Dean Kamen: New prosthetic arm for veterans

72,681 views ・ 2007-08-28

TED


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譯者: Marie Wu 審譯者: Terry Lin
00:25
I got a visit almost exactly a year ago,
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大約在一年以前,有一個人來找我
00:29
a little over a year ago, from a very senior person at the Department of Defense.
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應該比一年還要再多一點,他是國防部的一個長官
00:33
Came to see me and said, "1,600 of the kids that we've sent out
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他來找我說:我們送出去的士兵裡
00:38
have come back missing at least one full arm.
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有1千6百個士兵回來的時候少了一支或二支手臂
00:43
Whole arm. Shoulder disarticulation.
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一整支手臂,從肩膀這裡斷掉
00:46
And we're doing the same thing we did for -- more or less,
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但我們能提供的協助比以前好不到那裡去
00:49
that we've done since the Civil War, a stick and a hook.
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就像在南北戰爭時期,這些士兵只能得到一支木棍和一個鈎子
00:52
And they deserve more than that."
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但是這些士兵應該得到更好的醫療選擇
00:56
And literally, this guy sat in my office in New Hampshire and said,
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然後,坐在我新罕布夏州辦公室裡的男人說
01:00
"I want you to give me something that we can put on these kids
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我希望你能設計一種義肢,讓我們能裝在這些士兵身上
01:03
that'll pick up a raisin or a grape off a table,
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讓他們能拿起桌上的葡萄乾或葡萄
01:08
they'll be able to put it in their mouth without destroying either one,
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然後輕柔地放進嘴裡,不會捏碎任何一個
01:12
and they'll be able to know the difference without looking at it."
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也能不用看就能透過義肢來分辨二者的差別
01:15
You know, had efferent, afferent, and haptic response.
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大概就是要具備傳出、傳入的功能,還要有觸覺
01:20
He finishes explaining that, and I'm waiting for the big 300 pound paper proposal,
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他解釋完以後,我還以為他會給我一份重達三百磅的文件
01:25
and he said, "That's what I want from you."
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結果他說:我希望你能幫忙
01:28
I said, "Look, you're nuts. That technology's just not available right now.
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我說:我覺得你瘋了,現在根本沒有這種技術
01:35
And it can't be done.
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也不可能辦到
01:37
Not in an envelope of a human arm,
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我不可能把這種裝置放在義肢裡
01:40
with 21 degrees of freedom, from your shoulder to your fingertips."
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還要讓義肢可以從肩膀到手指自由轉動21度
01:45
He said, "About two dozen of these 1,600 kids have come back bilateral.
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他說:在這1千6百個士兵裡,大約有24人失去了雙臂
01:53
You think it's bad to lose one arm?
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你以為少了一支手臂很糟嗎?
01:54
That's an inconvenience compared to having both of them gone."
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跟失去雙臂的人比起來,那只是有點不方便而已
02:02
I got a day job,
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我那時候白天有一份正職
02:04
and my nights and weekends are already filled up with things like,
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晚上的時間則花在替這個世界思考
02:06
let's supply water to the world, and power to the world, and educate all the kids,
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如何解決乾旱、增加供電普及率、兒童的教育等
02:11
which, Chris, I will not talk about. I don't need another mission.
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Chris你放心,我不會談這些問題。我可不需要另一份工作
02:19
I keep thinking about these kids with no arms.
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我還是持續在思考這些士兵失去手臂的問題
02:23
He says to me, "We've done some work around the country.
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他對我說:我們已經有一些初步的研究
02:26
We've got some pretty amazing neurology and other people."
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還有一些很令人驚訝的神經學成果
02:30
I said, "I'll take a field trip, I'll go see what you got."
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我說:我會過去你那裡一趟,看看你們有些什麼成果
02:34
Over the next month I visited lots of places, some out here, around the country,
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接下來的一個月,我去了很多地方,全國各地都跑遍了
02:37
found the best of the best.
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拜訪了許多頂尖專家
02:39
I went down to Washington. I saw these guys, and said,
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我後來去了華盛頓,見了這個人,我說
02:42
"I did what you asked me. I looked at what's out there.
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我依照你要求的做了,也看了許多人的成果
02:45
I still think you're nuts. But not as nuts as I thought."
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我還是覺得你瘋了,但沒有我想得那麼瘋
02:50
I put a team together, a little over 13 months ago,
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大約在13個月之前,我組成了一個團隊
02:54
got up to 20 some-odd people.
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聚集了大約20位頂尖人才
02:57
We said, we're going to build a device that does what he wants.
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我們想要做出那個人要的義肢
03:00
We have 14 out of the 21 degrees of freedom;
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雖然達不到21度,但我們做出一個可以自由活動14度的義肢
03:03
you don't need the ones in the last two fingers.
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因為最後二個手指較少用到
03:05
We put this thing together.
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我們把各自的成果結合起來
03:07
A couple of weeks ago we took it down to Walter Reed,
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幾個星期前,我們把義肢送到Walter Reed陸軍醫院測試
03:10
which is unfortunately more in the news these days.
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很不幸的這家醫院最近常上新聞
03:12
We showed it to a bunch of guys.
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我們把這種義肢拿給許多人看
03:14
One guy who described himself as being lucky,
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其中有一個人自稱他很幸運
03:16
because he lost his left arm, and he's a righty.
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因為他失去的是左臂,而他是右撇子
03:22
He sat at a table with seven or eight of these other guys.
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他和其他七八個失去手臂的人坐在一起
03:24
Said he was lucky, because he had his good arm,
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他說他很幸運,因為他還有一支好的手臂
03:27
and then he pushed himself back from the table. He had no legs.
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然後他將椅子推離開桌子,我們才發現他沒有腳
03:31
These kids have attitudes that you just can't believe.
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這些士兵面對人生的態度真的很讓人敬佩
03:34
So I'm going to show you now, without the skin on it,
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現在我要給你們看一段30秒的影片
03:36
a 30-second piece, and then I'm done.
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是還沒有包覆皮膚的義肢,影片結束我的演說就結束了
03:39
But understand what you're looking at
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但是請瞭解一點:你們所看到的
03:42
we made small enough to fit on a 50th percentile female,
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這種義肢尺寸較小,是一般女人的尺寸
03:46
so that we could put it in any of these people.
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所以我們可以把這種義肢裝在任何一個士兵身上
03:50
It's going to go inside something that we use in CAT scans and
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我們會用CAT或是MRI等掃瞄技術
03:53
MRIs of whatever is their good arm,
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掃瞄他們另一支健全的手臂
03:55
to make silicon rubber, then coat it, and paint it in 3D --
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用以製造出一層矽膠皮膚,然後用3D技術上色
04:01
exact mirror image of their other limb.
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讓義肢看起來就像他們另一支健全的手臂
04:04
So, you won't see all the really cool stuff that's in this series elastic set of 14 actuators,
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所以你不會看到很炫的科技裝置,在義肢裡其實有14組伸縮裝置
04:09
each one which has its own capability to sense temperature and pressure.
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每一組都可以感知溫度與壓力
04:13
It also has a pneumatic cuff that holds it on,
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我們還設計了一個氣壓連接器來連接肩膀
04:15
so the more they put themselves under load, the more it attaches.
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所以當他們拿的東西愈重,義肢與肩膀就連接得愈緊
04:19
They take the load off, and it becomes, again, compliant.
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當把重物放下時,就會回復原來的柔順
04:22
I'm going to show you a guy doing a couple of simple things with this
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影片裡的人會做一些簡單的動作
04:26
that we demonstrated in Washington. Can we look at this thing?
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這是我們在華盛頓播放過的影片,現在來看看
04:36
Watch the fingers grab. The thumb comes up. Wrist.
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請看手指抓取動作,拇指往上,接下來是手腕
04:42
This weighs 6.9 pounds.
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瓶子重6.9磅
04:45
Going to scratch his nose.
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抓鼻子
04:50
It's got 14 active degrees of freedom.
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這支義肢有14度的自由活動範圍
04:52
Now he's going to pick up a pen with his opposed thumb and index finger.
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現在他要用拇指和食指拿起一支筆
04:58
Now he's going to put that down, pick up a piece of paper,
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然後放下,拿起一張紙
05:01
rotate all the degrees of freedom in his hand and wrist, and read it.
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調整手和手腕的角度,然後開始閱讀
05:10
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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