The benefits of daydreaming - Elizabeth Cox

869,135 views ใƒป 2022-09-08

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Chen Tal ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:09
On a daily basis, you spend between a third and half
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื›ื, ืืชื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฆื™
00:12
your waking hours daydreaming.
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ืžืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ.
00:14
That may sound like a huge waste of time,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื–ืžืŸ ืขืฆื•ื,
00:16
but scientists think it must have some purpose,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืžื˜ืจื”,
ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”.
00:19
or humans wouldnโ€™t have evolved to do so much of it.
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00:21
So to figure out what's going on here,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ,
00:23
letโ€™s take a closer look at the mind-wanderer in chief:
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื:
00:26
the bored teenager.
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ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืขืžื.
00:29
Wouldnโ€™t it be cool to discover something, anything.
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ื›ืžื” ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•, ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื.
00:32
Like even this plant.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื” ืœืžืฉืœ.
00:34
Just to be one of those explorers who sails around drawing stuff
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉืžืคืœื™ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ืžืฉืจื˜ื˜ื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
00:37
for years on end and everyone thinks theyโ€™re a genius.
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ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื’ืื•ื ื™ื.
00:41
But does anyone even do that anymore?
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”?
00:43
Is there anything left to discover?
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ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช?
00:46
And would I be tough enough to deal with the dysentery or scurvy
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ื•ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื“ื™ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื“ื™ื–ื ื˜ืจื™ื” ืื• ืฆืคื“ื™ื ื”
00:49
or piranhas or whatever?
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ืื• ืคื™ืจืื ื•ืช ืื• ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”?
00:51
I barely have the endurance to make it through track practice...
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ ืžืกืœื•ืœ....
00:55
but I will.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
00:57
Any day now, Iโ€™ll have the discipline to show up before sunrise
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžื—ืจ, ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืฉืžืขืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ
01:00
and practice.
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ื•ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ.
01:01
Iโ€™ll win all my races.
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ืื ื™ ืื ืฆื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
01:03
Winning will become so easy, Iโ€™ll pick up other events just for fun.
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ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืœ ืฉืืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฃ
01:06
And once I'm in the Olympics,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื™ื,
01:08
theyโ€™ll have no choice but to crown me team captain,
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ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืืœื ืœื”ื›ืชื™ืจ ืื•ืชื™ ืงืคื˜ื ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช,
01:11
which I will graciously accept.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืกื›ื™ื ืœื›ืš ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ื—ืŸ.
01:13
And will I be nasty to the teammate who yelled at me?
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ื•ื”ืื ืืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ื•ืขืœื™ืช ืœืืœื” ืฉืฆืจื—ื• ืขืœื™?
01:16
No.
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ืœื.
01:17
Iโ€™ll just calmly say, โ€œhope youโ€™re in a better mood.โ€
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ืจื•ื’ืข: โ€œืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ื”ืฉืชืคืจโ€
01:22
Okay. Yours and other people's daydreams might sound or feel something like that.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข ืื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”.
01:28
Let's see what was going on.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืคื”.
01:31
To see what parts of the brain are active
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืœื• ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ื— ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืืŸ
01:33
when youโ€™re doing a task, or thinking, or daydreaming,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื”, ืื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืื• ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ,
01:35
scientists use brain imaging techniques that show
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ืช ืžื•ื— ืืฉืจ ืžืจืื•ืช
01:38
increased blood flow and energy expenditure in those areas.
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ืืช ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื“ื ื•ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•.
01:42
These brain areas are active,
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ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืžื•ื— ืืœื• ืคืขื™ืœื™ื,
01:44
working together and communicating with each other.
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”.
01:46
Taken together, they're called the executive network.
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื ื ืงืจืื™ื ืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช.
01:49
When your mind starts to wander,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื ื“ื•ื“,
01:51
a different set of brain areas becomes active.
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ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ืžื•ื— ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ืคืขื™ืœ.
01:53
These areas make up the default mode network.
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ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืจืฉืช ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ.
01:56
The name default mode makes it sound like nothing is going on.
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ื”ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœื•ื ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื.
01:59
And in fact, for many years,
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ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช,
02:01
scientists associated this pattern of activity with rest.
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื–ื™ื”ื• ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืขื ืžื ื•ื—ื”.
02:04
But a closer look reveals that these are the brain areas involved
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ืืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืžื’ืœื” ืฉืืœื• ื”ื ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื
02:07
when we revisit a memory, when we think about our plans and hopes,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช,
02:11
and yes, when our minds are wandering off on a wild daydream.
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ืขืชื ื• ืžื•ืกื—ืช ื•ื“ื•ื”ืจืช ืขื ื—ืœื•ื ืคืจื•ืข ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ.
02:15
The mind can wander to unproductive or distressing places
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ื”ื“ืขืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ื“ื•ื“ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขืงืจื™ื ืื• ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ ืฆืขืจ
02:18
and brood over negative past events, like an argument.
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ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ื›ืžื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืœืžืฉืœ.
02:21
It can also wander to neutral, everyday matters,
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ื’ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื™ื,
02:24
like planning out the rest of one's afternoon.
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ื›ืžื• ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืฉืืจื™ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื.
02:26
But where mind-wandering really gets interesting
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
02:29
is when it crosses into the realm of free-moving associative thought
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช
02:32
that you arenโ€™t consciously directing.
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ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ืžื ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ.
02:35
This kind of mind-wandering is associated with increases in both ideas
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ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืกื— ื“ืขืช ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช
02:39
and positive emotions,
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื,
02:40
and the evidence suggests that daydreaming can help people envision ways
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ื•ื”ื•ื›ื— ืฉื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื ื“ืจืš ืฉืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื
02:44
to reach their goals and navigate relationships and social situations.
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ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ื‘ื™ื“ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
02:48
Scientists think there may be two essential parts to this process:
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”:
02:52
a generative phase of free-flowing ideas and spontaneous thoughts,
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ืฉืœื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ื•ืช,
02:56
courtesy of the default mode network,
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ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ,
02:57
followed by a process of selecting, developing, and pursuing
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ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
03:00
the best ideas from that generative burst,
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ื–ื”,
03:03
driven by logical thinking thanks to the executive network.
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ื”ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช.
03:07
A host of imaging studies suggest that these two networks working in sync
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ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ื” ืžืจืื” ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืืœื•
03:10
is a crucial condition for creative thinking.
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ื”ื™ื ืชื ืื™ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช.
03:13
Taken together, the evidence clearly suggests
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ื™ื—ื“, ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžืจืžื–ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ
03:15
the logical realm of the executive network
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ืฉื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช
03:18
and the imaginative realm of the default mode network
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ื•ื”ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ
03:21
are closely related.
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ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง.
03:22
And as you can see, the executive network is still playing a role
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื—ืงืช ืชืคืงื™ื“
03:26
when the default mode network is doing its thing during daydreaming.
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ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืจืฉืช ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ.
03:30
In teenagers,
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ืืฆืœ ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื,
03:31
the prefrontal cortex and other areas involved in executive function
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ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืงื“ื ื—ื–ื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื
03:35
are still developing,
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
03:37
but teens are perfectly capable of thinking through their problems and goals,
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ืืš ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
03:41
especially when given space to do so on their own.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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