How do you know you exist? - James Zucker

詹姆斯•祖克尔:你如何意识到自己的存在?

2,548,412 views ・ 2014-08-14

TED-Ed


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

翻译人员: Kai Cui 校对人员: Zhiting Chen
00:07
How do you know you're real?
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你如何意识到自己的真实存在?
00:10
It's an obvious question until you try to answer it,
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这是个显而易见的问题 但回答起来不容易,
00:12
but let's take it seriously.
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让我们严肃地讨论一下。
00:14
How do you really know you exist?
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你如何才能真正意识到自己的存在?
00:17
In his "Meditations on First Philosophy,"
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勒内•笛卡尔在他的《第一哲学 沉思集》中,试图回答这个问题,
00:19
René Descartes tried to answer that very question,
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00:23
demolishing all his preconceived notions and opinions
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他推翻了所有先入为主的概念, 从根源上重新思考。
00:26
to begin again from the foundations.
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00:28
All his knowledge had come from his sensory perceptions of the world.
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他所有的知识都来源于他的感官 对这个世界的洞察。
00:32
Same as you, right?
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你也是这样,对吗?
00:33
You know you're watching this video with your eyes, hearing it with your ears.
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你知道自己在用眼睛看这个 视频,用你的耳朵听声音
00:37
Your senses show you the world as it is.
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你的感官告诉你 这个世界是什么样子的。
00:40
They aren't deceiving you, but sometimes they do.
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感觉器官并没有欺骗你, 但有时候也会欺骗。
00:43
You might mistake a person far away for someone else,
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从远处看,你或许会 把一个人当作另外一个人,
00:46
or you're sure you're about to catch a flyball,
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或者你确定可以抓住飞来的棒球, 可是它却掉在地上。
00:48
and it hits the ground in front of you.
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00:50
But come on, right here and now,
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但是不管怎样,此时此刻, 你知道面前的一切都是真实的。
00:52
you know what's right in front of you is real.
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00:54
Your eyes, your hands, your body: that's you.
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你的眼睛、你的手、 你的身体,组成了你。
00:57
Only crazy people would deny that, and you know you're not crazy.
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只有疯子才会不承认这个事实, 你知道自己不是疯子。
01:00
Anyone who'd doubt that must be dreaming.
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对这一点持怀疑态度的人 一定是在做梦。
01:03
Oh no, what if you're dreaming?
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噢对了,如果你真的是在做梦呢?
01:06
Dreams feel real.
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梦给人真实的感觉。
01:08
You can believe you're swimming, flying
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你觉得自己在游泳、在飞翔、 在赤手空拳地和怪物搏斗,
01:10
or fighting off monsters with your bare hands,
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01:12
when your real body is lying in bed.
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可你的身体依然躺在床上。
01:15
No, no, no.
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不不不,你在醒过来之后 知道自己是清醒的。
01:16
When you're awake, you know you're awake.
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01:18
Ah! But when you aren't, you don't know you aren't,
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可是,当你睡着的时候, 你并不知道自己是睡着的,
01:21
so you can't prove you aren't dreaming.
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所以你并不能证明 你现在不是在做梦。
01:24
Maybe the body you perceive yourself to have isn't really there.
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或许你感知到的自己的身体, 其实并不存在。
01:29
Maybe all of reality, even its abstract concepts,
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或许所有的现实, 甚至那些抽象的概念,
01:31
like time, shape, color and number are false,
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包括时间、形状、颜色和数字, 都不是真实的,
01:36
all just deceptions concocted
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所有的一切都是 一个邪恶天才捏造出来的。
01:38
by an evil genius!
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01:40
No, seriously.
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严肃地说,不是这样
01:41
Descartes asks if you can disprove the idea that an evil genius demon
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笛卡尔在书中问到,你是否可以 证明的确没有一个邪恶的天才
01:46
has tricked you into believing reality is real.
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欺骗你相信周围的世界是真实的。
01:50
Perhaps this diabolical deceiver has duped you.
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或许这个邪恶的骗子 真的欺骗了你。
01:53
The world, your perceptions of it, your very body.
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让你相信周围的世界, 相信自己的感知、自己的身体。
01:56
You can't disprove that they're all just made up,
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既然无法证明这一切都不是捏造出来的,那 么你怎么能在没有这一切的环境中生存呢?
01:59
and how could you exist without them?
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02:01
You couldn't! So, you don't.
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你不能,所以你并不是 在这样的环境中生存的。
02:03
Life is but a dream,
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生活就是一场梦,我相信你绝不是 永远兴高采烈地划着这艘船,对吗?
02:05
and I bet you aren't row, row, rowing the boat merrily at all, are you?
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02:10
No, you're rowing it wearily
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当然不是,你就像一个受骗的傻瓜,或者像一个你 是或不是的一个根本不存在蠢货,疲惫不堪地划船。
02:11
like the duped, nonexistent doof you are/aren't.
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02:17
Do you find that convincing?
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这么说有道理吗?
02:18
Are you persuaded?
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你被说服了吗?
02:20
If you aren't, good; if you are, even better,
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如果还没有被说服,很好, 如果已经被说服,那更好了,
02:23
because by being persuaded,
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因为如果被说服了,说明 你是一个有思想的存在。
02:25
you would prove that you're a persuaded being.
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02:29
You can't be nothing if you think you're something,
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如果你认为自己是某种事物, 那就不能说你什么都不是。
02:31
even if you think that something is nothing
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即使你认为自己是“什么都不是”
02:34
because no matter what you think, you're a thinking thing,
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因为无论你怎样认为, 你都是一个有思想的个体。
02:37
or as Descartes put it, "I think, therefore I am,"
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或者就像笛卡尔所说:“我思故我在。”
02:42
and so are you, really.
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你也是这样,真的。
02:43
(Airplane engine)
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