ†Œ μ›μžν•΅(μ–‘μ„±μž)을
00:40
around 99.999999
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λΉ›μ˜ μ†λ„μ˜ 99.999999 %에
00:44
percent the speed of light.
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κ°€κΉκ²Œ 말이죠.
00:46
Right? At that speed, they go around
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이해가 λ˜μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ? κ·Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ μ–‘μ„±μžλ“€μ€
00:48
that 27 kilometers 11,000 times a second.
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μ € 27 ν‚¬λ‘œλ―Έν„° 길이λ₯Ό 1μ΄ˆλ‹Ή 11,000번 νšŒμ „ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
And we collide them with another beam of protons
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것듀을 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©ν–₯으둜 μ§„ν–‰ν•˜λŠ”
00:54
going in the opposite direction.
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μ–‘μ„±μž λΉ”κ³Ό μΆ©λŒμ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
We collide them inside giant detectors.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것듀을 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ κ²€μΆœκΈ° μ•ˆμ—μ„œ μΆ©λŒμ‹œν‚€λŠ”λ°μš”.
00:59
They're essentially digital cameras.
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κ²€μΆœκΈ°λŠ” 디지털 카메라와 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λ™μž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
And this is the one that I work on, ATLAS.
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그리고 λ°”λ‘œ 이것이 μ œκ°€ μž‘μ—…ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” ATLASμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
You get some sense of the size --
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이것이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ ν°μ§€λŠ”
01:05
you can just see these EU standard-size
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μ € μ•„λž˜μ˜ EU ν‘œμ€€ 크기의 인물그림을
01:07
people underneath.
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μ°Έκ³ ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ§μž‘ν•˜μ‹€μˆ˜ μžˆμ„λ“― ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:11
You get some sense of the size: 44 meters wide,
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이제 이게 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 큰지 μ•„μ‹€κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. : μ‹€μ œ λ„ˆλΉ„κ°€ 44λ―Έν„° 정도 λ˜κ΅¬μš”
01:14
22 meters in diameter, 7,000 tons.
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22λ―Έν„° 직경에 7,000ν†€μ˜ 무게λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
And we re-create the conditions that were present
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νŠΉμ •ν•œ 쑰건듀을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄λŠ”λ°
01:20
less than a billionth of a second after the universe began
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μ΄λŠ” μš°μ£Όκ°€ μ‹œμž‘λœμ§€ 10μ–΅λΆ„μ˜ 1μ΄ˆλ³΄λ‹€ 짧은 μ‹œμ μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
up to 600 million times a second
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μ΄ˆλ‹Ή 6μ–΅λ²ˆμ΄ λ„˜λ„λ‘
01:25
inside that detector -- immense numbers.
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κ²€μΆœκΈ° μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 말이죠. μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 횟수죠.
01:29
And if you see those metal bits there --
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그리고 μ € κΈˆμ† λΆ€ν’ˆλ“€μ€
01:31
those are huge magnets that bend
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μžμ„λ“€λ‘œμ„œ
01:33
electrically charged particles,
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λŒ€μ „λœ μž…μžλ“€μ„ 휘게 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
01:35
so it can measure how fast they're traveling.
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μž…μžλ“€μ˜ 속도λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 있게 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
This is a picture about a year ago.
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이건 μ•½ 1λ…„μ „ μ‚¬μ§„μ΄κ΅¬μš”.
01:39
Those magnets are in there.
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κ·Έ μžμ„λ“€μ€ μ € μ•ˆμ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
And, again, a EU standard-size, real person,
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그리고 또 EU ν‘œμ€€ 크기의 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 볼수 μžˆλ„€μš”,
01:43
so you get some sense of the scale.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이게 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 큰지 μ§μž‘ν• μˆ˜ μžˆμ„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
And it's in there that those mini-Big Bangs will be created,
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그리고 μ € μ•ˆμ—μ„œ μž‘μ€ 빅뱅듀이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
sometime in the summer this year.
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μ˜¬ν•΄ 여름쯀 말이죠.
01:50
And actually, this morning, I got an email
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그리고 사싀 였늘 아침에 이메일을 λ°›μ•˜λŠ”λ°μš”.
01:52
saying that we've just finished, today,
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였늘 방금 λλƒˆλ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
building the last piece of ATLAS.
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ATLAS의 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λΆ€ν’ˆμ„ μ‘°λ¦½ν•˜λŠ”κ±Έ 말이죠.
01:56
So as of today, it's finished. I'd like to say
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ˜€λŠ˜λΆ€λ‘œ ATLAS의 쑰립이 λλ‚¬λ‹€λŠ” 것을
01:58
that I planned that for TED,
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μš°μ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œλ„, TEDμ—μ„œ 처음 밝히게 λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„
02:00
but I didn't. So it's been completed as of today.
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μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
02:07
Yeah, it's a wonderful achievement.
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이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ μ„±κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ!
02:09
So, you might be asking, "Why?
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ "μ™œ 그게 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ κ±΄κ°€μš”?" 라고 κΆκΈˆν•΄ν•˜μ‹€κ²ƒ κ°™κ΅°μš”.
02:11
Why create the conditions that were present
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μ™œ μš°μ£Όκ°€ μ‹œμž‘λœμ§€ 10μ–΅λΆ„μ˜ 1μ΄ˆμ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ”
02:13
less than a billionth of a second after the universe began?"
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그런 쑰건듀을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
02:16
Well, particle physicists are nothing if not ambitious.
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, μž…μžλ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 열정을 λΉΌλ©΄ μ‹œμ²΄μ—μš”.
02:19
And the aim of particle physics is to understand
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μž…μžλ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μžμ˜ λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” 만물이 λ¬΄μ—‡μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ Έ 있고
02:22
what everything's made of, and how everything sticks together.
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그것듀이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
And by everything I mean, of course,
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그리고 λ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜κ² μ§€λ§Œ 이 "만물" μ΄λΌλŠ” 것엔
02:27
me and you, the Earth, the Sun,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό μ €, 지ꡬ, νƒœμ–‘,
02:30
the 100 billion suns in our galaxy
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μ€ν•˜μ— μžˆλŠ” μˆ˜μ²œμ–΅κ°œμ˜ νƒœμ–‘λ“€
02:33
and the 100 billion galaxies
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그리고 κ΄€μΈ‘ν• μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ” 거리에 μžˆλŠ”
02:35
in the observable universe.
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μˆ˜μ²œμ–΅κ°œμ˜ μ€ν•˜λ“€λ„ ν¬ν•¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
Absolutely everything.
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만물 그 자체인거죠.
02:39
Now you might say, "Well, OK, but why not just look at it?
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ν˜Ήμ‹œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ¬Όμ–΄λ³Όμˆ˜λ„ 있죠 : "어쨋든 μ•Œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, 근데 μ™œ κ·Έλƒ₯ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜λ©΄ μ•ˆλ˜μ£ ?"
02:41
You know? If you want to know what I'm made of, let's look at me."
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"만일 λ‚΄κ°€ 뭘둜 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ κ·Έλƒ₯ μ €λ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν•˜λ©΄ 될꺼 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆκΉŒ?"
02:44
Well, we found that as you look back in time,
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자, 과거둜 λŒμ•„κ°ˆμˆ˜λ‘
02:47
the universe gets hotter and hotter,
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” λœ¨κ±°μ›Œμ§€κ³  λœ¨κ±°μ›Œμ§€κ³ ,
02:50
denser and denser, and simpler and simpler.
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빽빽해지고 빽빽해지고, λ‹¨μˆœν•΄μ§€κ³  λ‹¨μˆœν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
Now, there's no real reason I'm aware of for that,
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μ§€κΈˆ 이런 사싀을 κΌ­ μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•  ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
but that seems to be the case.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ (사싀이)κ·ΈλŸ΄μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:58
So, way back in the early times of the universe,
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μ‹œμž‘λœ μ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°ˆμˆ˜λ‘
03:00
we believe it was very simple and understandable.
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맀우 κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ³  μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° 쉽닀고 λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
All this complexity, all the way to these wonderful things --
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λͺ¨λ“  λ³΅μž‘ν•œ, 예λ₯Όλ“€μ–΄ 인간 λ‘λ‡Œκ°™μ€ λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ 것듀은
03:06
human brains -- are a property of an old
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λͺ¨λ‘ 였래되고 μ°¨κ°‘κ³ 
03:08
and cold and complicated universe.
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λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 우주의 μ‚°λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
Back at the start, in the first billionth of a second,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 초기의 10μ–΅λΆ„μ˜ 1초둜 μ‹œκ°„μ„ λŒλ Έμ„ λ•Œ
03:14
we believe, or we've observed, it was very simple.
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κ·Έλ•Œμ˜ μš°μ£ΌλŠ” 맀우 λ‹¨μˆœν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
It's almost like ...
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(λΉ„μœ λ₯Ό λ“€μžλ©΄) 그건 이런거죠 ...
03:18
imagine a snowflake in your hand,
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μ†μ•ˆμ— λˆˆλ©μ΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
03:20
and you look at it, and it's an incredibly complicated,
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κ·Έ 눈덩이λ₯Ό λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ 보면 그건 λ†€λΌμšΈμ •λ„λ‘œ λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³ ,
03:23
beautiful object. But as you heat it up,
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μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ λ¬Όμ²΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 여기에 열을 κ°€ν•˜λ©΄
03:26
it'll melt into a pool of water,
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그건 ν•œμ€Œμ˜ 물둜 λ³€ν•΄λ²„λ¦¬κ²Œ 되죠,
03:29
and you would be able to see that, actually, it was just made
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이것이 κ·Έμ € λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ
03:31
of H20, water.
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H2O = 물둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ”κ±Έ μ•Œκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
So it's in that same sense that we look back in time
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이와 같은 μƒκ°μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œκ°„μ„ 되돌렀
03:36
to understand what the universe is made of.
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μš°μ£Όκ°€ κ³Όμ—° λ¬΄μ—‡μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ Έ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €λŠ” 것이죠.
03:39
And, as of today, it's made of these things.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²ƒλ“€λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
Just 12 particles of matter,
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단지 12개의 μž…μžλ“€λ‘œ 말이죠,
03:44
stuck together by four forces of nature.
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μžμ—°μ˜ 4가지 힘으둜 κ²°ν•©λ˜μ–΄μ„œμš”.
03:48
The quarks, these pink things, are the things that make up protons and neutrons
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쿼크, 이 핑크색 물체듀은 μ–‘μ„±μžμ™€ μ€‘μ„±μžλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
that make up the atomic nuclei in your body.
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺΈ μ†μ˜ μ›μžν•΅μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
The electron -- the thing that goes around
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μ „μž, κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ›μžν•΅μ˜ 주변을
03:56
the atomic nucleus --
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λ„λŠ” 이것은
03:58
held around in orbit, by the way, by the electromagnetic force
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μ „μžκΈ°ν•™μ  νž˜μ— μ˜ν•΄ ꢀ도에 μž‘ν˜€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
that's carried by this thing, the photon.
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이 μ „μžκΈ°ν•™μ  νž˜μ€ κ΄‘μžμ— μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ μš΄λ°˜λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
The quarks are stuck together by other things called gluons.
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쿼크듀은 κΈ€λ£¨μ˜¨μ΄λΌλŠ” μž…μžλ“€μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μ„œλ‘œ λΆ™κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
And these guys, here, they're the weak nuclear force,
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그리고 이것듀은, μ•½ν•œ ν•΅λ ₯이라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
probably the least familiar.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 거의 처음 듀어보셨을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
But, without it, the sun wouldn't shine.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것듀이 μ—†μ΄λŠ” νƒœμ–‘μ΄ λΉ›λ‚˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•΄μš”.
04:12
And when the sun shines, you get copious quantities
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νƒœμ–‘μ΄ λΉ›λ‚˜λ©΄, μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘μ˜
04:14
of these things, called neutrinos, pouring out.
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λ‰΄νŠΈλ¦¬λ…ΈλΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것듀이 쏱아져 λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
Actually, if you just look at your thumbnail --
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 엄지 손톱을 바라보면
04:20
about a square centimeter --
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μ•½ 1 μ œκ³±μ„Όν‹°λ―Έν„° μ―€ 되죠.
04:23
there are something like 60 billion neutrinos per second
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μ΄ˆλ‹Ή 600μ–΅κ°œμ˜ λ‰΄νŠΈλ¦¬λ…Έκ°€
04:26
from the sun, passing
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νƒœμ–‘μ—μ„œ 날아와
04:28
through every square centimeter of your body.
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κ·Έ 1 μ œκ³±λ―Έν„° 면적의 손톱을 톡과해 λ‚˜κ°€κ²Œ 되죠.
04:30
But you don't feel them, because the weak force
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 당신은 그것듀을 λŠλ‚„μˆ˜ μ—†μ–΄μš”. μ™œλƒλ©΄ κ·Έκ²ƒλ“€μ˜ 힘이 μ•½ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:32
is correctly named --
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마치 μ•½λ ₯이라고 이름 지어진 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
04:34
very short range and very weak,
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μ•„μ£Ό 짧은 λ²”μœ„μ—λ‹€ 맀우 μ•½ν•˜μ£ ,
04:36
so they just fly through you.
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 그것듀은 κ·Έλƒ₯ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ 톡과해 μ§€λ‚˜κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
And these particles have been discovered
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이런 μž…μžλ“€μ€
04:40
over the last century, pretty much.
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μ•½ ν•œμ„ΈκΈ° 전쯀에 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:42
The first one, the electron, was discovered in 1897,
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첫번째 것인 'μ „μž'λŠ” 1897년에 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆκ΅¬μš”,
04:44
and the last one, this thing called the tau neutrino,
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 것인 'νƒ€μš° λ‰΄νŠΈλ¦¬λ…Έ'λŠ”
04:47
in the year 2000. Actually just --
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2000년에 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμ£ . 사싀 방금 막
04:49
I was going to say, just up the road in Chicago. I know it's a big country,
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μ €λŠ” μ‹œμΉ΄κ³ μ˜ κΈΈ μœ„λ₯Ό 이야기 ν•˜λ € ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
America, isn't it?
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미ꡭ은 정말 큰 λ‚˜λΌμ£ . 그렇지 μ•Šλ‚˜μš”?
04:55
Just up the road.
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κΈΈ μœ„ λΌκ΅¬μš”.
04:58
Relative to the universe, it's just up the road.
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μš°μ£Όμ™€ 비ꡐ해 λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄ 미ꡭ은 κ·Έλƒ₯ κΈΈμœ„μ˜ ν•œμ μΌ 뿐이죠.
05:01
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:03
So, this thing was discovered in the year 2000,
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬, 이것은 2000년에 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
so it's a relatively recent picture.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 그림은 비ꡐ적 맀우 졜근의 것이죠.
05:08
One of the wonderful things, actually, I find,
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μ œκ°€ μ°Ύμ•„λ‚Έ 것쀑에 ν™•μ‹€νžˆ λ†€λΌμš΄ 이것이
05:10
is that we've discovered any of them, when you realize how tiny they are.
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μž‘μ€κ²ƒμΈμ§€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•Œκ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄ 정말 λ†€λž„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
You know, they're a step in size
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ μ•„μ‹œλ“―, 그것 (λ‰΄νŠΈλ¦¬λ…Έ)의 ν¬κΈ°λŠ”
05:15
from the entire observable universe.
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전체 κ΄€μΈ‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 우주의 크기에 λΉ„ν•΄ 맀우 μž‘μ£ .
05:17
So, 100 billion galaxies,
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무슨 말이냐면 1000μ–΅κ°œμ˜ μ€ν•˜,
05:19
13.7 billion light years away --
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137μ–΅ κ΄‘λ…„μ΄λ‚˜ 떨어진 μ€ν•˜λ“€μ˜
05:22
a step in size from that to Monterey, actually,
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크기와 λͺ¬ν„°λ ˆμ΄(TEDκ°œμ΅œμ§€)의 크기의 μ°¨μ΄λŠ” 사싀
05:25
is about the same as from Monterey to these things.
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λͺ¬ν„°λ ˆμ΄μ™€ λ‰΄νŠΈλ¦¬λ…Έ μž…μžλ“€μ˜ 크기의 차이와 λŒ€λž΅ κ°™μ£ .
05:28
Absolutely, exquisitely minute,
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ν™•μ‹€νžˆ, μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ€ μ •κ΅ν•˜κ³  μΉ˜λ°€ν•˜κ²Œ
05:31
and yet we've discovered pretty much the full set.
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μ§€κΈˆκ» λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μž…μžλ“€μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
So, one of my most illustrious forebears
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬, μ €μ˜ κ°€μž₯ μ‘΄κ²½ν•˜λŠ”
05:38
at Manchester University, Ernest Rutherford,
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λ§¨μ²΄μŠ€ν„° λŒ€ν•™μ˜ μ„ λ°°, μ–΄λ„€μŠ€νŠΈ λŸ¬λ”ν¬λ“œ -
05:40
discoverer of the atomic nucleus,
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μ›μžν•΅μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 이뢄은 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ
05:42
once said, "All science is either physics
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λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μ£ , "λͺ¨λ“  과학은 λ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μ΄κ±°λ‚˜
05:44
or stamp collecting."
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λ˜λŠ” μš°ν‘œ μˆ˜μ§‘μ΄λ‹€."
05:46
Now, I don't think he meant to insult
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μ €λŠ” 그의 말이 λ‹€λ₯Έ 과학뢄야에 λŒ€ν•œ
05:49
the rest of science,
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λͺ¨λ…이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
although he was from New Zealand, so it's possible.
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비둝 κ·Έκ°€ λ‰΄μ§ˆλžœλ“œμ—μ„œ μ™”λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ”λΌκ³ μš”, 뭐 μ•„λ‹μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œμš”.
05:54
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:56
But what he meant was that what we've done, really,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έκ°€ λ§ν•œκ²ƒμ΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆκ» ν•΄μ˜¨ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ •λ§λ‘œμš”.
05:58
is stamp collect there.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ μš°ν‘œ λͺ¨μœΌκΈ° 같은 κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
06:00
OK, we've discovered the particles,
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자, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄μ œκΉŒμ§€ μž…μžλ“€μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
06:02
but unless you understand the underlying
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„
06:04
reason for that pattern -- you know, why it's built the way it is --
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νŒ¨ν„΄ : "λ„λŒ€μ²΄ μ™œ 그것듀이 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ‘Œλ‚˜?" λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§„
06:07
really you've done stamp collecting. You haven't done science.
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μ •λ§λ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ μš°ν‘œμˆ˜μ§‘μ„ ν•œκ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. -- 과학을 ν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
06:10
Fortunately, we have
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λ‹€ν–‰μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œμ£ , μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
06:12
probably one of the greatest scientific achievements of the twentieth century
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20μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ μ΅œλŒ€ 과학적 μ„±κ³Όλ₯Ό
06:15
that underpins that pattern.
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이 νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ λ°ν˜€ λƒ„μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ΄λ£¨μ—ˆμ£ .
06:17
It's the Newton's laws, if you want,
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이건 λ‰΄ν„΄μ˜ λ²•μΉ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 만일 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄
06:19
of particle physics.
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μž…μž 물리학을 ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄.
06:21
It's called the standard model -- beautifully simple mathematical equation.
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이건 "ν‘œμ€€λͺ¨ν˜•" 이라고 뢈리죠 -- μ•„λ¦„λ‹΅κ²Œλ„ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μˆ˜ν•™κ³΅μ‹μ΄μ£ .
06:24
You could stick it on the front of a T-shirt,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이걸 T셔츠에
06:26
which is always the sign of elegance.
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μ—˜λ ˆκ°•μŠ€ν•¨μ˜ 상징이라고 뢙이고 닀닐 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
06:29
This is it.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ΄κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:33
I've been a little disingenuous, because I've expanded it out
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μ œκ°€ μ’€ μ§€λ‚˜μΉ˜κΈ΄ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒλ©΄ μ œκ°€ 이 곡식을
06:35
in all its gory detail.
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μ•„μ£Ό μžμ„Έν•œ λΆ€λΆ„κΉŒμ§€ μ „κ°œν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
06:37
This equation, though, allows you to calculate everything --
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  이 곡식은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ λͺ¨λ“ κ²ƒμ„ κ³„μ‚°ν• μˆ˜ 있게 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
other than gravity -- that happens in the universe.
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쀑λ ₯을 μ œμ™Έν•œ μš°μ£Όμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  κ²ƒλ“€μš”.
06:42
So, you want to know why the sky is blue, why atomic nuclei stick together --
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ν•˜λŠ˜μ΄ μ™œ νŒŒλž€μ§€, μ›μžν•΅λ“€μ΄ μ™œ μ„œλ‘œ κ²°ν•©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄.
06:45
in principle, you've got a big enough computer --
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기본적으둜, 당신이 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 큰 컴퓨터λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄.
06:47
why DNA is the shape it is.
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μ™œ DNAκ°€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ²ΌλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄.
06:49
In principle, you should be able to calculate it from that equation.
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λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ 이 곡식을 κ³„μ‚°ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
But there's a problem.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°μ—” λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
06:55
Can anyone see what it is?
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그게 뭔지 μ•„μ‹œκ² μ–΄μš”?
06:59
A bottle of champagne for anyone that tells me.
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ“ μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν• μˆ˜ μžˆλ„λ‘
07:02
I'll make it easier, actually, by blowing one of the lines up.
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μ •λ§λ‘œ μ œκ°€ 이걸 μ‰½κ²Œ 이야기 ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬μ£ , 이쀑 ν•œ 쀄을 ν™•λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
07:05
Basically, each of these terms
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보톡, 이 뢀뢄듀은
07:07
refers to some of the particles.
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μ–΄λ–€ μž…μžλ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
So those Ws there refer to the Ws, and how they stick together.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ € "Ws"듀은 "W"둜 뢈리고, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 같이 λΆ™μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
These carriers of the weak force, the Zs, the same.
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μ•½λ ₯을 μš΄λ°˜ν•˜λŠ” "Zed"도 μ—­μ‹œ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ§€μš”.
07:15
But there's an extra symbol in this equation: H.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°μ—” 좔가적인 "H"λΌλŠ” κΈ°ν˜Έκ°€ μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
07:17
Right, H.
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예, "H" μš”.
07:19
H stands for Higgs particle.
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"H"λŠ” νž‰μŠ€μž…μžλ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:21
Higgs particles have not been discovered.
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νž‰μŠ€μž…μžλŠ” 아직 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
07:24
But they're necessary: they're necessary
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ . κ·Έ νž‰μŠ€μž…μžλ“€μ€
07:26
to make that mathematics work.
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μ € μˆ˜ν•™κ³΅μ‹μ΄ μœ νš¨ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
So all the exquisitely detailed calculations we can do
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ € 멋진 곡식을 가지고
07:30
with that wonderful equation
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μˆ˜ν–‰ν• μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ³  μ„Έλ°€ν•œ 계산듀이
07:32
wouldn't be possible without an extra bit.
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μ € ν•œκ°œ(νž‰μŠ€) μ—†μ΄λŠ” λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ£ .
07:34
So it's a prediction:
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ˜ˆμƒν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
a prediction of a new particle.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μž…μž(νž‰μŠ€μž…μž)κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€κ΅¬μš”.
07:38
What does it do?
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그럼 이게 뭘 ν•˜λŠ”κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
07:40
Well, we had a long time to come up with good analogies.
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자, 쒋은 μ„€λͺ…을 ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ’€ μ˜›λ‚  이야기λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό κ² κ΅°μš”.
07:42
And back in the 1980s, when we wanted the money
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1980λ…„λŒ€λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ, μ €ν¬λŠ” LHCλ₯Ό κ±΄μ„€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
07:45
for the LHC from the U.K. government,
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영ꡭ 정뢀에 μžκΈˆμ§€μ›μ„ μš”μ²­ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
Margaret Thatcher, at the time, said,
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κ·Έλ•Œ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ— 마거릿 λŒ€μ²˜(λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ˜κ΅­μˆ˜μƒ)이 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
"If you guys can explain, in language
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λ§Œμ•½ 당신듀이
07:51
a politician can understand,
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μ •μΉ˜κ°€λ“€μ΄ μ΄ν•΄ν• μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ” μ–Έμ–΄λ‘œ
07:53
what the hell it is that you're doing, you can have the money.
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당신듀이 뭘 ν• λ €κ³  ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν• μˆ˜ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μžκΈˆμ„ 지원해 μ£Όκ² λ‹€.
07:56
I want to know what this Higgs particle does."
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λ‚˜λŠ” λ„λŒ€μ²΄ νž‰μŠ€μž…μžκ°€ 뭔지 μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άλ‹€."
07:58
And we came up with this analogy, and it seemed to work.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ λ‹Ήν•œ λΉ„μœ λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ 생각해 λƒˆκ³ , 이게 λ¨Ήν˜€λ“€μ–΄κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
Well, what the Higgs does is, it gives mass to the fundamental particles.
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자, νž‰μŠ€μž…μžκ°€ 뭘 ν•˜λŠ”κ±°λƒλ©΄ 기초 μž…μžμ— μ§ˆλŸ‰μ„ μ£ΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:03
And the picture is that the whole universe --
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전체 우주λ₯Ό 함 κ·Έλ €λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:05
and that doesn't mean just space, it means me as well, and inside you --
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κ·Έλƒ₯ 우주뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‹Ήμ‹  내뢀도 ν¬ν•¨ν•΄μ„œμš”.
08:08
the whole universe is full of something called a Higgs field.
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전체 μš°μ£ΌλŠ” νž‰μŠ€μž₯이라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ±„μ›Œμ Έ 있죠.
08:11
Higgs particles, if you will.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ νž‰μŠ€μž…μžλ“€λ‘œμš”.
08:13
The analogy is that these people in a room
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ“€μ–΄μžˆλŠ” 방을 ν•œλ²ˆ λΉ—λŒ€μ–΄ 보죠
08:15
are the Higgs particles.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ νž‰μŠ€ μž…μžλΌ μƒκ°ν•˜κ΅¬μš”.
08:17
Now when a particle moves through the universe,
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이제 μž…μžκ°€ 우주λ₯Ό μ§€λ‚˜κ°€λ©΄
08:19
it can interact with these Higgs particles.
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이런 νž‰μŠ€ μž…μžλ“€κ³Ό μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:22
But imagine someone who's not very popular moves through the room.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ λ³„λ‘œ 유λͺ…ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 방을 μ§€λ‚˜κ°€λ©΄
08:25
Then everyone ignores them. They can just pass through the room very quickly,
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 이λ₯Ό λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜μ£ . κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그듀은 방을 맀우 빨리 μ§€λ‚˜κ°ˆμˆ˜ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
essentially at the speed of light. They're massless.
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거의 λΉ›μ˜ 속도에 맞먹게 말이죠. 이것듀은 μ§ˆλŸ‰μ΄ μ—†λŠ”κ±°μ—μš”.
08:31
And imagine someone incredibly important
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그리고 λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ μ—„μ²­ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ³ 
08:33
and popular and intelligent
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유λͺ…ν•˜κ³  λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
08:35
walks into the room.
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방으둜 κ±Έμ–΄λ“€μ–΄μ˜¨λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:38
They're surrounded by people, and their passage through the room is impeded.
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그듀은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ‘˜λŸ¬ μ‹Έμ΄κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 그듀이 μ§€λ‚˜κ°ˆ 길은 λ°©ν•΄λ˜μ£ .
08:41
It's almost like they get heavy. They get massive.
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이건 그것듀이 λ¬΄κ±°μ›Œ μ§€λŠ”κ²ƒκ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것듀은 μ§ˆλŸ‰μ„ κ°€μ§€κ²Œ 되죠.
08:44
And that's exactly the way the Higgs mechanism works.
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그리고 그게 νž‰μŠ€ λ§€μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ΄ λ™μž‘ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
The picture is that the electrons and the quarks
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이 그림은 μ „μžμ™€ 쿼크,
08:49
in your body and in the universe that we see around us
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λͺΈμ†μ—λ„ 있고 우리 주변에도 μžˆλŠ” 그것듀이
08:52
are heavy, in a sense, and massive,
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λ¬΄κ²λ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ 그리고 μ§ˆλŸ‰μ΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
because they're surrounded by Higgs particles.
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ 이것듀은 νž‰μŠ€ μž…μžλ‘œ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Έμ—¬ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
08:56
They're interacting with the Higgs field.
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그것듀은 νž‰μŠ€μž₯κ³Ό μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:59
If that picture's true,
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이 가정이 사싀이라면,
09:01
then we have to discover those Higgs particles at the LHC.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” LHCλ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 이 νž‰μŠ€μž…μžλ“€μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•΄ λ‚΄μ•Όλ˜κ³ .
09:05
If it's not true -- because it's quite a convoluted mechanism,
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만일 사싀이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλ©΄, 이 (μ§ˆλŸ‰μƒμ„±)λ§€μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ€ κ½€ λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
09:07
although it's the simplest we've been able to think of --
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비둝 그것(νž‰μŠ€μž₯)이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μƒκ°ν• μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 방법이라고 해도
09:10
then whatever does the job of the Higgs particles
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νž‰μŠ€ μž…μžκ°€ 무엇을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λŠ”
09:12
we know have to turn up
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LHCμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€
09:14
at the LHC.
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λ°ν˜€λ‚΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:16
So, that's one of the prime reasons we built this giant machine.
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ 그것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 기계λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 첫번째 μ΄μœ μ΄μ§€μš”.
09:19
I'm glad you recognize Margaret Thatcher.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 마거릿 λŒ€μ²˜λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€λ‹ˆ λ‹€ν–‰μ΄λ„€μš”.
09:21
Actually, I thought about making it more culturally relevant, but --
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사싀, μ €λŠ” 이것을 쒀더 κ·ΈλŸ΄μ‹Έν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€λ €κ³  ν–ˆλŠ”λ°μš”, ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ...
09:24
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:27
anyway.
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μ–΄μ¨Œλ“ .
09:29
So that's one thing.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그것이
09:31
That's essentially a guarantee of what the LHC will find.
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LHCκ°€ 무엇을 μ°Ύμ•„ 낼것인지λ₯Ό ν™•μ‹€νžˆ 보μž₯ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
09:34
There are many other things. You've heard
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—” λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Žμ€ 것듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 듀어왔듯이
09:36
many of the big problems in particle physics.
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μž…μžλ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μ—μ„œλŠ” λ§Žμ€ 큰 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ§€μš”.
09:38
One of them you heard about: dark matter, dark energy.
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그쀑에 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λ°”λ‘œ μ•”ν‘λ¬Όμ§ˆ, 암흑 μ—λ„ˆμ§€μΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:41
There's another issue,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—” λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μŠˆκ°€ μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
09:43
which is that the forces in nature -- it's quite beautiful, actually --
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλ„ μžμ—°μ˜ νž˜μ€ κ½€ 아름닡죠.
09:45
seem, as you go back in time,
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과거둜 λŒμ•„κ°ˆμˆ˜λ‘,
09:47
they seem to change in strength.
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(μžμ—°μ˜)νž˜λ“€μ€ κ·Έ μ„ΈκΈ°κ°€ λ³€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 보이죠.
09:49
Well, they do change in strength.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ, κ·Έ νž˜λ“€μ˜ μ„ΈκΈ°κ°€ λ³€ν™”ν•˜μ£ .
09:51
So, the electromagnetic force, the force that holds us together,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ, 우리의 λͺΈμ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” μ›μžλ“€μ„ ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ λ¬Άμ–΄μ£ΌλŠ” μ „μžκΈ°λ ₯이
09:54
gets stronger as you go to higher temperatures.
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μ˜¨λ„κ°€ 올라갈수둝 κ°•λ ₯ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
The strong force, the strong nuclear force, which sticks nuclei together,
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κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 힘, 즉 핡듀을 λ¬Άμ–΄μ£ΌλŠ” κ°•ν•œ ν•΅λ ₯이
10:00
gets weaker. And what you see is the standard model --
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μ•½ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ³΄λŠ” ν‘œμ€€λͺ¨ν˜• -
10:03
you can calculate how these change -- is the forces,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이제 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 변화듀을 κ³„μ‚°ν• μˆ˜ 있죠 - 이 νž˜λ“€ -
10:05
the three forces, other than gravity,
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쀑λ ₯을 μ œμ™Έν•œ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 3개의 νž˜λ“€μ΄
10:07
almost seem to come together at one point.
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거의 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ λ­‰μΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:09
It's almost as if there was one beautiful
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마치 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ΄ˆκ°•λ ₯ν•œ 힘이
10:11
kind of super-force, back at the beginning of time.
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μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”, μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ‹œμž‘λ  λ•Œ 말이죠.
10:14
But they just miss.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 금방 없어지죠.
10:16
Now there's a theory called super-symmetry,
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이제 μ΄ˆλŒ€μΉ­μ΄λΌλŠ” 이둠이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:18
which doubles the number of particles in the standard model,
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ν‘œμ€€λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ μž…μžμ˜ 수λ₯Ό λ‘λ°°λ‘œ λŠ˜λ¦¬λŠ” 것이죠.
10:21
which, at first sight, doesn't sound like a simplification.
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λ”± λ΄μ„œλŠ” μ „ν˜€ 간단해 보이지 μ•Šμ§€μš”.
10:23
But actually, with this theory,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ, 이 이둠을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ,
10:25
we find that the forces of nature
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μžμ—°μ˜ νž˜λ“€μ΄
10:27
do seem to unify together, back at the Big Bang --
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λΉ…λ±… λ•Œμ—λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ ν†΅μΌλ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:30
absolutely beautiful prophecy. The model wasn't built to do that,
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정말 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 예츑이죠. 이 λͺ¨λΈμ€ μ΄κ²ƒλ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€μ§„ μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
10:33
but it seems to do it.
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마치 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 보이죠.
10:35
Also, those super-symmetric particles
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 이 μ΄ˆλŒ€μΉ­ μž…μžλ“€μ€
10:37
are very strong candidates for the dark matter.
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ꡉμž₯히 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ•”ν‘λ¬Όμ§ˆ ν›„λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
So a very compelling theory
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이건 ꡉμž₯히 μ•žμ„  이둠이자
10:41
that's really mainstream physics.
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μ§„μ§œ μ£Όλ₯˜ 물리학이죠.
10:43
And if I was to put money on it, I would put money on --
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그리고 만일 μ œκ°€ λˆμ„ 건닀면, μ €λŠ” -
10:45
in a very unscientific way -- that
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μ’€ 맀우 λΉ„ 과학적인 λ°©λ²•μ΄μ§€λ§Œ -
10:47
that these things would also crop up at the LHC.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ΄ˆλŒ€μΉ­ μž…μžλ“€μ΄ LHC에 μž‘νžκ²ƒμ— κ±Έκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:50
Many other things that the LHC could discover.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Žμ€ 것듀도 LHCκ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•΄ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:53
But in the last few minutes, I just want to give you
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λͺ‡λΆ„λ™μ•ˆ, μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ
10:56
a different perspective
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μ €μ˜ μž…μž 물리학과 μš°μ£Όλ‘ μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 생각을
10:58
of what I think -- what particle physics
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λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. - μž…μž 물리학이
11:00
really means to me -- particle physics and cosmology.
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μ§„μ§œ μ €μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ˜λ―ΈμΈμ§€μš”-
11:03
And that's that I think it's given us a wonderful
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μž…μž 물리학과 μš°μ£Όλ‘ μ€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 멋진 λ‚˜λ ˆμ΄μ…˜μ„ λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:06
narrative -- almost a creation story,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” μ°½μ‘° 이야기,
11:09
if you'd like -- about the universe,
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우주의 μ°½μ‘° 이야기,
11:11
from modern science over the last few decades.
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이것듀은 ν˜„λŒ€ κ³Όν•™μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° 이후 μˆ˜μ‹­λ…„ λ™μ•ˆμ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
11:14
And I'd say that it deserves,
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그리고 이것이 이런 κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:16
in the spirit of Wade Davis' talk,
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즉, μ›¨μ΄λ“œ λ°μ΄λΉ„μŠ€μ˜ 정신에 κΈ°μ΄ˆν•˜μ—¬,
11:18
to be at least put up there with these wonderful creation stories
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적어도 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 창쑰에 λŒ€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό
11:21
of the peoples of the high Andes and the frozen north.
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높은 μ•ˆλ°μŠ€μ™€ 얼어뢙은 뢁ꡬ의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œλ„ μ „ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³ μš”.
11:25
This is a creation story, I think, equally as wonderful.
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이 μ°½μ‘° μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ—” 기적과도 κ°™λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:29
The story goes like this: we know that
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μ΄μ΄κΈ°λŠ” μ΄λŸ°μ‹μœΌλ‘œ ν˜λŸ¬κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€ :
11:31
the universe began 13.7 billion years ago,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°μ£Όκ°€ 137 얡년전에 생겼고,
11:34
in an immensely hot, dense state,
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μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 뜨겁고, λΉ½λΉ½ν•œ μƒνƒœμ˜€μœΌλ©°,
11:37
much smaller than a single atom.
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ν•œκ°œμ˜ μ›μžλ³΄λ‹€λ„ 훨씬 μž‘μ€ μƒνƒœμ˜€λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
It began to expand about
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” 컀지기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ—ˆμ£  μ•½
11:41
a million, billion, billion, billion billionth
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수 백만의 μ–΅ μ–΅ μ–΅ μ–΅ λΆ„μ˜
11:44
of a second -- I think I got that right -- after the Big Bang.
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μΌμ΄ˆν›„ - 제 생각이 μ˜³λ‹€λ©΄ - 빅뱅후에 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:48
Gravity separated away from the other forces.
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쀑λ ₯이 λ‹€λ₯Έ νž˜λ“€μ—μ„œ λΆ„λ¦¬λ˜μ–΄ λ‚˜μ™”κ³ 
11:50
The universe then underwent
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μΈν”Œλ ˆμ΄μ…˜μ΄λΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”
11:52
an exponential expansion called inflation.
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κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ μΈ ν™•μž₯을 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
11:55
In about the first billionth of a second or so,
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μ•½ μˆ˜μ–΅λΆ„μ˜ μΌμ΄ˆκ°€ μ‹œμž‘λ  μ―€μ—λŠ”
11:57
the Higgs field kicked in, and the quarks
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νž‰μŠ€μž₯이 μƒμ„±λ˜κ³ , 쿼크와
11:59
and the gluons and the electrons
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κΈ€λ£¨μ˜¨λ“€κ³Ό μ „μžλ“€μ΄ 생겨
12:02
that make us up got mass.
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ΄ μ§ˆλŸ‰μ„ 가지도둝 ν•΄μ£Όμ£ .
12:04
The universe continued to expand and cool.
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” 계속 컀지고 μ°¨κ°€μ›Œμ§€μ£ .
12:07
After about a few minutes,
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μ•½ μˆ˜λΆ„μ΄ μ§€λ‚œ 후에,
12:09
there was hydrogen and helium in the universe. That's all.
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μˆ˜μ†Œμ™€ ν—¬λ₯¨μ΄ μš°μ£Όμ— μƒκ²¨λ‚˜μ£ . 그게 μ „λΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:12
The universe was about 75 percent hydrogen,
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우주의 μ•½ 75νΌμ„ΌνŠΈκ°€ μˆ˜μ†Œμ΄κ³ ,
12:15
25 percent helium. It still is today.
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25νΌμ„ΌνŠΈκ°€ ν—¬λ₯¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆλ„ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:18
It continued to expand
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ»€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:20
about 300 million years.
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μ•½ 3μ–΅λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 말이죠.
12:22
Then light began to travel through the universe.
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그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ 빛이 우주λ₯Ό λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:24
It was big enough to be transparent to light,
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μš°μ£Όκ°€ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ»€μ Έμ„œ 빛이 λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹μˆ˜ μžˆμ„λ§ŒνΌ 투λͺ…ν•΄μ‘ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
12:26
and that's what we see in the cosmic microwave background
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그리고 그것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 우주 λ°°κ²½ 볡사라 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ”κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
that George Smoot described
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쑰지 μŠ€λ¬΄νŠΈκ°€
12:30
as looking at the face of God.
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μ‹ μ˜ 얼꡴이라고 이야기 ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
12:32
After about 400 million years, the first stars formed,
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μ•½ 4μ–΅λ…„ 후에 첫번째 별듀이 μƒκ²¨λ‚¬μ§€μš”.
12:35
and that hydrogen, that helium, then began to cook
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그리고 μˆ˜μ†Œμ™€ 헬룸이 ν•©μ³μ§€λ©΄μ„œ
12:37
into the heavier elements.
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μ’€ 더 무거운 μ›μ†Œλ“€μ΄ μƒκ²¨λ‚˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:39
So the elements of life --
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 생λͺ…을 μ΄λ£¨λŠ” μ›μ†Œλ“€ --
12:41
carbon, and oxygen and iron,
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νƒ„μ†Œ, μ‚°μ†Œ 그리고 μ² λ“±
12:43
all the elements that we need to make us up --
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우리λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ›μ†Œλ“€μ΄
12:45
were cooked in those first generations of stars,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 첫 μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ λ³„μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:48
which then ran out of fuel, exploded,
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그리고 λ³„μ˜ μ—°λ£Œκ°€ μ†Œλ©Έλ˜μž, ν­λ°œν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
12:50
threw those elements back into the universe.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ›μ†Œλ“€μ„ λ‹€μ‹œ 우주둜 뿌렸죠.
12:53
They then re-collapsed into another generation
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이 μ›μ†Œλ“€μ€ λ‹€μ‹œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 별듀과 행성듀을
12:55
of stars and planets.
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μƒμ„±ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λ­‰μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:58
And on some of those planets, the oxygen, which had been created
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그리고 이듀 λͺ‡λͺ‡μ˜ ν–‰μ„±λ“€μ—λŠ”
13:01
in that first generation of stars, could fuse with hydrogen
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μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— μƒμ„±λœ λ³„μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ μ‚°μ†Œκ°€ μˆ˜μ†Œμ™€ μœ΅ν•©ν•˜μ—¬
13:04
to form water, liquid water on the surface.
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물을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν‘œλ©΄μ— 물이 흐λ₯΄κ²Œ 되죠.
13:07
On at least one, and maybe only one of those planets,
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이런 행성쀑에 적어도 ν•˜λ‚˜, λ˜λŠ” 정말 ν•œκ°œμ˜ ν–‰μ„±μ—μ„œ,
13:10
primitive life evolved,
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초기의 생λͺ…이 μ§„ν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
which evolved over millions of years into
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이 생λͺ…은 μˆ˜λ°±λ§Œλ…„μ— 걸쳐
13:15
things that walked upright and left footprints
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λ‘λ°œλ‘œ 걸을 μ •λ„μ˜ 쑴재둜 μ§„ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ λ°œμžκ΅­μ„ λ‚¨κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:17
about three and a half million years ago in the mud flats of Tanzania,
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μ•½ 3λ°± 5μ‹­λ§Œλ…„ μ „μ˜ νƒ„μžλ‹ˆμ•„μ˜ 진흙밭에 말이죠.
13:20
and eventually
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그리고 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€
13:22
left a footprint on another world.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 세상에 λ°œμžκ΅­μ„ λ‚¨κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:24
And built this civilization,
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그리고 이 λ¬Έλͺ…을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒˆμ£ .
13:26
this wonderful picture,
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μ—¬κΈ° 멋진 그림이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:28
that turned the darkness into light,
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어둠을 λΉ›μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΏˆμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
13:31
and you can see the civilization from space.
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μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ λ¬Έλͺ…을 λ°”λΌλ³Όμˆ˜ 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
13:33
As one of my great heroes, Carl Sagan, said,
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μ €μ˜ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ˜μ›…μ€‘ ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμΈ μΉΌ 세이건이 λ§ν•˜κΈΈ,
13:36
these are the things -- and actually, not only these,
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"이것듀이 그것이닀."라 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μ •λ§λ‘œ, 였직 이것듀 뿐만이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
13:38
but I was looking around -- these are the things,
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제 μ£Όλ³€μ˜ 이것듀이 정말 "그것"(μˆ˜μ†Œμ—μ„œ 이뀄진 것듀)μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:40
like Saturn V rockets, and Sputnik,
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μƒˆν„΄ V λ‘œμΌ“μ΄λ‚˜, μŠ€ν‘ΈνŠΈλ‹ˆν¬
13:43
and DNA, and literature and science --
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DNA, 그리고 λ¬Έν•™κ³Ό κ³Όν•™
13:45
these are the things that hydrogen atoms do
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀이 μˆ˜μ†Œμ›μžλ“€μ΄ μ΄λ€„λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μ§€μš”.
13:47
when given 13.7 billion years.
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137얡년전에 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ μˆ˜μ†Œμ›μžλ“€μ΄μš”.
13:51
Absolutely remarkable.
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μ •λ§λ‘œ λ†€λΌμš΄ 일이자
13:53
And, the laws of physics. Right?
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물리의 법칙 μ΄μ§€μš”. 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
13:55
So, the right laws of physics --
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬, μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ 물리의 법칙듀이
13:57
they're beautifully balanced.
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μ•„λ¦„λ‹΅κ²Œ κ· ν˜•μ„ 이루고 μžˆμ§€μš”.
13:59
If the weak force had been a little bit different,
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만일 μ•½λ ₯이 μ•½κ°„λ§Œ λ‹¬λžλ‹€κ³  ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
14:01
then carbon and oxygen wouldn't be stable
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νƒ„μ†Œλ‚˜ μˆ˜μ†ŒλŠ” μ•ˆμ •λ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:03
inside the hearts of stars,
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λ³„μ˜ 심μž₯속에 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μš”,
14:05
and there would be none of that in the universe.
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그리고 μš°μ£Όμ—λŠ” 무엇도 μ‘΄μž¬ν• μˆ˜ μ—†μ—ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:08
And I think that's
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그리고 μ €λŠ” κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 것,
14:10
a wonderful and significant story.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 사싀이 λ†€λžκ³  멋지닀고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:12
50 years ago, I couldn't have told that story,
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50년전에 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:14
because we didn't know it.
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ 잘 λͺ°λžμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
14:16
It makes me really feel that
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제게 이건 이런 λŠλ‚Œμ„ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:18
that civilization --
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μ € λ¬Έλͺ…이 -
14:20
which, as I say, if you believe
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제 말처럼, 만일 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄
14:22
the scientific creation story,
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이런 과학적 창쑰둠을 λ―ΏλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ -
14:24
has emerged purely as a result of the laws of physics,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ λ¬Έλͺ…이 λ¬Όλ¦¬λ²•μΉ™μ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ‘œμ„œ μˆœμˆ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ“±μž₯ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
14:27
and a few hydrogen atoms --
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λͺ‡κ°œμ˜ μˆ˜μ†Œ μ›μžλ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ κ²ƒλ“€μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 λ―ΏλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
14:29
then I think, to me anyway,
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, μ €λ‘œμ„œλŠ” μ–΄μ°Œλ˜μ—ˆλ“ ,
14:32
it makes me feel incredibly valuable.
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맀우 큰 λ³΄λžŒμ„ λŠλ‚„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:34
So that's the LHC.
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이제, 저것이 LHCμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:36
The LHC is certainly, when it turns on in summer,
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LHCκ°€ 올 여름에 λ™μž‘ν•˜κ²Œ 되면
14:39
going to write the next chapter of that book.
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μ±…(역사)의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€λ₯Ό μ“°κ²Œλ  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:42
And I'm certainly looking forward with
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그리고 μ €λŠ” 맀우 ν₯λΆ„λœ μƒνƒœλ‘œ
14:44
immense excitement to it being turned on.
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LHCκ°€ κ°€λ™λ˜κΈ°λ₯Ό 손꼽아 기닀리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:46
Thanks.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:48
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)

Original video on YouTube.com
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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