A Saudi woman who dared to drive | Manal al-Sharif

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Translator: Alia Makki Reviewer: Aji Pribadi Henoch

Allow me to start this talk with a question to everyone.

Saya akan memulai ceramah ini dengan pertanyaan.

You know that all over the world,

Di seluruh dunia,

people fight for their freedom,

manusia berjuang demi kebebasan,

fight for their rights.

berjuang untuk mendapatkan haknya.

Some battle oppressive governments.

Beberapa melawan pemerintahan yang menindas.

Others battle oppressive societies.

Lainnya melawan masyarakat yang menindas.

Which battle do you think is harder?

Menurutmu, mana yang lebih sulit dihadapi?

Allow me to try to answer this question

Saya akan menjawab pertanyaan ini

in the few coming minutes.

dalam beberapa menit ke depan.

Let me take you back two years ago in my life.

Perkenankan saya membawa Anda ke kehidupan Saya 2 tahun yang lalu

It was the bedtime of my son, Aboody.

Waktu itu jam tidur putra saya, Aboody.

He was five at the time.

Usianya saat itu lima tahun.

After finishing his bedtime rituals,

Setelah bersiap hendak tidur,

he looked at me and he asked a question:

Ia melihat saya dan bertanya:

"Mommy, are we bad people?"

"Ibu, apa kita ini orang jahat?"

I was shocked.

Saya terkejut.

"Why do you say such things, Aboody?"

"Kenapa kamu bertanya begitu, Aboody?"

Earlier that day, I noticed some bruises

Hari itu saya melihat beberapa luka

on his face when he came from school.

di wajahnya ketika ia pulang sekolah.

He wouldn't tell me what happened.

Ia tidak memberitahu saya apa yang terjadi.

[But now] he was ready to tell.

Tapi sekarang ia siap bercerita.

"Two boys hit me today in school.

"Dua anak memukulku di sekolah.

They told me, 'We saw your mom on Facebook.

Kata mereka, "Kami melihat ibumu di Facebook.

You and your mom should be put in jail.'"

Kamu dan ibumu mestinya masuk penjara.""

I've never been afraid to tell Aboody anything.

Saya belum pernah merasa takut untuk bercerita pada Aboody.

I've been always a proud woman of my achievements.

Saya selalu menjadi seorang wanita yang bangga atas pencapaian saya

But those questioning eyes of my son

Tapi pandangan bertanya anak saya

were my moment of truth,

adalah saatnya

when it all came together.

dimana semuanya menyatu.

You see, I'm a Saudi woman who had been put in jail

Seperti yang Anda lihat, saya adalah seorang perempuan Saudi yang dipenjara

for driving a car in a country

karena mengemudikan mobil di negara di mana

where women are not supposed to drive cars.

wanita tak diizinkan mengemudi.

Just for giving me his car keys,

Hanya dengan memberikan kunci mobilnya,

my own brother was detained twice,

saudara saya dipenjara dua kali,

and he was harassed to the point he had

dan dilecehkan sampai harus

to quit his job as a geologist,

meninggalkan pekerjaannya sebagai ahli geologi,

leave the country with his wife and two-year-old son.

meninggalkan negeri itu bersama istri dan putranya yang berumur 2 tahun.

My father had to sit in a Friday sermon

Ayah saya terpaksa mendengarkan khotbah Jumat

listening to the imam condemning women drivers

dimana imamnya mengutuk wanita pengemudi

and calling them prostitutes

dan menyebut mereka pelacur

amongst tons of worshippers,

di depan ratusan jemaah,

some of them our friends and family of my own father.

beberapa dari mereka juga sanak keluarga dan sahabat ayah saya.

I was faced with an organized defamation campaign

Saya menghadapi kampanye fitnah terorganisir

in the local media combined with false rumors

di media lokal yang digabung dengan berita palsu

shared in family gatherings, in the streets

yang tersebar di pertemuan keluarga, di jalan

and in schools.

dan di sekolah.

It all hit me.

Ini semua menyentak saya.

It came into focus that those kids

Saya menyadari bahwa anak-anak itu

did not mean to be rude to my son.

tak bermaksud jahat pada anak saya.

They were just influenced by the adults around them.

Mereka hanya terpengaruh orang-orang dewasa di sekitar mereka.

And it wasn't about me, and it wasn't a punishment

Ini bukan mengenai saya, dan bukan sebuah hukuman

for taking the wheel and driving a few miles.

karena telah mengambil alih setir dan mengemudi beberapa mil.

It was a punishment for daring to challenge

Ini hukuman karena telah berani menentang

the society's rules.

peraturan masyarakat.

But my story goes beyond this moment of truth of mine.

Tetapi cerita saya terjadi peristiwa ini.

Allow me to give you a briefing

Perkenankan saya memberikan ringkasan

about my story.

cerita saya.

It was May, 2011,

Bulan Mei, 2011,

and I was complaining to a work colleague

ketika mengeluh pada kolega saya

about the harassments I had to face

tentang penghinaan yang harus saya hadapi

trying to find a ride back home,

sekedar untuk mendapat tumpangan pulang,

although I have a car and an international driver's license.

meskipun saya memiliki mobil dan SIM internasional.

As long as I've known, women in Saudi Arabia

Setahu saya, wanita di Arab Saudi

have been always complaining about the ban,

selalu mengeluhkan larangan tersebut,

but it's been 20 years since anyone

tapi ini sudah 20 tahun sejak ada orang

tried to do anything about it,

yang berusaha merubahnya,

a whole generation ago.

generasi yang lalu.

He broke the good/bad news in my face.

Kolega saya menjelaskan.

"But there is no law banning you from driving."

"Sebenarnya, tak ada undang-undang yang melarang wanita untuk mengemudi."

I looked it up, and he was right.

Saya mencarinya, dan ternyata ia benar.

There wasn't an actual law in Saudi Arabia.

Sebenarnya tak ada undang-undangnya di Saudi.

It was just a custom and traditions

Ini hanya masalah adat dan tradisi

that are enshrined in rigid religious fatwas

yang diabadikan fatwa keras

and imposed on women.

terhadap wanita.

That realization ignited the idea of June 17,

Kesadaran itu memicu ide kampanye "17 Juni",

where we encouraged women to take the wheel

dimana kami membujuk wanita untuk mengambil alih setir

and go drive.

dan mengemudi.

It was a few weeks later, we started receiving all these

Beberapa minggu kemudian, kami mulai menerima pesan semacam

"Man wolves will rape you if you go and drive."

"Manusia serigala akan memerkosa pengemudi wanita."

A courageous woman, her name is Najla Hariri,

Seorang wanita berani, Najla Hariri,

she's a Saudi woman in the city of Jeddah,

wanita Saudi dari Jeddah,

she drove a car and she announced

ia mengemudi dan mengumumkannya

but she didn't record a video.

tapi tak merekam video.

We needed proof.

Kami membutuhkan bukti.

So I drove. I posted a video on YouTube.

Maka saya mengemudi. Dan mengunggahnya di YouTube.

And to my surprise,

Yang mengejutkan,

it got hundreds of thousands of views the first day.

video itu dilihat ratusan ribu orang dalam beberapa hari pertama.

What happened next, of course?

Dapat ditebak apa yang terjadi berikutnya.

I started receiving threats

Saya mulai menerima ancaman

to be killed, raped, just to stop this campaign.

akan dibunuh, diperkosa, untuk menghentikan kampanye ini.

The Saudi authorities remained very quiet.

Pemerintah Saudi tetap diam.

That really creeped us out.

Dan itu yang menakutkan.

I was in the campaign with other Saudi women

Saya berkampanye bersama beberapa wanita Saudi

and even men activists.

dan aktivis pria.

We wanted to know how the authorities

Kami ingin mengetahui bagaimana otoritas

would respond on the actual day, June 17,

bereaksi pada Hari-H, 17 Juni,

when women go out and drive.

saat wanita mengemudi.

So this time I asked my brother

Kali ini saya meminta saudara saya

to come with me and drive by a police car.

untuk menemani dan mengemudi melewati mobil polisi.

It went fast. We were arrested,

Kejadian belalu cepat. Kami ditahan,

signed a pledge not to drive again, released.

menandatangani ikrar tak akan mengemudi lagi, dibebaskan.

Arrested again, he was sent to detention for one day,

Ditahan lagi, dan saudara saya dipenjara selama sehari.

and I was sent to jail.

Saya juga dipenjara.

I wasn't sure why I was sent there,

Saya tidak mengetahui alasannya,

because I didn't face any charges in the interrogation.

karena tidak menghadapi tuduhan apapun saat interogasi.

But what I was sure of was my innocence.

Tapi saya yakin bahwa secara hukum saya tak bersalah.

I didn't break a law, and I kept my abaya

Saya tak melanggar hukum, dan tetap mengenakan abaya

— it's a black cloak we wear in Saudi Arabia before we leave the house —

- Abaya, jubah hitam yang dipakai wanita Saudi sebelum meninggalkan rumah -

and my fellow prisoners kept asking me to take it off,

sementara kawan satu sel saya membujuk saya untuk menanggalkannya,

but I was so sure of my innocence, I kept saying,

tapi saya begitu yakin saya tidak bersalah, dan terus mengucapkan,

"No, I'm leaving today."

"Tidak, saya akan pulang hari ini."

Outside the jail, the whole country went into a frenzy,

Di luar penjara, negara bergejolak,

some attacking me badly,

beberapa menyerang saya ,

and others supportive and even collecting signatures

lainnya mendukung dan mengumpulkan tanda tangan

in a petition to be sent to the king to release me.

dalam petisi yang dikirimkan ke raja untuk membebaskanku.

I was released after nine days.

Saya bebas setelah sembilan hari.

June 17 comes.

Datanglah tanggal 17 Juni.

The streets were packed with police cars

Jalanan dipadati mobil polisi,

and religious police cars,

dan mobil polisi syariat,

but some hundred brave Saudi women

tapi ratusan wanita Saudi berani

broke the ban and drove that day.

melanggar larangan dan mengemudi hari itu.

None were arrested. We broke the taboo.

Tak ada yang ditahan. Kami mematahkan tabu.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan.)

So I think by now, everyone knows that we can't drive,

Mungkin semua orang tahu bahwa kami tak boleh mengemudi,

or women are not allowed to drive, in Saudi Arabia,

tepatnya, wanita tak diizinkan mengemudi di Saudi,

but maybe few know why.

tapi hanya sedikit yang tahu mengapa.

Allow me to help you answer this question.

Menurut saya, ini jawabannya.

There was this official study

Ada sebuah studi resmi

that was presented to the Shura Council --

yang diserahkan ke Dewan Shura --

it's the consultative council appointed

dewan penasihat yang dipilih

by the king in Saudi Arabia —

oleh raja Saudi --

and it was done by a local professor,

riset ini dilakukan oleh seorang profesor lokal,

a university professor.

profesor universitas.

He claims it's done based on a UNESCO study.

Ia mengklaim bahwa riset ini didasari riset UNESCO.

And the study states,

Riset tersebut mengatakan,

the percentage of rape, adultery,

persentase pemerkosaan, perbuatan serong,

illegitimate children, even drug abuse,

lahirnya anak di luar nikah, bahkan penyalahgunaan narkoba,

prostitution in countries where women drive

pelacuran di negara dimana wanita mengemudi

is higher than countries where women don't drive.

lebih tinggi daripada di negara dimana wanita tak mengemudi.

(Laughter)

(Tawa.)

I know, I was like this, I was shocked.

Saya terkejut.

I was like, "We are the last country in the world

"Kita adalah negara terakhir di dunia

where women don't drive."

di mana wanita tak mengemudi."

So if you look at the map of the world,

Jika Anda melihat peta dunia,

that only leaves two countries:

artinya hanya tinggal dua negara:

Saudi Arabia, and the other society is the rest of the world.

Arab Saudi dan masyarakat seluruh dunia.

We started a hashtag on Twitter mocking the study,

Di Twitter, kami memulai rangkaian hestek yang mengejek riset tersebut,

and it made headlines around the world.

dan menjadi judul berita di seluruh dunia.

[BBC News: 'End of virginity' if women drive, Saudi cleric warns]

[Berita BBC: "Akhir Keperawanan" saat wanita mengemudi, Peringatan Mufti Saudi]

(Laughter)

(Tawa.)

And only then we realized it's so empowering

Saat itu kami menyadari betapa jaya rasanya

to mock your oppressor.

mengejek para penindas.

It strips it away of its strongest weapon: fear.

Ejekan melucuti senjatanya yang terkuat: Ketakutan.

This system is based on ultra-conservative

Sistem negara in didasari tradisi dan adat

traditions and customs

ultra-kolot

that deal with women as if they are inferior

yang menganggap wanita adalah inferior

and they need a guardian to protect them,

dan membutuhkan ksatria pelindung,

so they need to take permission from this guardian,

sehingga mereka membutuhkan izin dari ksatrianya,

whether verbal or written, all their lives.

baik verbal maupun tertulis, seumur hidup mereka.

We are minors until the day we die.

Kami di bawah umur sampai mati.

And it becomes worse when it's enshrined in religious fatwas

Yang membuatnya semakin parah adalah pengukuhan fatwa agama

based on wrong interpretation of the sharia law,

berdasarkan tafsir miring akan hukum syariat

or the religious laws.

atau hukum agama.

What's worst, when they become codified

Yang paling parah, saat hukum ini dibukukan

as laws in the system,

sebagai hukum negara

and when women themselves believe in their inferiority,

dan saat wanita-wanita ini percaya akan inferioritas mereka,

and they even fight those who try

bahkan melawan mereka yang

to question these rules.

mempertanyakan peraturan ini.

So for me, it wasn't only about these attacks I had to face.

Bagi saya, ini bukan saja soal serangan yang harus saya hadapi.

It was about living two totally different

Ini soal hidup dalam dua persepsi

perceptions of my personality, of my person --

yang sama sekali berbeda tentang diri saya --

the villain back in my home country,

sebagai penjahat di negeri sendiri,

and the hero outside.

dan sebagai pahlawan di luar.

Just to tell you, two stories happened in the last two years.

Ada dua cerita yang terjadi dalam dua tahun terakhir.

One of them is when I was in jail.

Yang pertama saat saya dipenjara,

I'm pretty sure when I was in jail,

saya yakin sewaktu di penjara,

everyone saw titles in the international media

semua orang membaca berita internasional

something like this during these nine days I was in jail.

seperti ini selama masa 9 hari saya di penjara.

But in my home country, it was a totally different picture.

Tapi di negeri saya, gambarannya sama sekali berbeda.

It was more like this:

Kesannya lebih mirip begini:

"Manal al-Sharif faces charges of disturbing public order

"Mana al-Sharif mengahdapi tuduhan mengganggu ketenangan publik

and inciting women to drive."

dan menghasut wanita untuk mengemudi."

I know.

Ya, kan?

"Manal al-Sharif withdraws from the campaign."

"Mana al-Sharif mundur kampanye."

Ah, it's okay. This is my favorite.

Tak apa. Ini favorit saya.

"Manal al-Sharif breaks down and confesses:

"Mana al-Sharif menangis dan mengaku:

'Foreign forces incited me.'"

"Kekuatan asing menghasut saya.""

(Laughter)

(Tawa)

And it goes on, even trial and flogging me in public.

Dan seterusnya, bahkan pengadilan dan cambuk di depan umum.

So it's a totally different picture.

Gambaran yang sama sekali berbeda.

I was asked last year to give a speech

Tahun lalu saya diminta untuk memberi ceramah

at the Oslo Freedom Forum.

di Forum Kebebasan Oslo.

I was surrounded by this love

Saya dikelilingi cinta

and the support of people around me,

dan dukungan semua orang di sekitar saya,

and they looked at me as an inspiration.

dan mereka memandang saya sebagai sumber inspirasi.

At the same time, I flew back to my home country,

Pada waktu yang sama, saat pulang ke negeri saya,

they hated that speech so much.

mereka begitu membenci ceramah itu.

The way they called it: a betrayal to the Saudi country

Mereka menyebutnya: Pengkhianat bagi negeri dan

and the Saudi people,

bangsa Saudi,

and they even started a hashtag called #OsloTraitor on Twitter.

juga memulai rangkaian hestek #PengkhianatOslo di Twitter.

Some 10,000 tweets were written in that hashtag,

Sekitar 10'000 tweet ditulis dengan hestek itu,

while the opposite hashtag, #OsloHero,

sementara twit dengan hestek #PahlawanOslo,

there was like a handful of tweets written.

hanya segelintir.

They even started a poll.

Mereka bahkan memulai pemungutan suara.

More than 13,000 voters answered this poll:

Lebih dari 13'000 orang menjawabnya:

whether they considered me a traitor or not after that speech.

Apakah saya patut dianggap pengkhianat atau tidak setelah ceramah tersebut.

Ninety percent said yes, she's a traitor.

Sembilan puluh persen menjawab, Ya, dia pengkhianat.

So it's these two totally different perceptions

Jadi di sini ada dua persepsi yang sama sekali berbeda

of my personality.

akan diri saya.

For me, I'm a proud Saudi woman,

Bagi saya, saya bangga menjadi wanita Saudi

and I do love my country,

dan mencintai negeri saya,

and because I love my country, I'm doing this.

dan karena cinta akan negeri, saya melakukan ini.

Because I believe a society will not be free

Karena saya yakin masyarakat tidak akan pernah bebas

if the women of that society are not free.

selama wanita dalam masyarakat itu belum bebas.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

Thank you.

Terima kasih.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

Thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you.

Terima kasih.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

Thank you.

Terima kasih.

But you learn lessons from these things that happen to you.

Kita belajar saat hal seperti ini terjadi.

I learned to be always there.

Saya belaja untuk selalu di sana.

The first thing, I got out of jail,

Hal pertama, begitu keluar penjara,

of course after I took a shower, I went online,

setelah mandi, tentunya, adalah masuk internet,

I opened my Twitter account and my Facebook page,

membuka akun Twitter dan Facebook saya,

and I've been always very respectful

dan saya selalu bersikap hormat

to those people who are opining to me.

pada pendapat semua orang.

I would listen to what they say,

Saya akan mendengarkan apa kata mereka,

and I would never defend myself with words only.

dan tidak akan pernah membela diri hanya dengan kata-kata.

I would use actions. When they said I should withdraw from the campaign,

Saya menggunakan sikap. Saat mereka menyuruh saya mundur kampanye,

I filed the first lawsuit against the general directorate

Saya menuntut direktorat umum polantas

of traffic police for not issuing me a driver's license.

yang tidak menerbitkan SIM mengemudi bagi saya.

There are a lot of people also --

Ada banyak orang yang juga --

very big support, like those 3,000 people

sangat mendukung, seperti 3000 orang

who signed the petition to release me.

yang menandatangani petisi untuk pembebasan saya.

We sent a petition to the Shura Council

Kami mengirimkan petisi ke Dewan Shura

in favor of lifting the ban on Saudi women,

untuk menghilangkan larangan mengemudi bagi wanita di Saudi

and there were, like, 3,500 citizens who believed in that

sekitar 3500 warga negara yang meyakini hal yang sama

and they signed that petition.

dan menandatangani petisi itu.

There were people like that, I just showed some examples,

Ada banyak orang , seperti saya contohkan,

who are amazing, who are believing in women's rights in Saudi Arabia,

yang luar biasa, yang meyakini hak-hak wanita di Saudi,

and trying, and they are also facing a lot of hate

dan berusaha, meskipun dengan mengahadapi banyak kebencian,

because of speaking up and voicing their views.

karena berbicara dan menyuarakan pandangan mereka

Saudi Arabia today is taking small steps

Arab Saudi hari ini mengambil langkah-langkah kecil

toward enhancing women's rights.

menuju perlindungan hak wanita.

The Shura Council that's appointed by the king,

Anggota Dewan Shura yang dipilih raja,

by royal decree of King Abdullah,

dengan dekrit dari Raja Abdullah,

last year there were 30 women assigned to that Council,

ada 30 wanita yang terpilih menjadi anggota dewan tersebut,

like 20 percent.

sekitar 20 persen.

20 percent of the Council. (Applause)

20 persen dari dewan. (Tepuk tangan)

The same time, finally, that Council,

Di waktu yang sama, setelah empat kali

after rejecting our petition four times for women driving,

menolak petisi untuk mengzinkan wanita mengemudi,

they finally accepted it last February.

dewan itu akhirnya menerimanya Februari yang lalu.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

After being sent to jail

Setelah masuk penjara,

or sentenced lashing, or sent to a trial,

atau divonis cambuk, atau diadili,

the spokesperson of the traffic police said,

juru bicara polantas berkata

we will only issue traffic violation for women drivers.

"Kami hanya akan mencatat pengemudi wanita sebagai pelanggar lalu lintas."

The Grand Mufti, who is the head

Mufti Besar, yang juga kepala lembaga agama

of the religious establishment in Saudi Arabia,

di Arab Saudi,

he said, it's not recommended for women to drive.

berkata, "Tak dianjurkan bagi wanita untuk mengemudi."

It used to be haram, forbidden, by the previous Grand Mufti.

Dulunya dianggap haram oleh Mufti Besar sebelumnya.

So for me, it's not about only these small steps.

Bagi saya bukan hanya soal langkah-langka kecil ini saja.

It's about women themselves.

Tapi juga tentang wanita itu sendiri.

A friend once asked me, she said,

Seorang teman pernah bertanya,

"So when do you think this women driving will happen?"

"Menurutmu kapan wanita akan diizinkan mengemudi?"

I told her, "Only if women stop asking 'When?'

Saya bilang, "Saat wanita berhenti bertanya 'Kapan?'

and take action to make it now."

dan mengambil sikap sekarang."

So it's not only about the system,

Jadi ini bukan saja tentang sistem negara,

it's also about us women to drive our own life, I'd say.

ini juga soal wanita yang ingin menahkodai hidupnya sendiri.

So I have no clue, really, how I became an activist.

Saya tidak tahu bagaimana saya menjadi seorang aktivis.

And I don't know how I became one now.

Dan saya tidak tahu bagaimana bersikap sebagai aktivis.

But all I know, and all I'm sure of, in the future

Yang saya tahu, yang saya yakini, bahwa di masa depan

when someone asks me my story,

saat seseorang menanyakan cerita saya,

I will say, "I'm proud

saya akan bilang, "Saya bangga

to be amongst those women who lifted the ban,

menjadi salah satu wanita yang mengangkat larangan itu,

fought the ban, and celebrated everyone's freedom."

melawannya dan merayakan kebebasan kita semua."

So the question I started my talk with,

Jadi pertanyaan di awal ceramah saya tadi,

who do you think is more difficult to face,

menurutmu mana yang lebih berat untuk dihadapi,

oppressive governments or oppressive societies?

pemerintah penindas atau masyarakat penindas?

I hope you find clues to answer that from my speech.

Saya harap anda dapat memetik jawabannya dari ceramah saya.

Thank you, everyone.

Terima kasih, semuanya.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

Thank you.

Terima kasih.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

Thank you. (Applause)

Terima kasih. (Tepuk tangan)