Juliana Machado Ferreira: The fight to end rare-animal trafficking in Brazil

24,913 views ・ 2010-03-23

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翻译人员: sun ruyu 校对人员: Chaoran Yu
00:15
Illegal wildlife trade in Brazil
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非法野生动物买卖
00:19
is one of the major threats against our fauna,
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是危害巴西动物的主要威胁,
00:22
especially birds,
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尤其是鸟类的买卖,
00:24
and mainly to supply the pet market
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它主要供应给宠物市场。
00:27
with thousands of animals taken from nature every month,
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每个月都有上千的动物从大自然中被掠走,
00:31
and transported far from their origins,
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然后被卖到远离故栖的地方,
00:34
to be sold mainly in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
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它们主要被卖至里约热内卢和圣保罗。
00:38
It is estimated that
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据估计
00:40
all kinds of illegal wildlife trade in Brazil
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巴西的各种非法野生动物买卖
00:43
withdraw from nature
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每年会从大自然中掠走
00:45
almost 38 million animals every year,
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大约3千8百万只动物,
00:49
a business worth almost two billion dollars.
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总价值在20亿美元左右。
00:53
The police intercepts
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警察拦截住
00:55
these huge cargos with live animals,
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那些装着活生生动物的货物
00:58
intended to supply the pet market,
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那些货物本是用于供应宠物市场的
01:01
or they seize the animals directly from the people's houses,
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或是直接从那些人家里把动物救出来。
01:05
and this is how we end up, every month,
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我们就是这样每个月
01:08
with thousands of seized animals.
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拯救成千的被抓走的动物。
01:12
And for us to understand what happens with them,
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对于发生在动物身上的事,我们可以
01:14
we're going to follow Brad.
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跟着Brad来理解。
01:18
In the eyes of many people,
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在许多人的眼里,
01:20
after the animals are seized,
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在动物被救走后,
01:22
they say, "Yay, justice has been served.
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他们会说,“耶,正义得到了声张。
01:25
The good guys arrived,
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(他们认为)会有好心人
01:27
took the cute, mistreated animals
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带走这些可爱的,受到不公待遇的动物
01:29
from the hands of the evil traffickers,
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从那些罪恶的走私者手中拯救了它们
01:31
and everyone lived happily ever after."
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之后大家都幸福的生活着。"
01:36
But did they? Actually, no,
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但是事实呢? 其实不是这样的。
01:38
and this is where many of our problems begin.
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这其实是许多问题的开端。
01:41
Because we have to figure out
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因为我们必须要知道
01:43
what to do with all these animals.
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要怎么处理这些动物
01:46
In Brazil, they are usually first sent
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在巴西,它们通常是最先运给
01:48
to governmental triage facilities,
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政府的分类设施中心的,
01:51
in which most of the cases,
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在大部分的情况下,
01:53
the conditions are as bad as
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在分类设施中心中的处境
01:55
with the traffickers.
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与在走私者处一样糟糕。
01:57
In 2002, these centers received
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在2002年,这些中心收到了
02:00
45,000 animals,
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45000只动物。
02:03
of which 37,000 were birds.
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其中,有37000只是鸟类。
02:06
And the police estimates that we seize
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据估计,警察们拯救了
02:08
only five percent of what's being trafficked.
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被走私鸟类总额的5%。
02:12
Some lucky ones -- and among them, Brad --
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它们中有以一些幸运儿,比如Brad
02:15
go to serious rehabilitation centers after that.
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在获救后去了康复中心
02:18
And in these places they are cared for.
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在那里,它们受到了精心照顾。
02:22
They train their flying,
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它们被训练如何飞行。
02:24
they learn how to recognize the food they will find in nature,
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学习如何在大自然中识别食物。
02:27
and they are able to socialize
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另外,它们也学着社交,
02:29
with others from the same species.
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与同一类的其它个体进行交往。
02:31
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
02:33
But then what?
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但是后来呢?
02:35
The Brazil Ornithological Society --
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巴西野鸟协会,
02:37
so now we're talking only birds --
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因为我们现在仅是在讲鸟,
02:40
claims that we have too little knowledge
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这一学会说我们知道的知识太少
02:43
about the species in nature.
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对于这些自然的物种我们知道的太少。
02:45
Therefore, it would be too risky
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因此,如果放走这些动物的话
02:47
to release these animals,
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会太冒险,
02:49
both for the released and for the natural populations.
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对于被放走的鸟和自然中本身的鸟都太冒险。
02:53
They also claim that we spend too many resources
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这一学会也说,我们浪费了太多的资源
02:56
in their rehabilitation.
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在它们的康复上。
02:58
Following this argument,
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针对这一说法,
03:00
they suggest that all the birds
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他们认为全部鸟类
03:02
seized from non-threatened species
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获救后,如果是来自非受威胁的种类
03:05
should be euthanized.
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应被执行安乐死。
03:07
However, this would mean having killed
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但是,这就意味着
03:11
26,267 birds,
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26267只鸟将会死亡,
03:15
only in the state of São Paulo, only in 2006.
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这仅在2006年的圣保罗。
03:20
But, some researchers, myself included --
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但是,一些学术研究者,包括我自己,
03:24
some NGOs and some people from the Brazilian government --
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还有一些非政府组织和一些来自巴西政府的人
03:28
believe there is an alternative.
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都相信还有别的办法。
03:30
We think that if and when the animals meet
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我们认为,如果当动物们符合
03:34
certain criteria concerning their health,
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一些健康标准,
03:37
behavior, inferred origin
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行为,推测出的出生地,
03:39
and whatever we know about the natural populations,
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以及任何我们所知的关于自然中的动物的标准时,
03:43
then technically responsible releases are possible,
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技术上来说,将它们负责的释放是可能的。
03:47
both for the well-being of the individual,
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不仅是对于个体的幸福安康,
03:50
and for the conservation of the species and their ecosystems,
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也是对物种和生态系统的保护。
03:54
because we will be returning genes for these populations --
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因为我们将这些物种的血统保留下来了,
03:58
which could be important for them
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这对于它们来说十分重要,
04:00
in facing environmental challenges --
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尤其在面临环境方面的挑战时。
04:03
and also we could be returning
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同时我们也会
04:05
potential seed dispersers, predators, preys, etc.
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将潜在的种子传播者,掠夺者,掠夺品等都放回自然。
04:11
All of these were released by us.
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这些都是我们释放(到大自然)的动物。
04:13
On the top, the turtles are just enjoying freedom.
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最上面,乌龟正享受着自由。
04:15
(Laughter)
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中间的照片是一只鸟,
04:17
On the middle,
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在释放后的几周,这只鸟就筑好了巢。
04:19
this guy nested a couple of weeks after the release.
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最底下是我最喜欢的动物,
04:22
And on the bottom, my personal favorite,
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这只雄鸟,
04:25
the little male over there,
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于他释放后的4小时
04:27
four hours after his release
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就找到了一个雌性伴侣。
04:29
he was together with a wild female.
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所以,这已经不是新鲜事了,
04:33
So, this is not new, people have been
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全世界的人都在这么做。
04:35
doing this around the world.
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但在巴西,这仍是一件大事。
04:37
But it's still a big issue in Brazil.
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我们认为,我们采取了
04:39
We believe we have performed
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负责的释放。
04:41
responsible releases.
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我们记录下了那些被我们释放且于自然中进行交配的动物,
04:43
We've registered released animals mating in nature
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它们都有了小雏鸟。
04:47
and having chicks.
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所以,这些动物的确是要回到自然中去的。
04:49
So, these genes are indeed going back to the populations.
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尽管这仅仅还是少数
04:54
However this is still a minority
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因为我们在这方面的知识太少。
04:56
for the very lack of knowledge.
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所以,让我们多学一点,让我们多关注这件事情。
04:59
So, I say, "Let's study more, let's shed light on this issue,
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让我们尽我们所能。
05:02
let's do whatever we can."
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我正在以此作为我的事业。
05:04
I'm devoting my career to that.
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我在这你呼吁在座的每一位
05:06
And I'm here to urge each and every one of you
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都要尽你们所能,
05:09
to do whatever is in your reach:
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告诉你们的邻居,教育你们的小孩,
05:11
Talk to your neighbor, teach your children,
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确保你们的宠物来自合法途径。
05:14
make sure your pet is from a legal breeder.
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我们要行动起来,现在就要开始行动,
05:17
We need to act, and act now,
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在这些动物灭绝之前。
05:20
before these ones are the only ones left.
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非常感谢.
05:23
Thank you very much.
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(掌声)
05:25
(Applause)
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