The psychology of narcissism - W. Keith Campbell

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

Way before the first selfie,

Mnogo pre prvog selfija,

the ancient Greeks and Romans had a myth

antički Grci i Rimljani su imali mit

about someone a little too obsessed with his own image.

o nekome ko je malčice isuviše opsednut sopstvenim likom.

In one telling,

U jednoj od priča,

Narcissus was a handsome guy wandering the world in search of someone to love.

Narcis je zgodan momak koji luta svetom, tragajući za nekim koga bi voleo.

After rejecting a nymph named Echo,

Nakon što je odbio nimfu po imenu Eho,

he caught a glimpse of his own reflection in a river,

uhvatio je na tren sopstveni odraz u reci

and fell in love with it.

i zaljubio se u njega.

Unable to tear himself away,

Nemogavši da se odvoji od njega,

Narcissus drowned.

Narcis se udavio.

A flower marked the spot of where he died, and we call that flower the Narcissus.

Cvet je izrastao na mestu na kom je umro, a taj cvet zovemo narcisom.

The myth captures the basic idea of narcissism,

Mit opisuje osnovnu ideju narcisoidnosti,

elevated and sometimes detrimental self-involvement.

uzvišenu i ponekad štetnu zaljubljenost u sebe.

But it's not just a personality type that shows up in advice columns.

Međutim, ne radi se samo o tipu ličnosti koji se pojavljuje u rubrikama za savete.

It's actually a set of traits classified and studied by psychologists.

Radi se zapravu o skupu osobina koje su psiholozi klasifikovali i izučavali.

The psychological definition of narcissism is an inflated, grandiose self-image.

Psihološka definicija narcisoidnosti

je da je to preuveličana, grandiozna slika o sebi.

To varying degrees, narcissists think they're better looking,

Do određenog stepena, narcisi smatraju da bolje izgledaju,

smarter,

and more important than other people,

da su pametniji

i važniji od drugih ljudi

and that they deserve special treatment.

i da zaslužuju poseban tretman.

Psychologists recognize two forms of narcissism as a personality trait:

Psiholozi prepoznaju dva vida narcisoidnosti kao crte ličnosti:

grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.

grandioznu i ranjivu narcisoidnost.

There's also narcissistic personality disorder,

Takođe postoji narcisoidni poremećaj ličnosti,

a more extreme form, which we'll return to shortly.

ekstremniji oblik kome ćemo se vratiti nešto kasnije.

Grandiose narcissism is the most familiar kind,

Grandiozna narcisoidnost je najpoznatiji vid iste,

characterized by extroversion,

karakterišu je ekstravertnost,

dominance,

dominacija

and attention seeking.

i potreba za pažnjom.

Grandiose narcissists pursue attention and power,

Grandiozni narcis traga za pažnjom i moći,

sometimes as politicians,

ponekad kao političar,

celebrities,

poznata ličnost

or cultural leaders.

ili kulturološki vođa.

Of course, not everyone who pursues these positions of power is narcissistic.

Naravno, nisu svi koji teže ovim pozicijama moći narcisi.

Many do it for very positive reasons,

Mnogi to rade iz pozitivnih razloga,

like reaching their full potential,

poput ostvarivanja punog potencijala

or helping make people's lives better.

ili unapređivanja ljudskih života.

But narcissistic individuals seek power

Ali narcisoidni pojedinci žele moć

for the status and attention that goes with it.

zbog statusa i pažnje koja ide uz nju.

Meanwhile, vulnerable narcissists can be quiet and reserved.

U međuvremenu, ranjivi narcisi mogu da budu tihi i uzdržani.

They have a strong sense of entitlement,

Imaju snažan osećaj toga šta im pripada,

but are easily threatened or slighted.

ali ih je lako uplašiti ili omalovažiti.

In either case, the dark side of narcissism shows up over the long term.

U svakom slučaju, mračna strana narcisoidnosti se pokaže na duže staze.

Narcissists tend to act selfishly,

Narcisi se obično ponašaju sebično,

so narcissistic leaders may make risky or unethical decisions,

pa narcisoidne vođe mogu da prave rizične ili nemoralne odluke,

and narcissistic partners may be dishonest or unfaithful.

a narcisoidni partneri mogu da budu nečasni ili neverni.

Kad je njihov ružičasti pogled na same sebe doveden u pitanje,

When their rosy view of themselves is challenged,

they can become resentful and aggressive.

mogu da postanu ozlojeđeni i agresivni.

It's like a disease where the sufferers feel pretty good,

To je poput bolesti gde se oboleli osećaju prilično dobro,

but the people around them suffer.

ali ispaštaju ljudi oko njih.

Taken to the extreme,

Kad je dovedeno do ekstrema,

this behavior is classified as a psychological disorder

ovo ponašanje se klasifikuje kao psihološki poremećaj

called narcissistic personality disorder.

koji se zove: narcisoidni poremećaj ličnosti.

It affects one to two percent of the population,

On pogađa jedan do dva procenta populacije,

more commonly men.

češći je kod muškaraca.

It is also a diagnosis reserved for adults.

Takođe je dijagnoza rezervisana za odrasle.

Young people, especially children, can be very self-centered,

Mladi ljudi, naročito deca, mogu da budu izrazito okrenuti sebi,

but this might just be a normal part of development.

ali ovo bi moglo da bude prosto normalan deo razvoja.

The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's

Peto izdanje Dijagnostičkog i statističkog priručnika

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

američkog psihijatrijskog udruženja

describes several traits associated with narcissistic personality disorder.

opisuje nekoliko osobina koje su povezane s narcisoidnim poremećajem ličnosti,

They include a grandiose view of oneself,

uključujući: grandioznu sliku o sebi,

problems with empathy,

probleme s empatijom,

a sense of entitlement,

osećaj toga šta im pripada

and a need for admiration or attention.

i potrebu za divljenjem ili pažnjom.

What makes these trait a true personality disorder

Ono što ove osobine čini poremećajem ličnosti

is that they take over people's lives and cause significant problems.

je to što obuzmu ljudske živote i uzrokuju značajne probleme.

Imagine that instead of caring for your spouse or children,

Zamislite da umesto da brinete za svog supružnika i decu,

you used them as a source of attention or admiration.

vi ih koristite kao izvor pažnje ili divljenja.

Or imagine that instead of seeking

Ili zamislite da umesto da tražite

constructive feedback about your performance,

konstruktivnu povratnu informaciju o vašem radu,

you instead told everyone who tried to help you

kažete svima koji pokušaju da vam pomognu

that they were wrong.

da nisu u pravu.

So what causes narcissism?

Pa, šta uzrokuje narcisoidnost?

Twin studies show a strong genetic component,

Istraživanja o blizancima pokazuju snažan uticaj gena,

although we don't know which genes are involved.

iako ne znamo o kojim genima je reč.

But environment matters, too.

Međutim važna je i okolina.

Parents who put their child on a pedestal

Roditelji koji stavljaju svoju decu na postolje

can foster grandiose narcissism.

mogu da podstiču grandioznu narcisoidnost.

And cold, controlling parents can contribute to vulnerable narcissism.

A hladni, autoritativni roditelji mogu da doprinesu ranjivoj narcisoidnosti.

Narcissism also seems to be higher

Narcisoidnost se takođe čini češćom

in cultures that value individuality and self-promotion.

u kulturama koje cene individualnost i samopromociju.

In the United States, for example,

U SAD-u, na primer,

narcissism as a personality trait has been rising since the 1970s,

narcisoidnost kao crta ličnosti je u usponu od 1970-ih,

when the communal focus of the 60s

kada je usredsređenost na zajednicu iz 60-ih

gave way to the self-esteem movement

prokrčila put pokretu samopoštovanja

and a rise in materialism.

i usponu materijalizma.

More recently, social media has multiplied the possibilities for self-promotion,

U skorije vreme su društveni mediji umnožili mogućnosti samopromocije,

though it's worth noting

iako je važno napomenuti

that there's no clear evidence that social media causes narcissism.

da nema jasnih dokaza da društveni mediji uzrokuju narcisoidnost.

Rather, it provides narcissists a means to seek social status and attention.

Oni pre pružaju narcisima sredstva za traženje društvenog statusa i pažnje.

So can narcissists improve on those negative traits?

Pa, mogu li narcisi da poprave ove negativne crte?

Yes!

Da!

Anything that promotes honest reflection on their own behavior

Sve što unapređuje iskren pogled na njihovo ponašanje

and caring for others,

i brigu za druge

like psychotherapy or practicing compassion towards others, can be helpful.

može da pomogne, poput psihoterapije ili vežbanja saosećanja prema drugima.

The difficulty is it can be challenging

Problem je što može da bude izazov

for people with narcissistic personality disorder

za ljude sa narcisoidnim poremećajem ličnosti

to keep working at self-betterment.

da nastave da rade na samoizlečenju.

For a narcissist, self-reflection is hard from an unflattering angle.

Za narcise je samoposmatranje teško kad je iz ugla koji im ne laska.