Juliana Machado Ferreira: The fight to end rare-animal trafficking in Brazil

譯者: Jing Yao 審譯者: Bill Hsiung

Illegal wildlife trade in Brazil

在巴西的非法野生動物交易

is one of the major threats against our fauna,

是動物界的主要威脅之一，

especially birds,

尤其是鳥類，

and mainly to supply the pet market

主要用來供應寵物市場。

with thousands of animals taken from nature every month,

每個月都有上千隻動物從大自然中被盜捕，

and transported far from their origins,

然後被運到遠離原生地的地區，

to be sold mainly in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.

主要是販賣到里約熱內盧還有聖保羅。

It is estimated that

據估計，

all kinds of illegal wildlife trade in Brazil

在巴西，每年將近有三千八百萬隻的野生動物

withdraw from nature

被盜捕

almost 38 million animals every year,

並非法販售，

a business worth almost two billion dollars.

市價高達 20 億美金。

The police intercepts

警方攔截下

these huge cargos with live animals,

這些裝有野生動物的大貨櫃，

intended to supply the pet market,

牠們原本是要用來供應寵物市場的，

or they seize the animals directly from the people's houses,

警方也會直接從這些人的家中帶回走私動物。

and this is how we end up, every month,

這就是我們每個月都要面對的狀況，

with thousands of seized animals.

上千隻被收容的動物。

And for us to understand what happens with them,

為了讓我們更了解在這些動物身上發生的事，

we're going to follow Brad.

我們將跟著布萊德看下去。

In the eyes of many people,

在許多人眼裡，

after the animals are seized,

動物被收容後，

they say, "Yay, justice has been served.

他們會說「太好了！正義得以伸張！

The good guys arrived,

英雄抵達，

took the cute, mistreated animals

將這些被虐待的可愛動物

from the hands of the evil traffickers,

從邪惡的盜補者手中帶走，

and everyone lived happily ever after."

從此動物們就過著幸福快樂的生活。」

But did they? Actually, no,

但真是如此嗎？事實上並非如此。

and this is where many of our problems begin.

這反而是我們所面臨到的許多問題的開端，

Because we have to figure out

因為我們必須找出

what to do with all these animals.

處置這些動物的方法。

In Brazil, they are usually first sent

在巴西當地，

to governmental triage facilities,

動物通常會被送到政府設的醫療機構，

in which most of the cases,

而在這裡，大部分動物所面臨的狀況

the conditions are as bad as

就跟在盜賣者手中的狀況

with the traffickers.

一樣糟糕。

In 2002, these centers received

這些機構在 2002 年接收了

45,000 animals,

四萬五千隻動物，

of which 37,000 were birds.

其中有三萬七千隻是鳥類。

And the police estimates that we seize

警方估計我們所救獲的數量

only five percent of what's being trafficked.

只是被盜賣的百分之五。

Some lucky ones -- and among them, Brad --

其中有些較幸運的動物，像是布萊德，

go to serious rehabilitation centers after that.

獲救之後被送到了較好的療養機構。

And in these places they are cared for.

牠們在這些地方會被細心看護。

They train their flying,

人們訓練牠們飛行，

they learn how to recognize the food they will find in nature,

牠們也在這邊學會辨認能再大自然中取得的食物

and they are able to socialize

牠們還能夠與其他同類

with others from the same species.

進行社交行為。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But then what?

但接下來呢?

The Brazil Ornithological Society --

巴西的鳥類協會，

so now we're talking only birds --

我們現在只有針對鳥類在討論，

claims that we have too little knowledge

聲稱我們對於這些在大自然的物種

about the species in nature.

瞭解太少。

Therefore, it would be too risky

因此，若將這些鳥類野放，

to release these animals,

是相當冒險的，

both for the released and for the natural populations.

不論是對被野放的鳥或在大自然中的原有族群。

They also claim that we spend too many resources

他們也聲稱我們耗費太多資源

in their rehabilitation.

在這些鳥類的療養復健上。

Following this argument,

基於這個論點，

they suggest that all the birds

他們建議將所有救回

seized from non-threatened species

但未瀕臨絕種的鳥類

should be euthanized.

安樂死。

However, this would mean having killed

然而，這意味著要殺掉

26,267 birds,

26,267 隻鳥，

only in the state of São Paulo, only in 2006.

這只是單單在 2006 年的聖保羅。

But, some researchers, myself included --

但有些研究者，包含我在內，

some NGOs and some people from the Brazilian government --

一些非政府組織，還有來自巴西政府的一些人，

believe there is an alternative.

都深信還有一個選擇。

We think that if and when the animals meet

我們認為，當這些動物符合

certain criteria concerning their health,

某些健康上，行為上的標準，

behavior, inferred origin

推斷出其來源地，

and whatever we know about the natural populations,

以及我們對該物種野生族群所知的事物，

then technically responsible releases are possible,

那麼就技術面上來說，負責任的野放是有可能的。

both for the well-being of the individual,

不僅是為了個體的生存，

and for the conservation of the species and their ecosystems,

也為了該物種和生態系統的保育。

because we will be returning genes for these populations --

因為我們將歸還基因到野生族群中，

which could be important for them

這對牠們可能是相當重要的，

in facing environmental challenges --

尤其當面臨到環境變遷時。

and also we could be returning

我們可能也同時保留了

potential seed dispersers, predators, preys, etc.

潛在的種子傳播者，狩獵者或獵物等等。

All of these were released by us.

這些都是由我們所完成的。

On the top, the turtles are just enjoying freedom.

在上方，你可以看到烏龜正享受著自由。

(Laughter)

在中間，

On the middle,

這傢伙在野放後幾個星期就築了一個巢。

this guy nested a couple of weeks after the release.

下方則是我個人的最愛，

And on the bottom, my personal favorite,

在那邊的雄鳥，

the little male over there,

在野放後四個小時，

four hours after his release

已跟另一隻雌鳥在一起。

he was together with a wild female.

這不是新鮮事，

So, this is not new, people have been

全世界的人都正做著這樣的事情，

doing this around the world.

但在巴西，這仍極具爭議性。

But it's still a big issue in Brazil.

我們相信我們已做到了

We believe we have performed

負責任的野放。

responsible releases.

我們記錄到野放的鳥類在野外配對成功

We've registered released animals mating in nature

並養育幼鳥。

and having chicks.

所以，這些基因真的有回歸到原有的族群中。

So, these genes are indeed going back to the populations.

然而這仍是極少數的案例，

However this is still a minority

因為我們在這方面的知識仍然不足。

for the very lack of knowledge.

所以我說，讓我們更進一步地研究，讓我們一起多關注這個議題，

So, I say, "Let's study more, let's shed light on this issue,

讓我們一起竭盡所能地努力。

let's do whatever we can."

我將我的事業貢獻在這方面。

I'm devoting my career to that.

而我今天在這裡，要呼籲你們之中的每一個人

And I'm here to urge each and every one of you

去做你能力所及的任何事，

to do whatever is in your reach:

告訴你的鄰居，教導你的小孩，

Talk to your neighbor, teach your children,

確認你的寵物是來自合法的飼育者。

make sure your pet is from a legal breeder.

我們需要行動，現在就馬上行動！

We need to act, and act now,

在這些物種消逝前！

before these ones are the only ones left.

謝謝！

Thank you very much.

（掌聲）

(Applause)