The psychology of narcissism - W. Keith Campbell

Prevoditelj: Mirela Ivoš Recezent: Sanda L

Way before the first selfie,

Davno prije prvog selfieja,

the ancient Greeks and Romans had a myth

antički Grci i Rimljani imali su mit

about someone a little too obsessed with his own image.

o nekome previše opsjednutom samim sobom.

In one telling,

Po jednoj predaji,

Narcissus was a handsome guy wandering the world in search of someone to love.

Narcis je bio zgodan tip koji je lutao svijetom tražeći nekoga koga će voljeti.

After rejecting a nymph named Echo,

Nakon odbijanja nimfe po imenu Echo,

he caught a glimpse of his own reflection in a river,

uhvatio je pogled na vlastiti odraz u rijeci

and fell in love with it.

te se zaljubio u njega.

Unable to tear himself away,

U nemogućnosti da se odmakne,

Narcissus drowned.

Narcis se utopio.

A flower marked the spot of where he died, and we call that flower the Narcissus.

Cvijet je obilježio mjesto gdje je umro, i danas taj cvijet zovemo narcisom.

The myth captures the basic idea of narcissism,

Mit obilježava osnovnu ideju narcizma,

elevated and sometimes detrimental self-involvement.

visok i katkad štetan egocentrizam.

But it's not just a personality type that shows up in advice columns.

Ali nije to samo tip ličnosti što se pojavljuje u stupcima sa savjetima.

It's actually a set of traits classified and studied by psychologists.

Zapravo je niz crta ličnosti koje klasificiraju i proučavaju psiholozi.

The psychological definition of narcissism is an inflated, grandiose self-image.

Psihologijska definicija narcizma je napuhana, veličanstvena slika o sebi.

To varying degrees, narcissists think they're better looking,

Do određenog stupnja, narcisi misle da su boljega izgleda,

smarter,

and more important than other people,

pametniji,

važniji od drugih ljudi

and that they deserve special treatment.

i da zaslužuju poseban tretman.

Psychologists recognize two forms of narcissism as a personality trait:

Psiholozi razlikuju dva oblika narcizma kao crte ličnosti:

grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.

grandiozni i vulnerabilni narcizam.

There's also narcissistic personality disorder,

Tu je također narcisoidni poremećaj ličnosti,

a more extreme form, which we'll return to shortly.

esktremniji oblik o kojemu će više riječi biti kasnije.

Grandiose narcissism is the most familiar kind,

Grandiozni narcizam najpoznatiji je oblik

characterized by extroversion,

koji karakterizira ekstraverzija,

dominance,

dominantnost

and attention seeking.

i traženje pažnje.

Grandiose narcissists pursue attention and power,

Grandiozni narcisi traže pažnju i moć,

sometimes as politicians,

ponekad kao političari,

celebrities,

zvijezde

or cultural leaders.

ili kulturalni lideri.

Of course, not everyone who pursues these positions of power is narcissistic.

Naravno, nije svatko na tim pozicijama narcisoidan.

Many do it for very positive reasons,

Mnogi to rade iz pozitivnih razloga,

like reaching their full potential,

poput ostvarenja punog potencijala

or helping make people's lives better.

ili pomaganju stvaranja tuđih života boljima.

But narcissistic individuals seek power

Ali narcisoidni pojedinci traže moć

for the status and attention that goes with it.

zbog statusa i pažnje koja ide s njom.

Meanwhile, vulnerable narcissists can be quiet and reserved.

U međuvremenu, vulnerabilni narcisi mogu biti tihi i rezervirani.

They have a strong sense of entitlement,

Oni imaju jak osjećaj o svojim pravima,

but are easily threatened or slighted.

ali ih je lako zastrašiti ili omalovažavati.

In either case, the dark side of narcissism shows up over the long term.

U oba slučaja, tamna strana narcizma vidi se kroz duži period.

Narcissists tend to act selfishly,

Narcisi su skloni sebičnom ponašanju

so narcissistic leaders may make risky or unethical decisions,

pa narcisoidni vođe mogu donijeti riskantne ili neetičke odluke,

and narcissistic partners may be dishonest or unfaithful.

a narcisoidni partneri mogu biti neiskreni ili nevjerni.

When their rosy view of themselves is challenged,

Kad je njihov ružičast pogled na sebe izazvan,

they can become resentful and aggressive.

postaju uvrijeđeni i agresivni.

It's like a disease where the sufferers feel pretty good,

To je kao bolest u kojoj se bolesnik osjeća dosta dobro,

but the people around them suffer.

ali ljudi oko njega pate.

Taken to the extreme,

U krajnosti,

this behavior is classified as a psychological disorder

ovo ponašanje može se klasificirati kao psihički poremećaj

called narcissistic personality disorder.

zvan narcisoidnim poremećajem ličnosti.

It affects one to two percent of the population,

On uključuje jedan ili dva posto populacije,

more commonly men.

pretežito muškarce.

It is also a diagnosis reserved for adults.

Ta se dijagnoza odnosi na odrasle osobe.

Young people, especially children, can be very self-centered,

Mladi ljudi, pogotovo djeca, mogu biti jako egocentrični,

but this might just be a normal part of development.

ali to može biti samo normalan dio razvoja.

The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's

Peto izdanje Dijagnostičkog i statističkog priručnika

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

Američke psihijatrijske udruge

describes several traits associated with narcissistic personality disorder.

opisuje nekoliko crta ličnosti povezanih s narcisoidnim poremećajem ličnosti.

They include a grandiose view of oneself,

One uključuju veličanstveni pogled na samog sebe,

problems with empathy,

probleme s empatijom,

a sense of entitlement,

osjećaj za prava

and a need for admiration or attention.

i potrebu za tuđim divljenjem i pažnjom.

What makes these trait a true personality disorder

Ono što ove crte ličnosti kreira u poremećaj ličnosti

is that they take over people's lives and cause significant problems.

je ako one preuzmu živote ljudi i stvore značajne probleme.

Imagine that instead of caring for your spouse or children,

Zamislite da umjesto brige o svome partneru ili djeci,

you used them as a source of attention or admiration.

njih koristite kao izvor pažnje i divljenja.

Or imagine that instead of seeking

Ili zamislite da umjesto traženja

constructive feedback about your performance,

konstruktivnih povratnih informacija o svojoj izvedbi,

you instead told everyone who tried to help you

svima koji su vam pokušali pomoći

that they were wrong.

kažete da su u krivu.

So what causes narcissism?

Dakle, što uzrokuje narcizam?

Twin studies show a strong genetic component,

Istraživanja s blizancima pokazuju jak genetički utjecaj,

although we don't know which genes are involved.

iako nismo sigurni koji su geni uključeni.

But environment matters, too.

Ali i okolina je bitna.

Parents who put their child on a pedestal

Roditelji koji svoje dijete tretiraju kao najbolje,

can foster grandiose narcissism.

mogu kultivirati grandiozni narcizam.

And cold, controlling parents can contribute to vulnerable narcissism.

I hladni, kontrolirajući roditelji mogu doprinijeti vulnerabilnom narcizmu.

Narcissism also seems to be higher

Čini se da je narcizam veći

in cultures that value individuality and self-promotion.

u kulturama koje cijene individualnost i samopromociju.

In the United States, for example,

U SAD-u, primjerice,

narcissism as a personality trait has been rising since the 1970s,

narcizam kao crta ličnosti pojavljuje se češće od sedamdesetih,

when the communal focus of the 60s

kad je zadružni fokus šezdesetih

gave way to the self-esteem movement

utro put samopoštovanju

and a rise in materialism.

i povećanju materijalizma.

More recently, social media has multiplied the possibilities for self-promotion,

Odskora, društveni mediji povećavaju mogućnost samopromocije,

though it's worth noting

iako vrijedi napomenuti

that there's no clear evidence that social media causes narcissism.

da ne postoje jasni dokazi da društveni mediji uzrokuju narcizam.

Rather, it provides narcissists a means to seek social status and attention.

Radije, oni pružaju narcisima sredstva za traženje socijalnog statusa i pažnje.

So can narcissists improve on those negative traits?

Dakle, mogu li se narcisi popraviti na ovim negativnim crtama ličnosti?

Yes!

Da!

Anything that promotes honest reflection on their own behavior

Bilo što što stvara iskreni odraz njihovog ponašanja

and caring for others,

i brigu o drugima,

like psychotherapy or practicing compassion towards others, can be helpful.

poput psihoterapije ili vježbe suosjećanja prema drugima, može biti korisno.

The difficulty is it can be challenging

Problem je

što ljudima s narcisoidnim poremećajem ličnosti

for people with narcissistic personality disorder

to keep working at self-betterment.

može biti izazov raditi na samopoboljšanju.

For a narcissist, self-reflection is hard from an unflattering angle.

Za narcisa, razmišljanje o sebi teško je iz nelagodnog kuta.