What is a coronavirus? - Elizabeth Cox

1,919,737 views ใƒป 2020-05-14

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:07
For almost a decade, scientists chased the source of a deadly new virus
0
7828
4698
ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืฉื•ืจ, ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืงื˜ืœื ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ,
00:12
through Chinaโ€™s tallest mountains and most isolated caverns.
1
12526
4000
ื‘ื”ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช.
00:16
They finally found it here: in the bats of Shitou Cave.
2
16526
4730
ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ืืŸ: ื‘ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•.
00:21
The virus in question was a coronavirus
3
21256
2230
ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”,
00:23
that caused an epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome,
4
23486
4003
ืฉื’ืจื ืœืžื’ืคื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ื ื“ืจื•ื ื ืฉื™ืžืชื™ ื—ืžื•ืจ,
00:27
or SARS, in 2003.
5
27489
3250
ืื• ืกืืจืก, ื‘-2003.
00:30
Coronaviruses are a group of viruses
6
30739
2150
ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื
00:32
covered in little protein spikes that look like a crownโ€”
7
32889
3544
ืฉืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืฆื™ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืชืจ --
00:36
or "corona" in Latin.
8
36433
1800
ืื• "ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”" ื‘ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.
00:38
There are hundreds of known coronaviruses.
9
38233
2980
ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื.
00:41
Seven of them infect humans, and can cause disease.
10
41213
4107
ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื”ื ืžื“ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื’ืคื”.
00:45
The coronavirus SARS-CoV causes SARS, MERS-CoV causes MERS,
11
45320
6546
ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” SARS-CoV ื’ื•ืจื ืœืกืืจืก, MERS-CoV ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžืจืก,
00:51
and SARS-CoV-2 causes the disease COVID-19.
12
51866
4993
ื•-SARS-CoV-2 ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืœื” COVID-19, ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืืฆืœื ื• "ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”".
00:56
Of the seven human coronaviruses, four cause colds,
13
56859
4370
ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ืขืช ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืืจื‘ืขื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ื ื ื•ืช,
01:01
mild, highly contagious infections of the nose and throat.
14
61229
4094
ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืžื“ื‘ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืฃ ื•ื”ื’ืจื•ืŸ.
01:05
Two infect the lungs, and cause much more severe illnesses.
15
65323
4758
ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช.
01:10
The seventh, which causes COVID-19, has features of each:
16
70081
4490
ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœ- COVID-19, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื•ื’ื:
01:14
it spreads easily, but can severely impact the lungs.
17
74571
4358
ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
01:18
When an infected person coughs, droplets containing the virus spray out.
18
78929
4732
ื›ืฉืื“ื ืฉื ื“ื‘ืง ืžืฉืชืขืœ, ื”ื•ื ืžืชื™ื– ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก.
01:23
The virus can infect a new person when the droplets enter their nose or mouth.
19
83661
4835
ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืืฃ ืื• ืœืคื” ืฉืœื”ื.
01:28
Coronaviruses transmit best in enclosed spaces,
20
88496
3290
ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื,
01:31
where people are close together.
21
91786
1670
ื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™.
01:33
Cold weather keeps their delicate casing from drying out,
22
93456
3410
ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ ืงืจ ืžื•ื ืข ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื,
01:36
enabling the virus to survive for longer between hosts,
23
96866
3290
ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืืจื—ื™ื,
01:40
while UV exposure from sunlight may damage it.
24
100156
3588
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื’ืœื™ UV ืฉื‘ืฉืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื•.
01:43
These seasonal variations matter more for established viruses.
25
103744
3740
ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื.
01:47
But because no one is yet immune to a new virus,
26
107484
2910
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžื—ื•ืกืŸ ืœื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื—ื“ืฉ,
01:50
it has so many potential hosts that it doesnโ€™t need ideal conditions to spread.
27
110394
4999
ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืืจื—ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืชื ืื™ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜.
01:55
In the body, the protein spikes embed in the hostโ€™s cells and fuse with themโ€”
28
115393
4633
ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ืงื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืžืขื™ื ื‘ืชืื™ ื”ืžืืจื— ื•ืžืชืื—ื™ื ืื™ืชื --
02:00
enabling the virus to hijack the host cellโ€™s machinery
29
120026
2870
ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ืžืืจื—
02:02
to replicate its own genes.
30
122896
2640
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ืคืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
02:05
Coronaviruses store their genes on RNA.
31
125536
3080
ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืื—ืกื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘-RNA.
02:08
All viruses are either RNA viruses or DNA viruses.
32
128616
4067
ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ RNA ืื• ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ DNA.
02:12
RNA viruses tend to be smaller, with fewer genes,
33
132683
3021
ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ RNA ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช ื’ื ื™ื,
02:15
meaning they infect many hosts and replicate quickly in those hosts.
34
135704
4555
ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืžื“ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืืจื—ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชื›ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืืจื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
02:20
In general, RNA viruses donโ€™t have a proofreading mechanism,
35
140259
4201
ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืœื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ RNA ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”,
02:24
whereas DNA viruses do.
36
144460
2600
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ DNA ื™ืฉ.
02:27
So when an RNA virus replicates,
37
147060
2300
ืื– ื›ืฉื•ื™ืจื•ืก RNA ืžืฉืชื›ืคืœ,
02:29
itโ€™s much more likely to have mistakes called mutations.
38
149360
4045
ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช.
02:33
Many of these mutations are useless or even harmful.
39
153405
3932
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืขืจืš ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื•ื™ืจื•ืก.
02:37
But some make the virus better suited for certain environmentsโ€”
40
157337
3130
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืœืžื•ืชืื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช --
02:40
like a new host species.
41
160467
2490
ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืืจื—ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
02:42
Epidemics often occur when a virus jumps from animals to humans.
42
162957
4472
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื’ืคื•ืช ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื›ืฉื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืงื•ืคืฅ ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
02:47
This is true of the RNA viruses that caused
43
167429
2544
ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ RNA ืฉื’ืจืžื•
02:49
the Ebola, Zika, and SARS epidemics, and the COVID-19 pandemic.
44
169973
5903
ืœืžื’ืคื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื”, ืœื–ื™ืงื”, ื•ืœืกืืจืก, ื•ืœืžื’ืคืช ื” COVID-19.
02:55
Once in humans, the virus still mutatesโ€”
45
175876
2860
ื›ืฉื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช --
02:58
usually not enough to create a new virus,
46
178736
2260
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื—ื“ืฉ,
03:00
but enough to create variations, or strains, of the original one.
47
180996
4325
ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช, ืื• ื–ื ื™ื, ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.
03:05
Coronaviruses have a few key differences from most RNA viruses.
48
185321
4654
ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ RNA.
03:09
Theyโ€™re some of the largest, meaning they have the most genes.
49
189975
3358
ื”ื ืžื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื ื™ื.
03:13
That creates more opportunity for harmful mutations.
50
193333
3598
ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช.
03:16
To counteract this risk, coronaviruses have a unique feature:
51
196931
4136
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช:
03:21
an enzyme that checks for replication errors and corrects mistakes.
52
201067
4000
ืื ื–ื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืง ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ืคื•ืœ ื•ืžืชืงืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช.
03:25
This makes coronaviruses much more stable,
53
205067
2690
ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘,
03:27
with a slower mutation rate, than other RNA viruses.
54
207757
3610
ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืงืฆื‘ ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ืื™ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ RNA ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:31
While this may sound formidable,
55
211367
2270
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืžืข ืื•ืœื™ ืžืคื—ื™ื“,
03:33
the slow mutation rate is actually a promising sign
56
213637
2980
ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—
03:36
when it comes to disarming them.
57
216617
2240
ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ื™ื˜ืจื•ืœ ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก.
03:38
After an infection, our immune systems can recognize germs
58
218857
3360
ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื”, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื,
03:42
and destroy them more quickly if they infect us again
59
222217
3090
ื•ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื•ื‘,
03:45
so they donโ€™t make us sick.
60
225307
2090
ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ืช.
03:47
But mutations can make a virus less recognizable to our immune systemsโ€”
61
227397
3740
ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• --
03:51
and therefore more difficult to fight off.
62
231137
2580
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ื•.
03:53
They can also make antiviral drugs and vaccines less effective,
63
233717
3900
ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™ ื•ื™ืจืœื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื,
03:57
because theyโ€™re tailored very specifically to a virus.
64
237617
3860
ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื•ื™ืจื•ืก.
04:01
Thatโ€™s why we need a new flu vaccine every yearโ€”
65
241477
2940
ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืฉืคืขืช --
04:04
the influenza virus mutates so quickly that new strains pop up constantly.
66
244417
4831
ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ, ืฉื–ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
04:09
The slower mutation rate of coronaviruses means
67
249248
2690
ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•
04:11
our immune systems, drugs, and vaccines
68
251938
2740
ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื•ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื
04:14
might be able to recognize them for longer after infection,
69
254678
3488
ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช,
04:18
and therefore protect us better.
70
258166
2860
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื’ื ื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:21
Still, we donโ€™t know how long our bodies remain immune to different coronaviruses.
71
261026
4684
ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ื ืฉืืจ ืžื—ื•ืกืŸ ืœื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
04:25
Thereโ€™s never been an approved treatment or vaccine for a coronavirus.
72
265710
3901
ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืื•ืฉืจ ืื• ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”.
04:29
We havenโ€™t focused on treating the ones that cause colds,
73
269611
2720
ืœื ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืœื” ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ื ื ื•ืช,
04:32
and though scientists began developing treatments for SARS and MERS,
74
272331
3760
ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืคืชื— ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืืจืก ื•-MERS,
04:36
the epidemics ended before those treatments completed clinical trials.
75
276091
4276
ื”ืžื’ืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื—ืœืคื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
04:40
As we continue to encroach on other animalsโ€™ habitats,
76
280367
3120
ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืœื•ืฉ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
04:43
some scientists say a new coronavirus jumping to humans is inevitableโ€”
77
283487
5133
ื›ืžื” ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข ืฉื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื --
04:48
but if we investigate these unknowns, it doesnโ€™t have to be devastating.
78
288620
4928
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืกื ื™.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7