What makes a hero? - Matthew Winkler

怎麼當英雄? - Matthew Winkler

Translator: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

譯者: Meilun Shih 審譯者: 盧 曉天

What do Harry Potter,

哈利波特

Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo

凱妮絲‧艾佛丁

佛羅多

all have in common with the heroes of ancient myths?

這些角色和古神話英雄有什麼共同點？

(Roar)

What if I told you they are all variants of the same hero?

要是我告訴你，他們其實是同一個英雄的化身

Do you believe that?

你相信嗎？

Joseph Campbell did.

Joseph Campbell相信

He studied myths from all over the world and published a book called

他研究世界神話後

出版了一本名為

"The Hero with a Thousand Faces,"

「千面英雄」的書

retelling dozens of stories

書中重述了幾個故事

and explaining how each represents the mono-myth,

解釋每個故事中表現出「一元神話」

or Hero's Journey.

或「英雄之旅」之處

So, what is the "hero's journey"?

所以，何謂「英雄之旅」？

Think of it as a cycle.

就把它想成是一種循環的過程吧

The journey begins and ends in a hero's ordinary world,

英雄之旅的開始和結束，都在英雄的平凡世界

but the quest passes through an unfamiliar, special world.

但冒險旅程卻發生在另一個陌生、不凡的世界中

Along the way, there are some key events.

過程中，則會發生一些大事

Think about your favorite book or movie.

想想你最喜歡的一本書或一部電影

Does it follow this pattern?

是不是符合這個公式呢？

Status quo, that's where we start.

現狀，是開始的地方

1點鐘：冒險開始

1:00: Call to Adventure.

The hero receives a mysterious message.

英雄接到了一則神秘訊息

An invitation, a challenge?

一封邀請函？

或是一場挑戰？

2:00: Assistance

2點鐘：支援出現

The hero needs some help, probably from someone older, wiser.

英雄需要幫手

或許是哪位年長的智者

3:00: Departure

3點鐘：啓程

The hero crosses the threshold from his normal, safe home,

英雄步出平凡安穩的家門

and enters the special world and adventure.

踏入不凡的世界展開冒險

We're not in Kansas anymore.

我們再也不在老家了

4:00: Trials

4點鐘：試煉

Being a hero is hard work:

當英雄可不簡單

our hero solves a riddle,

要能解謎

slays a monster,

屠龍

escapes from a trap.

自陷阱逃脫

5:00: Approach

5點鐘：任務

It's time to face the biggest ordeal, the hero's worst fear.

該是英雄面對最大考驗

惡夢成真的時候了

(Roar)

6:00: Crisis

6點鐘：危機

This is the hero's darkest hour.

這是最黑暗的時刻

He faces death and possibly even dies,

英雄要面對死亡，甚至為了能夠重生

only to be reborn.

必須先死過一次

7:00: Treasure

7點鐘：寶物

(Roar)

As a result, the hero claims some treasure,

渡過危難，英雄會獲得一樣寶物

special recognition, or power.

特別身分、或是權力

8:00: Result

8點鐘：結果

This can vary between stories.

每個故事各有不同

Do the monsters bow down before the hero,

看是怪物伏首稱臣

or do they chase him as he flees from the special world?

或是被成功地驅離他方

9:00: Return

9點鐘：榮歸

After all that adventure, the hero returns to his ordinary world.

結束冒險旅程後，英雄回歸平凡

10:00: New Life

10點：新人生

This quest has changed the hero; he has outgrown his old life.

這趟旅程改變了英雄

他再也不是昔日吳下阿蒙

11:00: Resolution

11點鐘：解答

All the tangled plot lines get straightened out.

所有未解環結終於被一一解開

12:00: Status Quo,

12點鐘：現狀

but upgraded to a new level.

但卻是嶄新的一頁

Nothing is quite the same once you are a hero.

一旦成為英雄，所有事都不一樣了

Many popular books and movies

許多暢銷書和電影

follow this ancient formula pretty closely.

都十分貼近這樣的公式

But let's see how well "The Hunger Games" fits the hero's journey template.

現在讓我們來看看「飢餓遊戲」 如何完美地套用這個英雄公式

When does Katniss Everdeen hear her call to adventure

凱妮絲‧艾佛丁的冒險故事

開始於何處？

that gets the story moving?

When her sister's name is called from the lottery.

是當她的小妹妹被抽中了樂透

How about assistance?

她的支援呢？

Is anyone going to help her on her adventure?

有誰來幫助她嗎？

Haymitch.

指導員黑密契

What about departure?

啓程時呢？

Does she leave her ordinary world?

她是不是離開了她的平凡世界？

She gets on a train to the capital.

搭上了前往首都的火車

OK, so you get the idea.

好，你現在有個概念了吧！

What do you have in common with Harry Potter,

你和

哈利波特

Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo?

凱妮絲‧艾佛丁

以及佛羅多之間的共同點是什麼？

Well, you're human, just like them.

你是一個平凡人，就像他們一樣

The Hero's Journey myth exists in all human cultures

英雄之旅存在於所有的文化中

and keeps getting updated,

而且不斷的地推陳出新

because we humans reflect on our world

因為藉由這些代表了自身生活的象徵性故事

through symbolic stories of our own lives.

我們反映出了所處世界

You leave your comfort zone,

你離開了熟悉的一切

have an experience that transforms you,

歷經足以轉變一生的經驗

and then you recover and do it again.

然後從中復元，再次展開下一次循環

You don't literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort,

你當然不用真的去屠龍或是對抗佛地魔

but you face problems just as scary.

但是面對的問題卻同樣嚇人

Joseph Campbell said,

Joseph Campbell說

"In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek."

「不敢踏足的洞穴裡，才藏著寶藏。」

What is the symbolic cave you fear to enter?

你害怕的那個洞穴是什麼呢？

Auditions for the school play?

學校的戲劇公演？

Baseball tryouts?

籃球隊的選秀賽？

Love?

談戀愛？

Watch for this formula in books, movies, and TV shows you come across.

在所接觸到的書本、電影 和電視節目裡找找看這個英雄公式吧！

You will certainly see it again.

你一定可以看到的

But also be sensitive to it in your own life.

但對日常生活也要保持敏銳

Listen for your call to adventure.

等待屬於你的冒險故事開始

Accept the challenge.

勇於接受挑戰

Conquer your fear and claim the treasure you seek.

克服心中恐懼

追尋渴望的寶藏

And then,

然後

do it all over again.

再來一次吧