What makes a hero? - Matthew Winkler

怎么当英雄？- Matthew Winkler

Translator: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

翻译人员: Minji Seo 校对人员: Justine Bai

What do Harry Potter,

哈利·波特

Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo

凯尼斯‧艾佛丁

佛罗多

all have in common with the heroes of ancient myths?

这些角色和古代神话英雄有什么共同点？

(Roar)

What if I told you they are all variants of the same hero?

如果我说他们其实是同一个英雄的化身

Do you believe that?

你相信吗？

Joseph Campbell did.

约瑟夫‧坎贝尔信了

He studied myths from all over the world and published a book called

他研究世界神话

出版了一本名为

"The Hero with a Thousand Faces,"

《千面英雄》的书

retelling dozens of stories

书中重述了好几个故事

and explaining how each represents the mono-myth,

解释每个故事是如何表现一元神话

or Hero's Journey.

或英雄之旅

So, what is the "hero's journey"?

那么 什么是英雄之旅？

Think of it as a cycle.

把它想成是一种循环的过程

The journey begins and ends in a hero's ordinary world,

英雄之旅的起始和结束都在英雄的平凡世界

but the quest passes through an unfamiliar, special world.

但冒险旅程却发生在另一个陌生特别的世界中

Along the way, there are some key events.

旅程中会发生一些大事

Think about your favorite book or movie.

想一想你最喜欢的书或电影

Does it follow this pattern?

是不是符合这个公式呢？

Status quo, that's where we start.

现状 是开始的地方

一点钟：冒险开始

1:00: Call to Adventure.

The hero receives a mysterious message.

英雄接到了一则神秘讯息

An invitation, a challenge?

一封邀请函？

或是一场挑战？

2:00: Assistance

两点钟：支援出现

The hero needs some help, probably from someone older, wiser.

英雄需要帮手

或许是哪位年长的智者

3:00: Departure

三点钟：启程

The hero crosses the threshold from his normal, safe home,

英雄步出平凡安稳的家门

and enters the special world and adventure.

踏入不凡的世界展开冒险

We're not in Kansas anymore.

我们再也不在老家了

4:00: Trials

四点钟：考验

Being a hero is hard work:

当英雄可不简单

our hero solves a riddle,

要能解谜

slays a monster,

杀死怪物

escapes from a trap.

逃脱陷阱

5:00: Approach

五点钟：任务

It's time to face the biggest ordeal, the hero's worst fear.

此时 英雄面对最严峻考验

面对内心的恐惧

(Roar)

6:00: Crisis

六点钟：危机

This is the hero's darkest hour.

这是最黑暗的时刻

He faces death and possibly even dies,

英雄要面对死亡甚至为了能够重生

only to be reborn.

必须先死过一次

7:00: Treasure

七点钟：宝物

(Roar)

As a result, the hero claims some treasure,

渡过危难 英雄会获得一样宝物

special recognition, or power.

特别的认知 或是力量

8:00: Result

八点钟；结果

This can vary between stories.

每个故事各有不同

Do the monsters bow down before the hero,

是怪物俯首称臣

or do they chase him as he flees from the special world?

还是怪物紧追不放 英雄逃离这个特别的世界

9:00: Return

就点钟：荣归

After all that adventure, the hero returns to his ordinary world.

结束冒险旅程后 英雄回归平凡

10:00: New Life

十点钟：新人生

This quest has changed the hero; he has outgrown his old life.

这趟旅程改变了英雄

他再也不是昔日吴下阿蒙

11:00: Resolution

十一点钟：解答

All the tangled plot lines get straightened out.

所有未解环节终于被一一解开

12:00: Status Quo,

十二点钟：现状

but upgraded to a new level.

但提升到新的水平

Nothing is quite the same once you are a hero.

一旦成为英雄 所有事都不一样了

Many popular books and movies

许多畅销书和电影

follow this ancient formula pretty closely.

都十分贴近这样的公式

But let's see how well "The Hunger Games" fits the hero's journey template.

现在我们来看看《饥饿游戏》如何完美地套用这个英雄公式

When does Katniss Everdeen hear her call to adventure

凯尼斯‧艾佛丁的冒险故事

开始于何处？

that gets the story moving?

When her sister's name is called from the lottery.

是她的小妹妹被抽中了

How about assistance?

她的支援呢？

Is anyone going to help her on her adventure?

有谁来帮助她吗？

Haymitch.

指导员黑密斯

What about departure?

启程呢？

Does she leave her ordinary world?

她是不是离开了原本平凡世界？

She gets on a train to the capital.

搭上了前往首都的火车

OK, so you get the idea.

好 你现在有个概念了吧！

What do you have in common with Harry Potter,

你和

哈利·波特

Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo?

凯尼斯‧艾佛丁

以及佛罗多之间的共同点是什么？

Well, you're human, just like them.

你是一个平凡人 和他们一样

The Hero's Journey myth exists in all human cultures

英雄之旅存在于所有的文化中

and keeps getting updated,

并且不断地推陈出新

because we humans reflect on our world

因为我们人类通过自身生活中极具象征性的故事

through symbolic stories of our own lives.

反映出所处的世界

You leave your comfort zone,

你离开了熟悉的一切

have an experience that transforms you,

历经了足以改变一生的事件

and then you recover and do it again.

然后从中复元 再次展开下一次循环

You don't literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort,

你当然不用真的去杀死怪物或是对抗伏地魔

but you face problems just as scary.

但是面对的问题却同样吓人

Joseph Campbell said,

约瑟夫‧坎贝尔说

"In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek."

“在你不敢踏足的洞穴里躺着你在寻找的宝藏。”

What is the symbolic cave you fear to enter?

你害怕的那个洞穴是什么呢？

Auditions for the school play?

学校的戏剧公演？

Baseball tryouts?

篮球队的选秀赛？

Love?

谈恋爱？

Watch for this formula in books, movies, and TV shows you come across.

在所接触的书 电影和电视剧里找找这个英雄公式吧

You will certainly see it again.

你一定会看到的

But also be sensitive to it in your own life.

但对日常生活也要保持敏锐

Listen for your call to adventure.

等待属于你的冒险故事的开始

Accept the challenge.

勇于接受挑战

Conquer your fear and claim the treasure you seek.

克服心中恐惧

追寻渴望的宝藏

And then,

然后

do it all over again.

再来一次吧！