Lisa Kristine: Photos that bear witness to modern slavery

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

譯者: Yuguo Zhang 審譯者: Karen SONG

I'm 150 feet down an illegal mine shaft in Ghana.

我在加納地下50米深的一個非法礦井裡

The air is thick with heat and dust,

空氣污濁悶熱，充斥著塵土

and it's hard to breathe.

讓人很難呼吸

I can feel the brush of sweaty bodies passing me

我可以感覺到來來往往大汗淋漓的人們從我身邊擦過

in the darkness, but I can't see much else.

但是在一片黑暗中，我也看不見什麼其他的東西了

I hear voices talking, but mostly the shaft

我聽到周圍有人說話的聲音

is this cacophony of men coughing,

但更多是咳嗽聲

and stone being broken with primitive tools.

混雜著用簡陋工具砸碎石頭的噪音

Like the others, I wear a flickering, cheap flashlight

跟其他人一樣，我頭上頂著一個時亮時滅的廉價探照燈

tied to my head with this elastic, tattered band,

用一條破爛的皮筋綁在脖子上

and I can barely make out the slick tree limbs

我勉強摸到牆上光溜溜的樹枝扶手

holding up the walls of the three-foot square hole

它們支撐著這個一米見方

dropping hundreds of feet into the earth.

深上百米的井筒

When my hand slips, I suddenly remember a miner

我的手滑了一下，立即想到數天前碰到的一名礦工

I had met days before who had lost his grip

他一手抓空

and fell countless feet down that shaft.

就掉下了無底深井

As I stand talking to you today,

當我今天站在這裡跟你們演講的時候

these men are still deep in that hole,

這些礦工們還在這樣的礦井裡

risking their lives without payment or compensation,

冒著生命危險幹活,沒有工資,沒有補貼

and often dying.

還經常丟命

I got to climb out of that hole, and I got to go home,

我最後爬出了礦井得以回家

but they likely never will, because they're trapped in slavery.

而這些被奴役的礦工可能永遠沒有回家的那一天

For the last 28 years, I've been documenting

在過去的28年裡我一直在拍攝本土文化的紀錄片

indigenous cultures in more than 70 countries

走訪了6大洲70多個國家

on six continents, and in 2009 I had the great honor

而在2009年，我非常榮幸地

of being the sole exhibitor at the Vancouver Peace Summit.

能以獨立參展商的身份出席了溫哥華和平峰會

Amongst all the astonishing people I met there,

在那裡我遇到了很多令人傾佩的人

I met a supporter of Free the Slaves, an NGO

我認識了一位Free the Slaves（解放奴隸）組織的支持者

dedicated to eradicating modern day slavery.

這個非政府組織致力於根除現代社會的奴役現象

We started talking about slavery, and really,

我們聊起了奴隸制度

I started learning about slavery,

而此時我才開始真正瞭解奴役的現實

for I had certainly known it existed in the world,

雖然我一直都知道世上奴隸制尚存

but not to such a degree.

但完全不知道事態的嚴重性

After we finished talking, I felt so horrible

在我們的談話結束後，我感覺非常的糟糕

and honestly ashamed at my own lack of knowledge

並且為自己對這樣殘暴的現象缺乏認知

of this atrocity in my own lifetime, and I thought,

感覺到慚愧

if I don't know, how many other people don't know?

我不知道，還有多少人也一樣不知道？

It started burning a hole in my stomach, so within weeks,

這個想法讓我坐立難安

I flew down to Los Angeles to meet with the director

幾周後我就飛去了洛杉磯

of Free the Slaves and offer them my help.

去見Free The Slaves組織的負責人，想要有所作為

Thus began my journey into modern day slavery.

由此開始了我深入現代奴隸制度的旅程

Oddly, I had been to many of these places before.

奇怪的是，很多地方我都去過

Some I even considered like my second home.

有的我還把它們當成是我的第二故鄉

But this time, I would see the skeletons hidden in the closet.

但是這一次，我要去挖掘那些見不得光的秘密

A conservative estimate tells us there are more than

據保守估計

27 million people enslaved in the world today.

當今全世界有超過2700萬人被奴役

That's double the amount of people taken from Africa

這個數字是在跨大西洋奴隸貿易中

during the entire trans-Atlantic slave trade.

從非洲被販賣的黑奴總數的兩倍

A hundred and fifty years ago, an agricultural slave

150年前，一個農奴的價格

cost about three times the annual salary

抵得上美國一名普通工人

of an American worker.

年薪的三倍

That equates to about $50,000 in today's money.

相當於今天的5萬美金

Yet today, entire families can be enslaved for generations

但是在今天，一整個家庭被世代奴役的代價

over a debt as small as $18.

可能就只有18美金的欠債

Astonishingly, slavery generates profits

讓人震驚的是，奴隸在全球產生的利潤

of more than $13 billion worldwide each year.

每年超過130億美金

Many have been tricked by false promises

他們當中很多人都是被虛假承諾所騙

of a good education, a better job, only to find

輕信所謂好的教育機會、所謂好的工作機會

that they're forced to work without pay

而被迫無償工作

under the threat of violence, and they cannot walk away.

經受暴力威脅，並且無法逃脫

Today's slavery is about commerce,

今天的奴隸制度關乎商業利益

so the goods that enslaved people produce have value,

奴隸製造的商品具有價值

but the people producing them are disposable.

但是創造價值的人卻是被隨意處置的

Slavery exists everywhere, nearly, in the world,

奴隸制度存在於世上的幾乎每一個角落

and yet it is illegal everywhere in the world.

即使它無論在何處都是違法的

In India and Nepal, I was introduced to the brick kilns.

在印度和尼泊爾，我被帶到磚窯裡

This strange and awesome sight was like

那裡的景象極其怪異

walking into ancient Egypt or Dante's Inferno.

感覺就像走進了古埃及或者但丁描述的地獄

Enveloped in temperatures of 130 degrees,

在50多攝氏度的高溫中

men, women, children, entire families in fact,

男人，女人，小孩，事實上是一整個家庭

were cloaked in a heavy blanket of dust,

在厚厚的灰塵籠罩下

while mechanically stacking bricks on their head,

機械地把磚塊往自己的頭頂上壘

up to 18 at a time, and carrying them

每次疊上18塊

from the scorching kilns to trucks hundreds of yards away.

然後搬運到離磚窯幾百米遠的卡車上

Deadened by monotony and exhaustion,

單調和疲憊消磨著他們

they work silently, doing this task over and over

他們安靜著勞動著，一遍又一遍的幹著同樣的活

for 16 or 17 hours a day.

一天16到17個小時

There were no breaks for food, no water breaks,

中途不能休息，不能吃飯，不能喝水

and the severe dehydration made urinating

由於極度的缺水

pretty much inconsequential.

他們基本上也不需要上廁所

So pervasive was the heat and the dust

由於那裡面的悶熱和塵土

that my camera became too hot to even touch

我的相機燙得沒法拿

and ceased working.

也無法運轉

Every 20 minutes, I'd have to run back to our cruiser

每20分鐘，我就必須跑回車上

to clean out my gear and run it under an air conditioner

清理我的設備，讓它在空調底下吹著冷氣

to revive it, and as I sat there,

它才能重新啟動

I thought, my camera is getting far better treatment

我坐在車上想，就連攝像機受到的待遇

than these people.

都比這些活生生的人要好得多

Back in the kilns, I wanted to cry,

我回到窯裡、我覺得非常想哭 ，

but the abolitionist next to me quickly grabbed me

回到窯內，我忍不住想哭

and he said, "Lisa, don't do that. Just don't do that here."

他說，"麗莎，不要哭。千萬不要在這裡哭。

And he very clearly explained to me that emotional displays

然後他跟我解釋

are very dangerous in a place like this,

在這樣的地方抒發自己的情緒是很危險的

not just for me, but for them.

不僅對我而言危險，對這些工人們也是

I couldn't offer them any direct help.

我沒有辦法給他們提供任何直接的幫助

I couldn't give them money, nothing.

我不能給他們錢，我什麼也給不了

I wasn't a citizen of that country.

我不是那個國家的公民

I could get them in a worse situation

我的行為很有可能

than they were already in.

會讓他們的境遇比現在更糟

I'd have to rely on Free the Slaves to work

我只能指望Free the Slaves組織能夠在體系內發揮作用

within the system for their liberation,

解放他們

and I trusted that they would.

我相信他們可以做到

As for me, I'd have to wait until I got home

就我來說，我必須等回到家以後

to really feel my heartbreak.

才能去品嘗這份心痛

In the Himalayas, I found children carrying stone

在喜馬拉雅，我見到了做苦力的小孩

for miles down mountainous terrain

背著石頭走上幾公里的山路

to trucks waiting at roads below.

到路邊等著的卡車旁

The big sheets of slate were heavier

那些大石板

than the children carrying them,

比搬運石板的孩子還要重

and the kids hoisted them from their heads

孩子們用樹枝，繩子，破爛的衣服製成背帶

using these handmade harnesses of sticks and rope

把石板

and torn cloth.

綁在自己身上

It's difficult to witness something so overwhelming.

目睹這樣沉甸甸的場景是一件極其痛苦的事

How can we affect something so insidious,

我們怎麼才能幹預這些隱藏於輿論之外

yet so pervasive?

但卻堪稱普遍的惡事？

Some don't even know they're enslaved,

一些人甚至都不認為他們自己在被人奴役

people working 16, 17 hours a day without any pay,

每天工作十六七個小時 得不到半點酬勞

because this has been the case all their lives.

因為他們生來就過著這樣的日子

They have nothing to compare it to.

沒有任何比較

When these villagers claimed their freedom,

如果這些人要為自己爭取自由

the slaveholders burned down all of their houses.

奴隸主就燒掉他們所有的房子

I mean, these people had nothing,

這些人一無所有

and they were so petrified, they wanted to give up,

他們嚇壞了，他們想要放棄

but the woman in the center rallied for them to persevere,

但是照片中間這位女士團結眾人堅持到底

and abolitionists on the ground

在當地的廢奴主義者

helped them get a quarry lease of their own,

幫助他們爭取採石場的租約

so that now they do the same back-breaking work,

這樣，他們繼續幹著同樣的重活

but they do it for themselves, and they get paid for it,

但現在是為自己而幹，能拿到酬勞

and they do it in freedom.

他們擁有了自由

Sex trafficking is what we often think of

非法性交易

when we hear the word slavery,

是我們在聽到奴役時最常聯想到的

and because of this worldwide awareness,

因為全球皆知

I was warned that it would be difficult for me to work safely

我曾被警告說，若我堅持拍攝這個行業

within this particular industry.

人身安全將難以得到保障

In Kathmandu, I was escorted by women who had

在加德滿都

previously been sex slaves themselves.

我由一些從前是性奴的女人隨護

They ushered me down a narrow set of stairs

她們帶著我走下一段段狹窄的樓梯

that led to this dirty, dimly fluorescent lit basement.

到了一個骯髒昏暗的地下室

This wasn't a brothel, per se.

這裡本身不是一間妓院

It was more like a restaurant.

它更像是間餐廳

Cabin restaurants, as they're known in the trade,

包廂餐廳在業內被人熟知

are venues for forced prostitution.

是強迫賣淫的場所

Each has small, private rooms, where the slaves,

一個個小隔間裡，性奴們

women, along with young girls and boys,

女人和小孩

some as young as seven years old,

有些只有七歲大

are forced to entertain the clients,

被迫取悅客戶

encouraging them to buy more food and alcohol.

好讓他們消費更多的食物和酒

Each cubicle is dark and dingy,

每個小隔間都很暗很髒

identified with a painted number on the wall,

牆上畫著號碼

and partitioned by plywood and a curtain.

由三夾板和窗簾隔開

The workers here often endure tragic sexual abuse

在這裡工作的人

at the hands of their customers.

通常都要忍受客人們殘忍的性虐待

Standing in the near darkness, I remember feeling

記得當時站在幾乎是一片黑暗當中

this quick, hot fear, and in that instant,

我刹那間感到一陣強烈的恐懼

I could only imagine what it must be like

那一刻我在想

to be trapped in that hell.

被困在這個地獄裡是多麼的恐怖

I had only one way out: the stairs from where I'd come in.

這裡只有一個出口：就是我來時走過的樓梯

There were no back doors.

沒有後門

There were no windows large enough to climb through.

沒有能過人的窗戶

These people have no escape at all,

這些人完全無法逃跑

and as we take in such a difficult subject,

當我們面對如此艱難的課題

it's important to note that slavery, including sex trafficking,

重要的是要知道奴役，包括非法性交易

occurs in our own backyard as well.

在我們的後院裡同樣存在

Tens of hundreds of people are enslaved in agriculture,

幾千人成為農奴

in restaurants, in domestic servitude,

餐館奴工、家庭奴工

and the list can go on.

還不止這些

Recently, the New York Times reported that

最近，紐約時報報導

between 100,000 and 300,000 American children

美國每年有10萬到30萬小孩

are sold into sex slavery every year.

被買賣成為性奴

It's all around us. We just don't see it.

這些事就發生在我們身邊，我們只是不知道罷了

The textile industry is another one we often think of

紡織業

when we hear about slave labor.

也是我們聽到奴役勞動時經常聯想到的

I visited villages in India where entire families were enslaved

我在印度拜訪過一個村子

in the silk trade.

家家戶戶都是絲綢貿易的奴隸

This is a family portrait.

這是一家人的“肖像”

The dyed black hands are the father, while the blue

那雙被染黑了的手屬於這家的父親

and red hands are his sons.

藍色和紅色的手屬於兩個兒子

They mix dye in these big barrels,

他們在大桶裡攪拌染料

and they submerge the silk into the liquid up to their elbows,

然後把絲綢深深地浸進去，直到染料淹到手肘

but the dye is toxic.

這些染料都是有毒的

My interpreter told me their stories.

翻譯告訴我他們的故事

"We have no freedom," they said.

“我們沒有自由”，他們說道

"We hope still, though, that we could leave this house

“可我們還是希望，哪天可以逃離這個屋子

someday and go someplace else

去其他的地方

where we actually get paid for our dyeing."

在那裡工作能拿到報酬”

It's estimated that more than 4,000 children

據估計，有超過4000名兒童

are enslaved on Lake Volta,

在沃爾特湖水庫被奴役

the largest man-made lake in the world.

那裡是世界上最大的人工湖

When we first arrived, I went to have a quick look.

一到那裡，我就去看了個大概

I saw what seemed to be a family fishing on a boat,

我看到似乎是一家人在船上捕魚

two older brothers, some younger kids, makes sense right?

兩個哥哥，幾個小點的孩子，挺像的吧？

Wrong. They were all enslaved.

錯！他們都是奴隸

Children are taken from their families

孩子們從家裡被帶出來

and trafficked and vanished,

被販賣

and they're forced to work endless hours on these boats

被迫在船上無休止的工作

on the lake, even though they do not know how to swim.

他們在湖上工作，甚至還不會游泳

This young child is eight years old.

這個小男孩8歲大

He was trembling when our boat approached,

當我們的船靠近的時候 他在發抖

frightened it would run over his tiny canoe.

他怕我們的船會撞上上他的獨木舟

He was petrified he would be knocked in the water.

他很害怕會掉到水裡

The skeletal tree limbs submerged in Lake Volta

湖面下浸著些樹的枝幹

often catch the fishing nets, and weary,

經常會掛住漁網

frightened children are thrown into the water

這些疲憊、害怕的孩子們就被扔到水中

to untether the lines.

去解開漁網

Many of them drown.

很多人都淹死了

For as long as he can recall, he's been forced to work

從他記事開始

on the lake.

就被迫在湖上工作

Terrified of his master, he will not run away,

他非常害怕主人，不敢逃跑

and since he's been treated with cruelty all his life,

由於他從小就被殘酷對待

he passes that down to the younger slaves

他也用同樣的方法

that he manages.

對待比他小的奴隸

I met these boys at five in the morning,

我在早上五點時看到這些男孩子們

when they were hauling in the last of their nets,

在收最後一個漁網

but they had been working since 1 a.m.

可他們從淩晨1點就開始工作了

in the cold, windy night.

在這樣寒冷，颳風的晚上

And it's important to note that these nets weigh

要知道這些漁網裝滿魚的時候

more than a thousand pounds when they're full of fish.

重量有上千斤啊！

I want to introduce you to Kofi.

我要介紹你們認識Kofi

Kofi was rescued from a fishing village.

他從一個漁村被解救出來

I met him at a shelter where Free the Slaves

見到他是在一個收容所裡

rehabilitates victims of slavery.

Free the Slaves組織用於複元奴役受害者的一個地方

Here he's seen taking a bath at the well,

照片上他正在井邊洗澡

pouring big buckets of water over his head,

把一桶桶水往頭上倒

and the wonderful news is,

好消息是

as you and I are sitting here talking today,

此時此刻

Kofi has been reunited with his family,

Kofi 已經和家人團聚了

and what's even better, his family has been given tools

更讓人欣喜的是，他們一家已能夠自己謀生

to make a living and to keep their children safe.

並確保孩子們的安全

Kofi is the embodiment of possibility.

Kofi 身上體現了一種可能性

Who will he become because someone took a stand

正因為有人表明了立場，影響了他的人生

and made a difference in his life?

他的未來才可能有所改變

Driving down a road in Ghana

開車行駛在加納的一條路上

with partners of Free the Slaves,

與Free the Slaves的夥伴一起

a fellow abolitionist on a moped suddenly sped up

一個騎著電單車的同行人突然加速

to our cruiser and tapped on the window.

靠近我們的車，敲著車窗

He told us to follow him down a dirt road into the jungle.

他讓我們跟他改走一條土路通向叢林

At the end of the road, he urged us out of the car,

在路的盡頭，他催促我們下車

and told the driver to quickly leave.

讓司機趕緊走

Then he pointed toward this barely visible footpath,

然後他指著地上一排很不明顯的腳印說

and said, "This is the path, this is the path. Go."

“就是這裡，就是這條路。走！”

As we started down the path, we pushed aside the vines

我們撥開擋路的藤蔓

blocking the way, and after about an hour of walking in,

徒步走了約一個小時

found that the trail had become flooded by recent rains,

小徑被近期的雨水淹沒了

so I hoisted the photo gear above my head

我把拍攝器材舉過頭頂

as we descended into these waters up to my chest.

趟著齊胸口深的水繼續走

After another two hours of hiking, the winding trail

又走了兩個小時

abruptly ended at a clearing, and before us

蜿蜒的小徑戛然而止

was a mass of holes

我們面前的空地上出現了一大片坑洞

that could fit into the size of a football field,

每個都有一個橄欖球場那麼大

and all of them were full of enslaved people laboring.

每個坑洞裡都有奴隸在工作

Many women had children strapped to their backs

很多婦女還背著自己的小孩

while they were panning for gold,

他們在淘金

wading in water poisoned by mercury.

在被汞污染的髒水裡行走

Mercury is used in the extraction process.

汞是用來提取金子的

These miners are enslaved in a mine shaft

這些人被奴役

in another part of Ghana.

在加納的另一處礦井裡

When they came out of the shaft, they were soaking wet

當他們走出礦井時

from their own sweat.

全身汗濕

I remember looking into their tired, bloodshot eyes,

我記得他們佈滿紅血絲的眼睛裡充滿疲憊

for many of them had been underground for 72 hours.

其中很多人已在井下工作72個小時

The shafts are up to 300 feet deep, and they carry out

這些井有差不多有90多米深

heavy bags of stone that later will be transported

他們抬出來裝滿重石的袋子

to another area, where the stone will be pounded

這些石頭被運送到另外一個區域被搗碎

so that they can extract the gold.

以便提取金子

At first glance, the pounding site seems full

乍看之下，砸石場的男人個個健壯

of powerful men, but when we look closer,

但我們湊近了卻發現

we see some less fortunate working on the fringes,

一些在邊緣地帶的工人身有殘疾

and children too.

還有一些小孩

All of them are victim to injury, illness and violence.

他們都是傷病暴力的受害者

In fact, it's very likely that this muscular person

事實上，這些肌肉強健的男人

will end up like this one here, racked with tuberculosis

若干年後很有可能會跟這個人一樣

and mercury poisoning in just a few years.

被汞中毒和肺結核苦苦折磨

This is Manuru. When his father died,

這是Manuru。當他父親死的時候

his uncle trafficked him to work with him in the mines.

他的叔叔把他賣到自己在工作的這個礦場

When his uncle died, Manuru inherited his uncle's debt,

在他叔叔死後，Manuru要繼續背負他叔叔的欠債

which further forced him into being enslaved in the mines.

他被迫繼續在礦場工作

When I met him, he had been working in the mines

我見到他時，他已在礦場工作了14年

for 14 years, and the leg injury that you see here

照片中看到的這個腿傷

is actually from a mining accident,

是在一次鑿礦意外中造成的

one so severe doctors say his leg should be amputated.

當時情況危急，醫生說要截肢

On top of that, Manuru has tuberculosis,

除了這個傷以外 他還患有肺結核

yet he's still forced to work day in and day out

即使這樣，他也必須每天

in that mine shaft.

在井下沒日沒夜的工作

Even still, he has a dream that he will become free

即使如此，他也夢想著能夠重獲自由

and become educated with the help of local activists

在Free the Slaves這樣的組織幫助下

like Free the Slaves,

接受教育

and it's this sort of determination,

就是這樣的信念

in the face of unimaginable odds,

來面對令人難以想像的苦難

that fills me with complete awe.

讓我充滿敬畏

I want to shine a light on slavery.

我希望我們給這些被奴隸的人一道光

When I was working in the field,

在拍攝的途中

I brought lots of candles with me,

我帶了很多蠟燭

and with the help of my interpreter,

在翻譯的幫助下

I imparted to the people I was photographing

我把蠟燭分給了我的拍攝對象

that I wanted to illuminate their stories

我希望能點亮他們的故事

and their plight,

和他們的困境

so when it was safe for them, and safe for me,

當我們都安全的時候

I made these images.

我拍了這一系列的照片

They knew their image would be seen

他們知道這些影像

by you out in the world.

會被外面的人看見

I wanted them to know that we will be bearing witness

我想要讓他們知道，我們將為他們作證

to them, and that we will do whatever we can

盡我們所能

to help make a difference in their lives.

讓他們的人生有所改變

I truly believe, if we can see one another

我確實相信

as fellow human beings, then it becomes very difficult

當我們把他們當做同胞

to tolerate atrocities like slavery.

就會很難容忍奴役這樣的暴行

These images are not of issues. They are of people,

這些影像非關於議題，而是關於人

real people, like you and me, all deserving

真實的人，和你我一樣

of the same rights, dignity and respect

都值得在生命裡

in their lives.

獲得一樣的權利、尊嚴和尊重

There is not a day that goes by that I don't think

我沒有一天不想

of these many beautiful, mistreated people

這些美麗、但卻受到不公正待遇的人們

I've had the tremendous honor of meeting.

這些我三生有幸能夠遇見的人們

I hope that these images awaken a force

我希望這些影像

in those who view them, people like you,

能夠在你們這樣的觀者心中喚起一股力量

and I hope that force will ignite a fire,

我希望這股力量的星星之火

and that fire will shine a light on slavery,

能夠成為被奴役者的希望之光

for without that light, the beast of bondage

因為若沒有這光亮

can continue to live in the shadows.

奴役之獸將繼續活在陰影裡

Thank you very much.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）