Mohamed Ali: The link between unemployment and terrorism

譯者: Marssi Draw 審譯者: Bighead Ge

I would like to talk to you about a story

我想告訴你

about a small town kid.

一個小鎮男孩的故事。

I don't know his name, but I do know his story.

我不知道他的名字， 但是我知道他的故事。

He lives in a small village in southern Somalia.

他住在索馬利亞南邊的小村子裡，

His village is near Mogadishu.

靠近摩加迪休的村莊。

Drought drives the small village into poverty

乾旱迫使小村莊變得貧窮，

and to the brink of starvation.

即將面臨飢荒。

With nothing left for him there,

那裡沒能給他任何東西，

he leaves for the big city,

因此他前往大城市。

in this case, Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia.

這個故事在摩加迪休，索馬利亞的首都。

When he arrives, there are no opportunities,

當他抵達時，沒有任何機會，

no jobs, no way forward.

沒有工作，沒有前進的方向。

He ends up living in a tent city

最後他在一個帳篷城市落腳，

on the outskirts of Mogadishu.

位在摩加迪休郊區。

Maybe a year passes, nothing.

也許一年過後，仍然一無所有。

One day, he's approached by a gentleman

有一天，一位紳士找上他，

who offers to take him to lunch,

帶他去吃午餐，

then to dinner, to breakfast.

再帶他去吃晚餐、吃早餐。

He meets this dynamic group of people,

他碰到飄忽不定的這群人，

and they give him a break.

他們讓他喘了口氣。

He's given a bit of money

給他一筆錢，

to buy himself some new clothes,

讓他為自己買些新衣服，

money to send back home to his family.

給他回家的錢。

He is introduced to this young woman.

他被介紹給一位年輕女性，

He eventually gets married.

最後結婚了。

He starts this new life.

他開始新生活。

He has a purpose in life.

他的生活有了目標。

One beautiful day in Mogadishu,

在摩加迪休某個風和日麗的日子，

under an azure blue sky,

蔚藍晴空下，

a car bomb goes off.

汽車炸彈爆炸了。

That small town kid with the big city dreams

懷抱大城市夢想的小鎮男孩

was the suicide bomber,

是那名自殺客，

and that dynamic group of people

而飄忽不定的那群人

were al Shabaab, a terrorist organization

是索馬里青年黨，一個恐怖組織，

linked to al Qaeda.

與蓋達組織結盟。

So how does the story of a small town kid

這個故事怎麼會

從小鎮男孩在大城市創造大夢想

just trying to make it big in the city

end up with him blowing himself up?

變成他炸了自己？

He was waiting.

他在等待。

He was waiting for an opportunity,

等待一個機會，

waiting to begin his future,

等待能展開他的未來，

waiting for a way forward,

等待一個前進的方向，

and this was the first thing that came along.

而這是第一件出現的事。

This was the first thing that pulled him out

這是第一件讓他擺脫的事，

of what we call waithood.

擺脫我們所謂的等待成年期 (waithood)。

And his story repeats itself

他的故事不斷重演，

in urban centers around the world.

發生在全世界的市中心。

It is the story of the disenfranchised,

這故事是關於喪失公民權的

unemployed urban youth

失業城市青年

who sparks riots in Johannesburg,

在約翰尼斯堡引發暴動，

sparks riots in London,

在倫敦引發暴動，

who reaches out for something other than waithood.

他們期待得到某種東西， 而非等待成年期。

For young people, the promise of the city,

對年輕人來說，城市給的承諾意謂著，

the big city dream is that of opportunity,

大城市夢想就是

of jobs, of wealth,

那樣工作和財富的機會，

but young people are not sharing in the prosperity of their cities.

但是年輕人分享不到城市的繁榮。

Often it's youth who suffer from the highest unemployment rates.

青年往往有最高的失業率。

By 2030, three out of five people living in cities

到了 2030 年，60% 的城市居民

will be under the age of 18.

會低於 18 歲。

If we do not include young people

如果我們不把這群年輕人

in the growth of our cities,

納入城市發展的考量，

if we do not provide them opportunities,

如果我們不提供他們機會，

the story of waithood,

這樣等待成年期的故事、

the gateway to terrorism, to violence, to gangs,

通往恐怖行動、暴力、幫派的途徑

will be the story of cities 2.0.

將成為城市 2.0 的故事。

And in my city of birth, Mogadishu,

在我出生的城市摩加迪休，

70 percent of young people suffer from unemployment.

有 70% 的年輕人受失業所苦。

70 percent don't work,

70% 的人不工作

don't go to school.

也不上學。

They pretty much do nothing.

幾乎是什麼事都沒做。

I went back to Mogadishu last month,

上個月我回到摩加迪休，

and I went to visit Madina Hospital,

去了一趟梅迪納醫院，

the hospital I was born in.

我在那間醫院出生。

I remember standing in front of that

我記得站在

bullet-ridden hospital thinking,

那彈痕累累的醫院前想著

what if I had never left?

如果我從未離開，會是什麼樣子？

What if I had been forced

如果我被迫

into that same state of waithood?

擁有那種等待成年期的狀態， 會是什麼樣子？

Would I have become a terrorist?

我會變成恐怖分子嗎？

I'm not really sure about the answer.

我不太確定答案是什麼。

My reason for being in Mogadishu that month

那個月我到摩加迪休的原因

was actually to host

其實是要主持

a youth leadership and entrepreneurship summit.

一場青年領導與企業家精神的高峰會。

I brought together about 90 young Somali leaders.

我聚集了 90 名索馬利領袖。

We sat down and brainstormed on solutions

我們齊聚一堂，集思廣益，

to the biggest challenges facing their city.

希望能解決各自城市 面臨的最大挑戰。

One of the young men in the room was Aden.

其中有名年輕男孩叫亞丁，

He went to university in Mogadishu, graduated.

他在摩加迪休唸大學，之後畢業了。

There were no jobs, no opportunities.

那裡沒有工作，沒有機會。

I remember him telling me,

我記得他告訴我

because he was a college graduate,

因為他是大學畢業生，

unemployed, frustrated,

失業又失意，

that he was the perfect target for al Shabaab

他會是青年黨和其它恐怖組織

and other terrorist organizations, to be recruited.

吸收的完美對象。

They sought people like him out.

他們找出像他這樣的人。

But his story takes a different route.

但是他的故事走了另一條路。

In Mogadishu, the biggest barrier

在摩加迪休，從甲地到乙地

to getting from point A to point B are the roads.

最大的阻礙是道路。

Twenty-three years of civil war

23 年的內戰

have completely destroyed the road system,

完全催毀道路系統，

and a motorbike can be the easiest way

摩托車是最容易

to get around.

四處移動的方式。

Aden saw an opportunity and seized it.

亞丁看見機會，緊緊抓住。

He started a motorbike company.

他開了一間摩托車店，

He began renting out motorbikes

開始租摩托車

to local residents who couldn't normally afford them.

給那些通常買不起車的當地居民。

He bought 10 bikes, with the help

他買了十台摩托車，

of family and friends,

仰賴親友協助，

and his dream is to eventually expand

他最終的夢想是要在三年後

to several hundred within the next three years.

擴展到幾百台車。

How is this story different?

這個故事怎會不同？

What makes his story different?

是什麼因素讓他的故事不同？

I believe it is his ability to identify

我相信是他的能力讓他

and seize a new opportunity.

發現和抓住一個新機會。

It's entrepreneurship,

那是企業家精神，

and I believe entrepreneurship can be

我相信企業家精神可以成為

the most powerful tool against waithood.

對抗等待成年期最強而有力的工具。

It empowers young people

它賦予年輕人權力，

to be the creators of the very economic opportunities

讓他們成為自己不顧一切

they are so desperately seeking.

去追求的商機的開創者。

And you can train young people to be entrepreneurs.

你可以訓練青年成為企業家。

I want to talk to you about a young man

我想告訴你一位

who attended one of my meetings,

參與一場會議的年輕人，

Mohamed Mohamoud, a florist.

穆罕默德．馬穆特，一位花店主人，

He was helping me train some of the young people

他在高峰會幫我培訓一些年輕人

at the summit in entrepreneurship

and how to be innovative

學習企業家精神、

如何創新，

and how to create a culture of entrepreneurship.

以及如何建立企業家精神的文化。

He's actually the first florist Mogadishu has seen

其實他是摩加迪休 22 年來

in over 22 years,

第一位花店主人，

and until recently, until Mohamed came along,

直到最近穆罕默德出現，

if you wanted flowers at your wedding,

如果你希望婚禮上有花，

you used plastic bouquets

通常會用塑膠花束，

shipped from abroad.

從海外運來。

If you asked someone,

如果你問某個人：

"When was the last time you saw fresh flowers?"

「你最後一次看到鮮花是什麼時候？」

for many who grew up under civil war,

很多在內戰時期長大的人

the answer would be, "Never."

會回答：「從來沒有。」

So Mohamed saw an opportunity.

因此穆罕默德看見機會。

He started a landscaping and design floral company.

他開了一間景觀與花藝設計公司。

He created a farm right outside of Mogadishu,

他經營了一個農場，就在摩加迪休外，

and started growing tulips and lilies,

開始種鬱金香和百合，

which he said could survive

他說這兩種花能在摩加迪休

the harsh Mogadishu climate.

嚴酷的氣候下生存。

And he began delivering flowers to weddings,

他開始送花到婚禮上，

creating gardens at homes

為城市中的家庭和公司設計花園，

and businesses around the city,

and he's now working on creating

目前他在設計

Mogadishu's first public park in 22 years.

摩加迪休 22 年來的第一座公園。

There's no public park in Mogadishu.

摩加迪休沒有公園。

He wants to create a space where families,

他希望能創造一個地方，

young people, can come together,

讓家人、年輕人都能一起來，

and, as he says, smell the proverbial roses.

如他所說，聞聞傳說中的玫瑰花香。

And he doesn't grow roses because

附帶一提，他沒有種玫瑰，

they use too much water, by the way.

因為那要很多水。

So the first step is to inspire young people,

因此，要激勵年輕人的第一步，

and in that room, Mohamed's presence

在那個會議廳裡，穆罕默德的現身

had a really profound impact on the youth in that room.

對在場年輕人的影響非常深遠。

They had never really thought about starting up a business.

他們從沒有真的想過要創業。

They've thought about working for an NGO,

他們曾想過要為非政府組織工作，

working for the government,

為政府工作，

but his story, his innovation,

但是他的故事，他的創新，

really had a strong impact on them.

對他們的影響很大。

He forced them to look at their city

他強迫他們把自己的城市

as a place of opportunity.

看做機會之地。

He empowered them to believe that they could be entrepreneurs,

他讓他們相信自己能成為企業家，

that they could be change makers.

他們可以是改變的人。

By the end of the day, they were coming up

到了當天活動的尾聲，

with innovative solutions

他們想出創新的解決方式

to some of the biggest challenges facing their city.

來處理城市所面臨的最大挑戰。

They came up with entrepreneurial solutions

他們想出用企業家的方法

to local problems.

來解決當地問題。

So inspiring young people

因此，激勵年輕人

and creating a culture of entrepreneurship

並創造企業家文化

is a really great step,

是很重要的一步，

but young people need capital

但是年輕人需要資本

to make their ideas a reality.

讓他們的想法實現。

They need expertise and mentorship

他們需要專業知識和師徒關係，

to guide them in developing and launching their businesses.

指引他們開創並積極投入自己的事業。

Connect young people with the resources they need,

幫助年輕人連結他們所需的資源，

provide them the support they need to go from ideation to creation,

協助他們從概念構想到實際創造，

and you will create catalysts for urban growth.

如此一來你就能刺激城市發展。

For me, entrepreneurship is more than just

對我來說，企業家精神

starting up a business.

比只是創業還重要。

It's about creating a social impact.

企業家精神能影響社會。

Mohamed is not simply selling flowers.

穆罕默德不只是賣花而已。

I believe he is selling hope.

我相信他還販賣希望。

His Peace Park, and that's what he calls it,

他把他的公園命名為和平公園，

when it's created, will actually transform

當它完工時就會實際改變

the way people see their city.

人們觀看所在城市的方式。

Aden hired street kids to help rent out

亞丁雇用流浪兒童幫忙出租

and maintain those bikes for him.

和維修他店裡的摩托車。

He gave them the opportunity to escape

他讓這些孩子有機會逃離

the paralysis of waithood.

不知所措的等待成年期。

These young entrepreneurs are having

這些年輕的企業家

a tremendous impact in their cities.

為他們的城市帶來廣大的影響。

So my suggestion is,

因此我建議

turn youth into entrepreneurs,

讓青年成為企業家，

incubate and nurture their inherent innovation,

培養、孕育他們與生俱來的創造力，

and you will have more stories of flowers and Peace Parks

你就能聽到更多關於花與和平公園的故事，

than of car bombs and waithood.

而非汽車炸彈和等待成年期。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）