A Saudi woman who dared to drive | Manal al-Sharif

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

譯者: Ada Wang 審譯者: Ellen Tung

Allow me to start this talk with a question to everyone.

在開始之前我想問大家一個問題

You know that all over the world,

你知道全世界的人 都在為自己爭取自由

people fight for their freedom,

你知道全世界的人 都在為自己爭取自由

fight for their rights.

爭取權益

Some battle oppressive governments.

有些人是跟強制的政府抗爭

Others battle oppressive societies.

有些人所對抗的 是強勢的社會體制

Which battle do you think is harder?

你認為哪個比較難對付

Allow me to try to answer this question

我將會用接下來的時間 來試著回答這個問題

in the few coming minutes.

我將會用接下來的時間 來試著回答這個問題

Let me take you back two years ago in my life.

請讓我帶大家回到兩年前

It was the bedtime of my son, Aboody.

那是我兒子 Aboody 晚上睡覺前

He was five at the time.

他當時五歲

After finishing his bedtime rituals,

就在準備上床睡覺前

he looked at me and he asked a question:

他看著我並問了一個問題

"Mommy, are we bad people?"

"媽媽, 我們是壞人嗎?"

I was shocked.

我著實嚇了一跳

"Why do you say such things, Aboody?"

"你怎麼會這麼說呢, Aboody?"

Earlier that day, I noticed some bruises

那天下午他放學回家時 我發現他臉上有些瘀青

on his face when he came from school.

那天下午他放學回家時 我發現他臉上有些瘀青

He wouldn't tell me what happened.

他原本不願意告訴我發生了什麼事

[But now] he was ready to tell.

[但那當下] 他想告訴我了

"Two boys hit me today in school.

"今天學校裡有兩個男生打我

They told me, 'We saw your mom on Facebook.

他們告訴我說: "我們在臉書上看見你媽媽

You and your mom should be put in jail.'"

你跟你媽媽都應該被抓去關"

I've never been afraid to tell Aboody anything.

我從來沒有隱瞞過 Aboody 任何事情

I've been always a proud woman of my achievements.

對於我的成就我總是相當自豪

But those questioning eyes of my son

但那天我兒子看著我的質疑眼神

were my moment of truth,

是我不得不面對事實的時候

when it all came together.

是我不得不面對事實的時候

You see, I'm a Saudi woman who had been put in jail

我是個曾經坐過牢的阿拉伯婦女

for driving a car in a country

因為我在一個

where women are not supposed to drive cars.

不允許女性開車的國家裡開了車

Just for giving me his car keys,

而我的親哥哥被拘留了兩次

my own brother was detained twice,

只因為他把他的車鑰匙給了我

and he was harassed to the point he had

甚至因為他不斷地被騷擾

to quit his job as a geologist,

他不得不辭去他地理學家的工作

leave the country with his wife and two-year-old son.

並帶著他的妻子 跟兩歲大的孩子遠走他鄉

My father had to sit in a Friday sermon

我的父親則必須參加 禮拜五的一場伊斯蘭教聚會

listening to the imam condemning women drivers

聽伊瑪目(伊斯蘭教對領袖之尊稱) 指責開過車的女性

and calling them prostitutes

並在許多來參加聚會的人面前 聽他用妓女來稱呼她們

amongst tons of worshippers,

並在許多來參加聚會的人面前 聽他用妓女來稱呼她們

some of them our friends and family of my own father.

當中不乏是我父親的朋友或甚至是家人

I was faced with an organized defamation campaign

我當時所面對的 是一連串有組織性的毀謗

in the local media combined with false rumors

包括當地媒體報出了可能是親戚 或街坊鄰居謠傳的不實報導

shared in family gatherings, in the streets

包括當地媒體報出了可能是親戚 或街坊鄰居謠傳的不實報導

and in schools.

就連在學校裡也不得平靜

It all hit me.

在在地都打擊了我

It came into focus that those kids

我知道那些孩子 並不是故意要對我兒子動粗

did not mean to be rude to my son.

我知道那些孩子 並不是故意要對我兒子動粗

They were just influenced by the adults around them.

他們只是被週遭的大人給影響了

And it wasn't about me, and it wasn't a punishment

而那也不是針對我個人

for taking the wheel and driving a few miles.

或對我開車這個舉動的一個懲罰

It was a punishment for daring to challenge

而是針對我竟敢挑戰 並違反了社會規範的處罰

the society's rules.

而是針對我竟敢挑戰 並違反了社會規範的處罰

But my story goes beyond this moment of truth of mine.

但是這個故事並未就此打住

Allow me to give you a briefing

請讓我繼續跟各位說明

about my story.

這整個故事的全貌

It was May, 2011,

那是 2011 年的五月

and I was complaining to a work colleague

我在跟一個工作上的同事抱怨

about the harassments I had to face

提到了我所在面對的惱人的事

trying to find a ride back home,

只為了可以搭個便車回家

although I have a car and an international driver's license.

雖然我明明自己就有台車 跟一張國際通用的駕照

As long as I've known, women in Saudi Arabia

就我所了解的

have been always complaining about the ban,

所有在沙烏地阿拉伯的女性 都對這個禁令很感冒

but it's been 20 years since anyone

但是二十幾年來都是如此

tried to do anything about it,

老一輩的人也就這麼過了 現在又能怎麼辦呢

a whole generation ago.

老一輩的人也就這麼過了 現在又能怎麼辦呢

He broke the good/bad news in my face.

他當著我的面說了這個 不知算好還算壞的消息

"But there is no law banning you from driving."

"反正又沒有明文規定你不能開車"

I looked it up, and he was right.

我抬起了頭，他說得對

There wasn't an actual law in Saudi Arabia.

沙烏地阿拉伯並沒有這麼一條法律

It was just a custom and traditions

這不過是一個傳統在被神聖化之後 便成了一道不可違背的教令

that are enshrined in rigid religious fatwas

這不過是一個傳統在被神聖化之後 便成了一道不可違背的教令

and imposed on women.

而且是「女性限定版」

That realization ignited the idea of June 17,

這個領悟促成了六月十七號的活動發想

where we encouraged women to take the wheel

我們鼓勵所有的女性在當天開車

and go drive.

而且是開上街頭

It was a few weeks later, we started receiving all these

幾個禮拜之後 我們開始接到這類的警告

"Man wolves will rape you if you go and drive."

"妳要是開車出門 小心男性之狼找上妳"

A courageous woman, her name is Najla Hariri,

有位勇敢的女性 她的名字是 Najla Hariri

she's a Saudi woman in the city of Jeddah,

她住在沙烏地阿拉伯的吉達

she drove a car and she announced

她公開表示自己開了車

but she didn't record a video.

但她並沒有錄影下來

We needed proof.

我們需要有東西可以證實

So I drove. I posted a video on YouTube.

所以我就開車出去 並且在 YouTube 上面上傳了一段影片

And to my surprise,

令我驚訝的是

it got hundreds of thousands of views the first day.

影片上傳的第一天就有上萬人點閱

What happened next, of course?

可想而知接下來會發生什麼事呢?

I started receiving threats

我開始受到威脅跟恐嚇

to be killed, raped, just to stop this campaign.

說他們要殺了我或強暴我 為的就是讓我不再進行這個活動

The Saudi authorities remained very quiet.

當時沙國的相關當局一直保持沉默

That really creeped us out.

但我們反而越挫越勇

I was in the campaign with other Saudi women

我與其他的一些行動主義份子 我們當中不乏女性或甚至男性參與

and even men activists.

我與其他的一些行動主義份子 我們當中不乏女性或甚至男性參與

We wanted to know how the authorities

我們想要知道

would respond on the actual day, June 17,

要是女人真的都開車出門 政府究竟會如何回應當天的行動

when women go out and drive.

要是女人真的都開車出門 政府究竟會如何回應當天的行動

So this time I asked my brother

所以我找了我的哥哥

to come with me and drive by a police car.

跟我一起 不過我們坐的是警車

It went fast. We were arrested,

一切都發生的如此迅速 我們先是被逮捕

signed a pledge not to drive again, released.

發誓不會再開車之後就被釋放

Arrested again, he was sent to detention for one day,

但很快又被抓了 他被拘留了一個晚上

and I was sent to jail.

而我則是直接進了監牢

I wasn't sure why I was sent there,

其實我不太清楚我怎麼會被關起來的

because I didn't face any charges in the interrogation.

因為在我被問訊的時候 並沒有任何的指控

But what I was sure of was my innocence.

但我可以肯定的是 我並沒有犯任何的罪

I didn't break a law, and I kept my abaya

我並沒有犯法 我的衣著也是符合規條的

— it's a black cloak we wear in Saudi Arabia before we leave the house —

就是沙烏地阿拉伯的女性出門 必須穿的一件黑色外衣

and my fellow prisoners kept asking me to take it off,

跟我關在一起的人 不斷地叫我把它脫下來

but I was so sure of my innocence, I kept saying,

但我清楚知道自己是清白的 我只有不斷地說

"No, I'm leaving today."

"不, 我今天就可以離開這裡的"

Outside the jail, the whole country went into a frenzy,

在監獄的外頭 全國上下都陷入了一陣狂熱

some attacking me badly,

有些人氣急敗壞地攻擊我

and others supportive and even collecting signatures

也有些支持我的人開始進行連署

in a petition to be sent to the king to release me.

希望沙國國王可以釋放我

I was released after nine days.

九天之後我被放出來

June 17 comes.

到了六月十七號這一天

The streets were packed with police cars

街頭上到處都是警車

and religious police cars,

也有伊斯蘭教警車

but some hundred brave Saudi women

但仍是有上百名無懼的阿拉伯婦女

broke the ban and drove that day.

在那天打破了規條開車出門

None were arrested. We broke the taboo.

而且沒有一個人被捕 我們打破了這個禁忌

(Applause)

(掌聲)

So I think by now, everyone knows that we can't drive,

所以我想到目前為止 各位都知道了我們不能開車出門

or women are not allowed to drive, in Saudi Arabia,

或者沙烏地阿拉伯的女性不能開車出門

but maybe few know why.

但或許沒幾個人知道到底為什麼

Allow me to help you answer this question.

我想我可以為大家回答這個問題

There was this official study

有一份在沙國諮議會中 提出的官方研究報告

that was presented to the Shura Council --

有一份在沙國諮議會中 提出的官方研究報告

it's the consultative council appointed

諮議會是由沙國國王欽定的

by the king in Saudi Arabia —

諮議會是由沙國國王欽定的

and it was done by a local professor,

這個調查是由一位當地的教授完成的

a university professor.

他是位大學教授

He claims it's done based on a UNESCO study.

他表示這份研究報告 是參考一份聯合國文教會的報告寫成

And the study states,

而報告指出

the percentage of rape, adultery,

性侵事件、婚外情、私生子 甚至濫用藥物或賣淫的比例

illegitimate children, even drug abuse,

性侵事件、婚外情、私生子 甚至濫用藥物或賣淫的比例

prostitution in countries where women drive

在女性可以開車的國家裡 比女性不能開車的國家還要高

is higher than countries where women don't drive.

在女性可以開車的國家裡 比女性不能開車的國家還要高

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

I know, I was like this, I was shocked.

我知道 我也是不敢相信

I was like, "We are the last country in the world

我想：除了我們也沒有別的國家 女性是不能開車了啊

where women don't drive."

我想：除了我們也沒有別的國家 女性是不能開車了啊

So if you look at the map of the world,

所以如果你看這張世界地圖

that only leaves two countries:

也就只有兩種國家

Saudi Arabia, and the other society is the rest of the world.

沙烏地阿拉伯 跟世界上的其他國家

We started a hashtag on Twitter mocking the study,

我們在推特上發了一篇 嘲諷這個研究報告的文章

and it made headlines around the world.

那篇文章上了國際頭版

[BBC News: 'End of virginity' if women drive, Saudi cleric warns]

[BBC新聞: 沙國宗教人士警告 "女性若開車恐貞節不保"]

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

And only then we realized it's so empowering

我們也才驚覺

to mock your oppressor.

原來嘲諷對手 可以帶來這麼大的影響力

It strips it away of its strongest weapon: fear.

因為那使他們的最後武器「恐懼」失效

This system is based on ultra-conservative

這整個制度是建立在 極端保守的傳統跟習俗上

traditions and customs

這整個制度是建立在 極端保守的傳統跟習俗上

that deal with women as if they are inferior

並視女性為次等的

and they need a guardian to protect them,

女性也是需要被管束的

so they need to take permission from this guardian,

所以終其一生女性都必須受這規範管束

whether verbal or written, all their lives.

無論那規範是成文還是不成文的

We are minors until the day we die.

哪怕到死女人的地位都是無舉足輕重的

And it becomes worse when it's enshrined in religious fatwas

一旦規範成了神聖的宗教規條 那情形就更加嚴重

based on wrong interpretation of the sharia law,

而且往往是錯誤地解讀了伊斯蘭教教法

or the religious laws.

或其他宗教法律

What's worst, when they become codified

最糟的是如果這些規條 進一步地被訂定成法律

as laws in the system,

最糟的是如果這些規條 進一步地被訂定成法律

and when women themselves believe in their inferiority,

就連女性也相信自己是次等的

and they even fight those who try

還反對其他人對這些條例提出質疑

to question these rules.

還反對其他人對這些條例提出質疑

So for me, it wasn't only about these attacks I had to face.

所以對我來說 真正難的不是那些攻擊

It was about living two totally different

而是要面對針對我個人 兩種完全截然不同的觀點

perceptions of my personality, of my person --

而是要面對針對我個人 兩種完全截然不同的觀點

the villain back in my home country,

在我自己的國家裡 我被視為過街老鼠

and the hero outside.

但是一旦離開了 卻又成了別人眼中的英雄

Just to tell you, two stories happened in the last two years.

就拿前兩年發生的兩個小插曲來說吧

One of them is when I was in jail.

其中一個是當我被關起來的時候

I'm pretty sure when I was in jail,

我可以非常確定 當我被關的時候

everyone saw titles in the international media

這是我被關的那九天裡 各大國際媒體版上的標題 (較正面)

something like this during these nine days I was in jail.

這是我被關的那九天裡 各大國際媒體版上的標題 (較正面)

But in my home country, it was a totally different picture.

但在我自己的國家裡 可就完全不是這麼一回事了

It was more like this:

比較多是這樣寫的

"Manal al-Sharif faces charges of disturbing public order

"Manal al-Sharif 被指控 擾亂公共秩序並煽動女性開車"

and inciting women to drive."

"Manal al-Sharif 被指控 擾亂公共秩序並煽動女性開車"

I know.

我不訝異

"Manal al-Sharif withdraws from the campaign."

"Manal al-Sharif 退出這波宣傳活動"

Ah, it's okay. This is my favorite.

這也還好啦 下面這個是我最喜歡的

"Manal al-Sharif breaks down and confesses:

"Manal al-Sharif 崩潰並承認

'Foreign forces incited me.'"

「我是受到其他國家指使的」"

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

And it goes on, even trial and flogging me in public.

情勢越演越烈 甚至還公開受審跟受到鞭刑

So it's a totally different picture.

情況真的很不一樣

I was asked last year to give a speech

去年我受邀在奧斯陸的自由論壇上演講

at the Oslo Freedom Forum.

去年我受邀在奧斯陸的自由論壇上演講

I was surrounded by this love

我感受到從四面八方而來的愛跟支持

and the support of people around me,

我感受到從四面八方而來的愛跟支持

and they looked at me as an inspiration.

人們視我為一個正面的鼓勵

At the same time, I flew back to my home country,

但同個時間點 當我回到我自己的國家

they hated that speech so much.

他們簡直是痛恨我的那場演講

The way they called it: a betrayal to the Saudi country

他們說那是：對沙國國家跟人民的背叛之舉

and the Saudi people,

他們說那是：對沙國國家跟人民的背叛之舉

and they even started a hashtag called #OsloTraitor on Twitter.

他們甚至開始在推特上面下了一個 名為#奧斯陸叛國者的標題

Some 10,000 tweets were written in that hashtag,

大概有一萬多個人推了那個標題吧

while the opposite hashtag, #OsloHero,

另外還有一個#奧斯陸英雄的標題

there was like a handful of tweets written.

推的人就寥寥無幾了

They even started a poll.

甚至還有人做了一個問卷調查

More than 13,000 voters answered this poll:

有一萬三千多個人回覆了這個問卷

whether they considered me a traitor or not after that speech.

問題是聽完我的演講後 他們認為我究竟是不是個叛國賊

Ninety percent said yes, she's a traitor.

百分之九十的受訪者說 是, 她是是個叛國賊

So it's these two totally different perceptions

這就是我剛提到的針對我 兩種截然不同的觀點

of my personality.

這就是我剛提到的針對我 兩種截然不同的觀點

For me, I'm a proud Saudi woman,

對我來說 我以身為沙國婦女感到驕傲

and I do love my country,

我也深愛著我的國家

and because I love my country, I'm doing this.

也就是因為我愛我的國家 我才會這麼做

Because I believe a society will not be free

因為我相信如果一個社會中的女人沒有自由 那個社會就也不可能會自由

if the women of that society are not free.

因為我相信如果一個社會中的女人沒有自由 那個社會就也不可能會自由

(Applause)

(鼓掌聲)

Thank you.

謝謝大家

(Applause)

(鼓掌聲)

Thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you.

謝謝, 謝謝

(Applause)

(鼓掌聲)

Thank you.

謝謝

But you learn lessons from these things that happen to you.

但你也是可以從這些事情中學到些東西

I learned to be always there.

比方我學到要親自參與在當中

The first thing, I got out of jail,

我從監獄裡出來之後做的第一件事

of course after I took a shower, I went online,

當然是先洗了個澡啦 我就立刻上網

I opened my Twitter account and my Facebook page,

我連上我的推特帳戶跟臉書

and I've been always very respectful

並且我學會保持尊重

to those people who are opining to me.

即使是面對那些批評我的人

I would listen to what they say,

我會去聽他們在說什麼

and I would never defend myself with words only.

我也不會光用言論來捍衛我自己

I would use actions. When they said I should withdraw from the campaign,

我會實際付出行動 當他們說我應該要退出的時候

I filed the first lawsuit against the general directorate

我對交警處提了第一個訴訟

of traffic police for not issuing me a driver's license.

因為他們不發駕照給我

There are a lot of people also --

還有其他許多人

very big support, like those 3,000 people

都非常地支持我

who signed the petition to release me.

就像那些連署要求釋放我的三千多個人

We sent a petition to the Shura Council

我們送了一份請願書給沙國諮議會

in favor of lifting the ban on Saudi women,

希望沙國女性不能開車的禁令可以鬆綁

and there were, like, 3,500 citizens who believed in that

總共有三千五百多位民眾 跟我們有一樣的信念

and they signed that petition.

他們加入了這個連署

There were people like that, I just showed some examples,

其中還有些人 我這裡舉幾個例子

who are amazing, who are believing in women's rights in Saudi Arabia,

他們不光只是認同 沙烏地阿拉伯婦女所應當享有的權利

and trying, and they are also facing a lot of hate

甚至因為嘗試發聲或說出他們的觀點 而因此遭到不友善的對待

because of speaking up and voicing their views.

甚至因為嘗試發聲或說出他們的觀點 而因此遭到不友善的對待

Saudi Arabia today is taking small steps

直到今天在提升婦女權益這塊 沙烏地阿拉伯確實有進步一點

toward enhancing women's rights.

直到今天在提升婦女權益這塊 沙烏地阿拉伯確實有進步一點

The Shura Council that's appointed by the king,

由沙國國王 Abdullah 所任命的諮議會

by royal decree of King Abdullah,

由沙國國王 Abdullah 所任命的諮議會

last year there were 30 women assigned to that Council,

去年諮議會中有三十位女性議員

like 20 percent.

大約是百分之二十的比例

20 percent of the Council. (Applause)

佔了整個諮議會的百分之二十 (掌聲)

The same time, finally, that Council,

在我們送交了女性開車的請願書 四次都被駁回之後

after rejecting our petition four times for women driving,

在我們送交了女性開車的請願書 四次都被駁回之後

they finally accepted it last February.

去年的二月他們總算通過了

(Applause)

(掌聲)

After being sent to jail

就在歷經了被關、鞭刑 或公開受審之後

or sentenced lashing, or sent to a trial,

就在歷經了被關、鞭刑 或公開受審之後

the spokesperson of the traffic police said,

交警部的發言人這麼說

we will only issue traffic violation for women drivers.

我們將來只會開女性駕駛的罰單

The Grand Mufti, who is the head

伊斯蘭教法律權威 (Grand Mufti)

of the religious establishment in Saudi Arabia,

也是沙烏地阿拉伯最高宗教領袖

he said, it's not recommended for women to drive.

聲稱不建議婦女們開車

It used to be haram, forbidden, by the previous Grand Mufti.

但過去歷任宗教領袖在位時 是宗教法規定完全禁止的

So for me, it's not about only these small steps.

所以對我來說 不光只是這些進展

It's about women themselves.

而更是看見女性受到重視

A friend once asked me, she said,

有個朋友這麼問我，她說

"So when do you think this women driving will happen?"

你覺得什麼時候女性會真的開始可以開車

I told her, "Only if women stop asking 'When?'

我告訴她說：只要她們不再問「什麼時候」

and take action to make it now."

而是直接採取行動 那現在就可以開始

So it's not only about the system,

所以不再只是跟這個系統有關

it's also about us women to drive our own life, I'd say.

而是身為女性的我們 如何去展開自己的生活

So I have no clue, really, how I became an activist.

所以我真的不知道 我是怎麼變成這樣一個行動主義者的

And I don't know how I became one now.

我也不知道我怎麼會做 我今天在做的這些事

But all I know, and all I'm sure of, in the future

但我知道，而且我很肯定

when someone asks me my story,

如果將來有人問起我的故事

I will say, "I'm proud

我會說：我真的覺得很驕傲

to be amongst those women who lifted the ban,

能做為解除這項禁令 並了這項禁令抗爭

fought the ban, and celebrated everyone's freedom."

最後與大家一同享受自由果實的婦女之一

So the question I started my talk with,

所以演講開始前我問大家的問題

who do you think is more difficult to face,

你認為哪個比較難對付

oppressive governments or oppressive societies?

是強制的政府還是強勢的社會體制呢？

I hope you find clues to answer that from my speech.

希望在我的演講當中 你有找到回答這問題的線索

Thank you, everyone.

謝謝大家

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Thank you.

謝謝

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Thank you. (Applause)

謝謝大家 (掌聲)