Why is the Mona Lisa so famous? - Noah Charney

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Korom

As dawn broke over Paris on August 21st, 1911,

Dok se zora rađala nad Parizom 21. avgusta 1911. godine,

Vincenzo Peruggia hoisted a painting off the wall

Vinćenco Peruđa je otkačio sliku sa zida

and slipped down the back stairs of the Louvre.

i skliznuo niz sporedne stepenice Luvra.

He was close to freedom, the exit just before him

Sloboda je bila nadohvat ruke, izlaz pravo pred njim

when he encountered a two-pronged problem:

kada je naišao na dvostruki problem:

the door was locked and footsteps were approaching.

vrata su bila zaključana, a koraci su se približavali.

Tucked under Peruggia’s arm was Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa.”

Ušuškana pod Peruđinom rukom je bila „Mona Liza” Leonarda da Vinčija.

It's arguably the world's most famous painting today.

Radi se trenutno o verovatno najpoznatijoj slici na svetu.

But how did it achieve its status?

Međutim, kako je postigla svoj status?

Leonardo is thought to have started the portrait in 1503

Smatra se da je Leonardo započeo portret 1503. godine

at the request of a Florentine businessman

na zahtev jednog firentinskog biznismena

who wanted a portrait of his wife, Lisa Gherardini.

koji je želeo portret svoje supruge Lize Gerardini.

Leonardo continued working on the painting for more than 10 years,

Leonardo je u kontinuitetu radio na slici preko 10 godina,

but it was unfinished by the time he died.

međutim, bila je nedovršena u trenutku njegove smrti.

Over his lifetime, Leonardo conducted groundbreaking studies on human optics,

Tokom svog života, Leonardo je vršio revolucionarna ispitivanja ljudske optike

which led him to pioneer certain artistic techniques.

zbog kojih je postao rodonačelnik izvesnih umetničkih tehnika.

Some can be seen in the “Mona Lisa.”

Neke od njih su vidljive na „Mona Lizi”.

Using “atmospheric perspective,” he made images at greater distances hazier,

Upotrebom „vazdušne perspektive”, prizori u daljini su bili zamagljeniji,

producing the illusion of profound depth.

stvarajući iluziju istinske dubine.

And with “sfumato,” he created subtle gradations between colors

A „sfumatom” je stvarao suptilne prelaze između boja

that softened the edges of the forms he depicted.

koji su ublažavali ivice oblika koje je oslikavao.

All of this is striking,

Sve ovo je upečatljivo,

but is it enough to make the “Mona Lisa” the world’s most famous painting?

ali da li je dovoljno da učini „Mona Lizu” najpoznatijom slikom na svetu?

Many scholars consider it an outstanding Renaissance portrait—

Mnogi akademici je smatraju izvanrednim renesansnim portretom -

but one among plenty.

ali jednim u gomili drugih.

And history is full of great paintings.

Pri tom, istorija obiluje sjajnim slikama.

Indeed, the “Mona Lisa’s” rise to worldwide fame

Usitinu, „Mona Lizin” uspon do svetske slave

depended largely on factors beyond the canvas.

je zavisio umnogome od faktora izvan platna.

King François the First of France purchased the painting

Kralj Fransoa Prvi od Francuske je kupio sliku

and began displaying it after Leonardo’s death.

i počeo da je pokazuje nakon Leonardove smrti.

Then, in 1550, Italian scholar Giorgio Vasari

Potom, 1550. godine, italijanski učenjak Đorđo Vasari

published a popular biography of Italian Renaissance artists,

je objavio popularnu biografiju italijanskih renesansnih umetnika,

Leonardo included.

uključujući i Leonarda.

The book was translated and distributed widely,

Knjiga je prevedena i naširoko distribuirana,

and it contained a gushing description of the “Mona Lisa”

a sadržala je slatkorečiv opis „Mona Lize”

as a hypnotic imitation of life.

kao hipnotične imitacije života.

Over the years, the “Mona Lisa” became one of the most enviable pieces

Tokom godina, „Mona Liza” je postala jedan od najpoželjnijih komada

in the French Royal Collection.

u Francuskoj kraljevskoj kolekciji.

It hung in Napoleon’s bedroom and eventually went on public display

Visila je u Napoleonovoj spavaćoj sobi i kasnije je izložena za javnost

in the Louvre Museum.

u muzeju Luvr,

There, visitors flocked to see the once-private treasures

gde su posetioci hrlili da vide nekad privatna blaga

of the deposed aristocracy.

svrgnute aristokratije.

During the 1800s, a series of European scholars further hyped the “Mona Lisa” up,

Tokom 1800-ih, niz evropskih učenjaka su napravili dodatnu famu oko „Mona Lize”,

fixating to a conspicuous degree on the subject's allure.

usredsređujući se na izraženi stepen privlačnosti slike.

In 1854, Alfred Dumesnil said that Mona Lisa’s smile imparted

Alfred Dumesnil je 1854. godine rekao da Mona Lizin osmeh odaje

a “treacherous attraction.”

„perfidnu privlačnost.”

A year later, Théophile Gautier wrote of her “mocking lips”

Godinu kasnije, Teofil Gutije je pisao o njenim „podrugljivim usnama”

and “gaze promising unknown pleasures.”

i pogledu „koji obećava neznana zadovoljstva”.

And in 1869, Walter Pater described Mona Lisa

A 1869, Volter Pater je opisao Mona Lizu

as the embodiment of timeless feminine beauty.

kao otelotvorenje bezvremene ženske lepote.

By the 20th century, the portrait was an iconic piece

Do XX veka, portret je bio kultno delo

in one of the world’s most famous museums.

u jednom od najčuvenijih muzeja na svetu.

But the “Mona Lisa” wasn’t yet a household name.

Međutim, „Mona Liza” i dalje nije bila opštepoznato ime.

It was Peruggia’s 1911 heist that helped it skyrocket to unprecedented fame.

Peruđina pljačka iz 1911. joj je pomogla da se vine do nezapamćene slave.

Having been contracted to make protective cases for the Louvre,

Kako je bio angažovan da pravi zaštitne kutije za Luvr,

it wasn’t totally inconceivable for Peruggia to be locked inside the museum.

nije bilo nezamislivo za Peruđu da ostane zaključan u muzeju.

And, lucky for him, when a workman encountered him in the stairwell,

I, srećom po njega, kada ga je radnik zatekao u stepeništu,

he simply helped Peruggia open the door and let him walk out into the morning.

prosto je pomogao Peruđi da otvori vrata i pustio ga je da odšeta u jutro.

The theft made international headlines.

Pljačka je postala glavna vest širom sveta.

People gathered to see the blank space where the “Mona Lisa” once hung.

Ljudi su se okupljali da vide prazno mesto gde je „Mona Liza” nekad visila.

The police interviewed Peruggia because he had worked at the Louvre,

Policija je intervjuisala Peruđu jer je radio u Luvru,

but they never considered him a suspect.

ali ga nikad nisu smatrali osumnjičenim.

Meanwhile, they interrogated Pablo Picasso because of his connection

U međuvremenu su saslušali Pabla Pikasa zbog njegovih veza

to a previous Louvre theft, but eventually let him go.

sa prethodnom pljačkom Luvra, ali su ga na kraju pustili.

For two years, Peruggia kept the painting in a false-bottom suitcase,

Dve godine je Peruđa držao sliku u koferu sa tajnom pregradom,

then smuggled the “Mona Lisa” to Italy

a potom je prokrijumčario „Mona Lizu” u Italiju

and arranged to sell it to a Florentine art dealer.

i dogovorio se da je proda firentinskom prodavcu umetnina.

Peruggia saw himself as an Italian patriot returning an old master’s work.

Peruđa je sebe smatrao italijanskim patriotom

koji je vratio delo starog majstora.

But instead of being celebrated as such, he was immediately arrested.

Međutim, umesto da ga kao takvog slave, istog trena je uhapšen.

With the mystery solved, the “Mona Lisa” went back on display to large crowds,

Kada je misterija rešena, „Mona Liza” je ponovo izložena za široke mase,

and newspapers took the story for a victory lap.

a novine su slavile trijumfalni završetak priče.

In the following decades, conceptual artist Marcel Duchamp mocked it;

U narednim decenijama, konceptualni umetnik Marsel Dišan ju je ismevao;

Nazi art thieves pursued it; Nat King Cole sang about it;

nacistički kradljivci umetnina su tragali za njom;

Net King Kol je pevao o njoj;

and museumgoers wielding stones, paint, acid, and teacups attacked it.

a posetioci muzeja su je napadali kamenjem, farbom, kiselinom i šoljicama.

More than 500 years after its creation— eyebrows and eyelashes long since faded—

Preko 500 godina nakoj njenog nastanka - i odavno izbledelih obrva i trepavica -

the “Mona Lisa” is protected by a bulletproof, earthquake-safe case.

„Mona Liza” je zaštićena kutijom otpornom na metke i zemljotres.

Now, it stands perhaps less as an exemplary Renaissance portrait

Ona trenutno verovatno manje predstavlja uzorni renesansni portret,

and more as a testament to how we create and maintain celebrity.

a više je svedočanstvo o tome kako stvaramo i održavamo slavna dela.