How Braille was invented | Moments of Vision 9 - Jessica Oreck

483,604 views ใƒป 2017-03-07

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:06
In a Moment of Vision...
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ...
00:12
Early 1800s.
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-19.
00:14
It's the middle of the Napoleonic Wars in the middle of Europe,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืœื™ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
00:17
and it's the middle of the night.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื”.
00:19
One Captain Charles Barbier of Napoleon's army
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ืงืคื˜ืŸ ืฆ'ืจืœืก ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ืžื”ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœ ื ืคื•ืœื™ืื•ืŸ
00:22
is trying to relay a message to one of his troops.
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ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืื—ืช ืžืคืœื•ื’ื•ืชื™ื•.
00:25
But sending written communications to the front lines
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžืกืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื™ื™ื
00:27
can be deadly for the recipient.
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ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ืœื ื™ ืœื ืžืขืŸ.
00:29
Lighting a candle to read the missive can give away their positions to the enemy.
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ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืกื’ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžื ืœืื•ื™ื™ื‘.
00:35
In a moment of vision,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ,
00:37
Barbier pokes a series of holes into a sheet of a paper with his blade,
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ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ืžื ืงื‘ ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ืจ ืขื ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•,
00:41
creating a coded message that can be deciphered by fingertip,
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ื•ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžืงื•ื“ื“ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช,
00:44
even in the pitch black.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš ืžื•ื—ืœื˜.
00:47
The merits of his so-called night writing are never acknowledged by the military,
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ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ 'ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”' ืฉืœื• ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ื›ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื,
00:52
but in 1821, Barbier approaches the Royal Institute for Blind Youth in Paris
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘-1821, ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืœื ื•ืขืจ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื‘ืคืจื™ื–
00:56
in the hopes that they might find a use
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
00:58
for his innovative, new communication method.
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ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ืฉืœื•.
01:02
There, a precocious teen by the name of Louis Braille does just that.
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ืฉื, ืฆืขื™ืจ ื ื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืœื•ืื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืœ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื–ื”.
01:06
Louis spends the next several years improving on Barbier's idea,
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ืœื•ืื™ ืžื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื™ืจ,
01:10
creating an organized alphabet fitting into a six dot standardized cell.
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืœืคื‘ื™ืช ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœืชื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช.
01:16
The system catches on.
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ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืชื•ืคืกืช.
01:18
Today, Braille is the universally accepted system of writing for the blind,
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืจื™ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื,
01:23
adapted for more than 130 languages.
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ื•ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืœืžืขืœ 130 ืฉืคื•ืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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