Jimmy Carter: Why I believe the mistreatment of women is the number one human rights abuse

翻译人员: Chan Yang 校对人员: Alan Qin

As a matter of fact,

其实说起来吧，

I was trying to think about my career since I left the White House,

自从离开白宫之后我就一直在回忆自己的职业生涯，

and the best example I have is a cartoon in The New Yorker a couple of years ago.

而我所能想到最有代表性的一个例子便是我几年前在纽约客上看到的一则漫画。

This little boy is looking up at his father,

有小男孩抬头看着他的爸爸，

and he says, "Daddy, when I grow up, I want to be a former president."

然后说道：“爸爸，等我长大了，我想成为一位前总统。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Well, I have had a great blessing as a former president,

好吧，作为一个前总统，我很有福气，

because I have had an access

因为我有些资源

that very few other people in the world have ever had

一些很少有人可以得到的资源

to get to know so many people around this whole universe.

它让我有机会去认识这个宇宙中很多形形色色的人们。

Not only am I familiar with the 50 states in the United States,

我不仅仅只对美利坚合众国的50个州了如指掌，

but also my wife and I have visited more than 145 countries in the world,

我和我的妻子还游历过世界上超过145个国家和地区，

and the Carter Center has had full-time programs in 80 nations on Earth.

并且卡特中心在全球近80个国家都设立了自己的全职机构与项目。

And a lot of times, when we go into a country,

很多时候，当我们拜访一个国家的时候，

we not only the meet the king or the president,

我们不光会见到那个国家的国王或者总统，

but we also meet the villagers who live in the most remote areas of Africa.

我们也会见到那些生活在一些非洲国家最为偏远地区的村民们。

So our overall commitment at the Carter Center

所以总体来说卡特中心的宗旨

is to promote human rights,

就是去促进人权平等，

and knowing the world as I do, I can tell you without any equivocation

而根据我对于这个世界的了解，我可以毫不犹豫地告诉你

that the number one abuse of human rights on Earth

这个地球上人权最不受保护的群体

is, strangely, not addressed quite often, is the abuse of women and girls.

虽然很多人不曾在意，恰恰就是那些妇女和少女们。

(Applause)

（掌声）

There are a couple of reasons for this that I'll mention to begin with.

那我就先说说导致这一现象的几个主要原因吧。

First of all is the misinterpretation of religious scriptures, holy scriptures,

首先便是人们对于宗教经文的误解，那些神圣的经典，

in the Bible, Old Testament, New Testament, Quran and so forth,

如圣经，旧约，新约，古兰经等等，

and these have been misinterpreted by men who are now in the ascendant positions

这些经典被当今占据着主导地位的男性们曲解

in the synagogues and the churches and in the mosques.

无论这些误解是发生在犹太教堂，天主教堂亦或是清真寺中。

And they interpret these rules to make sure that women

他们诠释这些教条以确保女性们

are ordinarily relegated to a secondary position

会被降到一个二等的社会地位上

compared to men in the eyes of God.

至少在上帝眼中与男性比起来是这样的。

This is a very serious problem. It's ordinarily not addressed.

这是一个很严肃的问题。可是这个问题却没有得到应有的重视。

A number of years ago, in the year 2000,

几年前，应该是2000年的时候，

I had been a Baptist, a Southern Baptist for 70 years --

我已经做了70年的浸礼会教友，一个南方浸礼会教友——

I tell you, I still teach Sunday school every Sunday;

我这么和你说吧，我到现在每周日还会去主日学校教书；

I'll be teaching this Sunday as well --

我这周日也会去教——

but the Southern Baptist Convention in the year 2000 decided

但是南方浸礼会委员会于2000年决定

that women should play a secondary position,

女性只能诠释一个二等的角色与地位，

a subservient position to men.

一个顺从于男性的角色。

So they issued an edict, in effect,

所以他们出台并生效了一条法令，

that prevents women from being priests, pastors, deacons in the church,

阻止女性在天主教堂中成为祭司，牧师和辅祭，

or chaplains in the military,

或在军队中成为行军牧师，

and if a woman teaches a classroom

并且就算一位女性要为一个班级提供教育

in a Southern Baptist seminary,

那么在一个南方浸礼会神学院中

they cannot teach if a boy is in the room,

只要班里有男生那么这位女性就不能担任这个班的教师，

because you can find verses in the Bible,

因为在圣经中找到相关的教条，

there's over 30,000 verses in the Bible,

在圣经中有超过30，000行的经文，

that say that a woman shouldn't teach a man, and so forth.

告诫人们一个女人是不可以教育一个男人的，等等等等。

But the basic thing is the scriptures are misinterpreted

但是这些经文都被曲解了

to keep men in an ascendant position.

仅仅只是为了保证男性可以占据主导地位。

That is an all-pervasive problem,

这是一个随处可见的问题，

because men can exert that power

因为男性可以行使这种权利

and if an abusive husband or an employer, for instance, wants to cheat women,

比如说，如果一个滥用这种权利的丈夫或者男性雇主，想要欺骗一个女人，

they can say that if women are not equal in the eyes of God,

他们可以说如果在上帝眼中男女本是不平等的，

why should I treat them as equals myself?

那我们又为什么要平等地对待女性呢？

Why should I pay them equal pay for doing the same kind of work?

就算她们和我们做着一样的工作我又为什么要付一样的薪水？

The other very serious blight

另一个十分严肃的困境

that causes this problem is the excessive resort to violence,

便是过渡诉诸于暴力所导致的问题，

and that is increasing tremendously around the world.

而这个问题在全世界正以惊人的速度的增长。

In the United States of America, for instance, we have had

以美利坚合众国为例，我们看到了

an enormous increase in abuse of poor people,

对于那些穷人不断加剧的虐待，

mostly black people and minorities, by putting them in prison.

比如把大量的黑人和其他少数群体关进监狱。

When I was in office as governor of Georgia,

当我还在乔治亚州政厅里担任州长一职时，

one out of every 1,000 Americans were in prison.

每1，000个美国公民中就有一个被关在监狱里。

Nowadays, 7.3 people per 1,000 are in prison.

如今，每1，000人中就有7.3人被关在监狱里。

That's a sevenfold increase.

这个数据增长了7倍多。

And since I left the White House,

并且自从我离开白宫，

there's been an 800 percent increase in the number of women

那些被关在监狱里的黑人女性的数量，

who are black who are in prison.

增长了百分之800.

We also have [one of the only countries] on Earth

而在地球上为数不多的几个国家还保有死刑，

that still has the death penalty that is a developed country.

作为发达国家的美国也是其中之一。

And we rank right alongside the countries that are most abusive

我们因为鼓励死刑

in all elements of human rights in encouraging the death penalty.

所以经常与最肆意践踏人权的国家被一并提起

We're in California now, and I figured out the other day

我们现在身在加州，而我前几天刚刚发现，

that California has spent four billion dollars

加州花了四十亿美元

in convicting 13 people for the death penalty.

来判决13个死刑犯。

If you add that up, that's 307 million dollars it costs California

如果你自己算一下，那么加州政府平均花了3亿7百万美元

to send a person to be executed.

来处决一个人。

Nebraska this week just passed a law abolishing the death penalty,

内布拉斯加本周刚刚通过了死刑废除法案，

because it costs so much. (Applause)

因为这实在是花销太大了。（掌声）

So the resort to violence and abuse of poor people and helpless people

所以诉诸于对那些贫穷无助的人的虐待与暴力行为

is another cause of the increase in abuse of women.

是导致更多女性受到虐待另一个原因。

Let me just go down a very few abuses of women that concern me most,

让我就来举几个最让我担忧的女性受到虐待的案例吧，

and I'll be fairly brief, because I have a limited amount of time, as you know.

当然我会尽可能简短一些，正如你所知，时间有限。

One is genital mutilation.

首先便是生殖器切割。

Genital mutilation is horrible and not known by American women,

生殖器切割很恐怖，尽管美国女性们可能对之并不了解，

but in some countries, many countries,

但是在很多别的国家，

when a child is born that's a girl, very soon in her life,

当一个新生儿被确定为女性之后，

her genitals are completely cut away by a so-called cutter

很快就会出现一个所谓的切割者把她的生殖器割下来

who has a razor blade and, in a non-sterilized way,

而且就是用一把剃刀在一个很不卫生的环境下进行手术,

they remove the exterior parts of a woman's genitalia.

他们以此切除了女性生殖器的外阴部分。

And sometimes, in more extreme cases but not very rare cases,

而且有时候，在更加极端但却不是很少见的情况下，

they sew the orifice up so the girl can just urinate or menstruate.

他们会把女孩的阴道口缝起来以致于她只能排尿与排经。

And then later, when she gets married, the same cutter goes in

当那个女孩结婚以后，那个切割者又会回来

and opens the orifice up so she can have sex.

把那个口重新打开她才可以有正常的性行为。

This is not a rare thing, although it's against the law in most countries.

尽管这样的行为在很多国家都是违法的，但是它并不是偶发事件

In Egypt, for instance,

比如说，在埃及，

91 percent of all the females that live in Egypt today

如今在埃及 91%的女性

have been sexually mutilated in that way.

都曾以这种方式切割过生殖器。

In some countries, it's more than 98 percent

在一些国家，有超过98％的

of the women are cut that way before they reach maturity.

女性在她们性成熟之前被这样切割过。

This is a horrible affliction

这对于生活在那些国家的所有女性来说

on all women that live in those countries.

是一种痛苦的折磨。

Another very serious thing is honor killings,

另外一件非常严肃的事便是所谓的名誉屠杀，

where a family with misinterpretation, again, of a holy scripture --

这其实也是一个家庭，对于那些宗教经典的又一次误读——

there's nothing in the Quran that mandates this --

古兰经里没有任何一条规定——

will execute a girl in their family

一个女孩可以在自己的家里被处决

if she is raped

假如她被强暴

or if she marries a man that her father does not approve,

或者她和一个她父亲不认可的男人结婚，

or sometimes even if she wears inappropriate clothing.

或者有时候仅仅只是因为她着装不得体。

And this is done by members of her own family,

而这些杀戮都是由她的亲人来完成，

so the family becomes murderers

当这个女孩做了所谓的给她家庭抹黑的行为的时候

when the girl brings so-called disgrace to the family.

她的家人便会结束她的生命。

An analysis was done in Egypt not so long ago by the United Nations

不久前联合国在埃及地区做了一个分析调查

and it showed that 75 percent of these murders of a girl

报告表明这些被谋杀的女孩有75%

are perpetrated by the father, the uncle or the brother,

是被她们的父亲，叔叔或者兄弟杀害的，

but 25 percent of the murders are conducted by women.

而另外25%的谋杀则是别的女性动手的。

Another problem that we have in the world

我们如今所处的世界的另一个问题

that relates to women particularly is slavery,

特别是和女性有关的便是奴隶制，

or human trafficking it's called nowadays.

或者用现在的术语来讲就是所谓的人口贩卖。

There were about 12.5 million people sold from Africa into slavery

在所谓新世界的18到19世纪之间。

in the New World back in the 19th century and the 18th century.

非洲输出了1250万的奴隶

There are 30 million people now living in slavery.

现在全球有3000万人生活在奴隶制中。

The United States Department of State now has a mandate from Congress

现在美国国务院已经得到了国会的授权

to give a report every year,

将会每年发布报告，

and the State Department reports that 800,000 people are sold

而国务院如今的报告称每年有80，000人

across international borders every year into slavery,

被卖过国境 成为奴隶

and that 80 percent of those sold are women,

而这之中有80%是女性，

into sexual slavery.

最终沦落为性奴。

In the United States right this moment,

此时此刻的美国，

60,000 people are living in human bondage, or slavery.

有60，000人是被枷锁束缚或者是以奴隶的身份存活的。

Atlanta, Georgia, where the Carter Center is located

在亚特兰大，乔治亚那些卡特中心办事处的所在地

and where I teach at Emory University,

以及我曾经教过书的埃默里大学地区，

they have between 200 and 300 women, people sold into slavery every month.

每个月有200到300名女性被当作奴隶买卖。

It's the number one place in the nation because of that.

因此这些地方（奴隶数）也是在全国排名第一的。

Atlanta has the busiest airport in the world,

亚特兰大有世界上最繁忙的机场。

and they also have a lot of passengers that come from the Southern Hemisphere.

这些机场会接待很多从南半球飞来此地的旅客。

If a brothel owner

如果一个妓院老板

wants to buy a girl that has brown or black skin,

想要买入一个棕色或者黑色皮肤的女孩，

they can do it for 1,000 dollars.

他们只需花去1，000美元。

A white-skinned girl brings several times more than that,

一个白人女孩可能值这个价钱的几倍，

and the average brothel owner in Atlanta and in the United States now

而平均下来一个在亚特兰大或者说在美国任意地点的妓院老板

can earn about $35,000 per slave.

可以从每个奴隶身上榨取35，000美元的利益。

The sex trade in Atlanta, Georgia, exceeds the total drug trade in Atlanta, Georgia.

在亚特兰大，乔治亚州，性交易已经超过了这两个州的毒品交易总额

So this is another very serious problem, and the basic problem is prostitution,

所以这又是一个很严重的问题，而这之中最基本的问题便是卖淫，

because there's not a whorehouse in America

因为在美国没有一个妓院

that's not known by the local officials,

是不被当地的官员，

the local policemen, or the chief of police or the mayor and so forth.

当地的警员，警官或者是市长等人所熟知的。

And this leads to one of the worst problems,

这便带来了最严重的问题之一，

and that is that women are bought increasingly and put into sexual slavery

越来越多的女性被买卖成为性奴

in all countries in the world.

而这在全世界的各个国家都有发生。

Sweden has got a good approach to it.

瑞典对此便有一个很好的对策。

About 15 to 20 years ago, Sweden decided to change the law,

15到20年前，瑞典人决定修改法律条例，

and women are no longer prosecuted

以性奴的身份被逼卖淫的女性将不会被起诉

if they are in sexual slavery,

but the brothel owners and the pimps and the male customers are prosecuted,

而那些妓院的拥有者和拉皮条的以及男性顾客则将被起诉，

and -- (Applause) -- prostitution has gone down.

并且——（掌声）——卖淫的犯罪率因此下降了。

In the United States, we take just the opposite position.

然而在美国我们却站在了完全相反的立场。

For every male arrested for illegal sex trade,

当一位男性因为非法性交易而被捕的同时，

25 women are arrested in the United States of America.

在美国就有25名女性因卖淫被捕。

Canada, Ireland, I've already said Sweden,

加拿大，爱尔兰，还有我刚刚说过的瑞典，

France, and other countries are moving now towards this so-called Swedish model.

法国以及很多其他的国家正在逐步向所谓的“瑞典方案”靠拢。

That's another thing that can be done.

这是另一件人们可以做的事。

We have two great institutions in this country that all of us admire:

在这个国家我们有两个使我们自豪的机构：

our military and our great university system.

我们的军队和我们完善的大学系统。

In the military, they are now analyzing how many sexual assaults take place.

有人正在纪录分析在军队里性侵发生的数量。

The last report I got, there were 26,000 sexual assaults

我上次接到的报告称，总共有26，000起性侵

that took place in the military --

在军队里发生——

26,000.

26，000起。

Only 3,000, not much more than 1 percent, are actually prosecuted,

只有3，000起，不超过总数的1%，最终是被起诉的，

and the reason is that the commanding officer of any organization --

这是因为任何一个组织的领导官兵，

a ship like my submarine, or a battalion in the Army

如以我的名字命名的潜水艇或者陆军中的一个营

or a company in the Marines --

或者海军陆战队中的一个排——

the commanding officer has the right under law to decide

指挥官兵在法律上来说有权力决定

whether to prosecute a rapist or not,

要不要起诉一个强奸犯，

and of course, the last thing they want is for anybody to know

而他们当然最不想让别人知道的事

that under their command, sexual assaults are taking place,

便是在他们的领导下有强奸案发生，

so they do not do it.

所以他们决定不起诉强奸犯。

That law needs to be changed.

这样的法律需要改变。

About one out of four girls who enter American universities

每四个入读美国大学的女孩中就有一个

will be sexually assaulted before she graduates,

在她毕业之前会遭受性侵犯，

and this is now getting a lot of publicity,

这一现象如今得到了公众越来越多的关注，

partially because of my book, but other things,

一部分原因是我的书，但也有别的原因，

and so 89 universities in America are now condemned

美国境内现在有89所大学

正被教育部以教育修正案第九条法规谴责

by the Department of Education under Title IX

because the officials of the universities are not taking care of the women

因为这些大学的官员没有照顾好那些女性

to protect them from sexual assault.

使她们远离性侵犯。

The Department of Justice says that more than half of the rapes

司法部称超过一半的校园强奸案

on a college campus take place by serial rapists,

是由连环强奸犯实施的，

because outside of the university system,

因为在大学的系统以外，

if they rape somebody, they'll be prosecuted,

如果他们强奸某人，他们便会被起诉，

but when they get on a university campus, they can rape with impunity.

然而当他们在大学校园里犯案时，他们可以被免罪。

They're not prosecuted.

他们不会被起诉。

Those are the kinds of things that go on in our society.

这就是我们的社会中正在发生的事。

Another thing that's very serious about the abuse of women and girls

另外一件有关对于侵犯女性（与女孩）权益的事情

is the lack of equal pay for equal work,

便是她们努力完成一样的工作量却不能得到一样的薪水，

as you know. (Applause)

就像你知道的那样。（掌声）

And this is sometimes misinterpreted, but for full-time employment,

有时这一现象会被误读，但是对于全职工作者来说，

在美国一名女性比一名男性要少获得23%的薪水。

a woman in the United States now gets 23 percent less than a man.

When I became president, the difference was 39 percent.

当我成为总统时，这一差别为39%。

So we've made some progress, partially because I was president

所以我们有一些进步，部分原因是我当时任职总统

and so forth -- (Applause) (Laughter) --

以及其他种种——（掌声）（笑声）——

but in the last 15 years, there's been no progress made,

但是在过去的15年里，我们没有任何进步，

so it's been just about 23 or 24 percent difference

在过去的15年里，

for the last 15 years.

这一差别一直停留在23%与24%之间。

These are the kind of things that go on.

这一类的事情还有很多。

If you take the Fortune 500 companies,

如果你去看一下世界500强企业，

23 of them have women CEOs,

只有23家公司的首席执行官是女性，

out of 500,

在500家之中，

and those CEOs, I need not tell you,

而这些女性首席执行官，

make less on an average

平均赚得还是

than the other CEOs.

比男性首席执行官要少。

Well, that's what goes on in our country.

尽管无奈，这就是在我们国家发生的事。

Another problem with the United States

美国的另外一个问题便是

is we are the most warlike nation on Earth.

我们是这个地球上最好战的国家。

We have been to war with about 25 different countries

我们从第二次世界大战后

又陆续与25个不同的国家交战过。

since the Second World War.

Sometimes, we've had soldiers on the ground fighting.

有时，我们派出陆地部队在地面上作战。

The other times, we've been flying overhead

别的时候，我们则在天上飞来飞去

dropping bombs on people.

在人们上方扔下炸弹.

Other times, of course, now, we have drones that attack people and so forth.

当然了，现在我们有了无人机来攻击敌军以及其他的军事手段。

We've been at war with 25 different countries

我们自从第二次世界大战后

与超过25个不同的国家地区交战。

or more since the Second World War.

There was four years, I won't say which ones,

不过这中间有四年，我就不说是哪四年了，

where we didn't --

我们没有和（他国交战）——

(Applause) -- we didn't drop a bomb, we didn't launch a missile,

（掌声）——我们没有丢下一个炸弹，我们没有发射一枚导弹，

we didn't fire a bullet.

我们没有射出一颗子弹。

But anyway, those kinds of things, the resort to violence

不过不管怎么说，这些事情，诉诸于暴力的手段

and the misinterpretation of the holy scriptures

以及那些对于圣经典故的曲解

are what causes, are the basic causes, of abuse of women and girls.

是导致，而且是从根本上导致对于女性（和女孩）的人权侵犯的原因。

There's one more basic cause that I need not mention,

还有另外一个更加根本的原因我甚至都不需要说了，

and that is that in general, men don't give a damn.

那就是总体上来说，男人们根本不在乎这些。

(Applause) That's true.

（掌声）这是事实。

The average man that might say, I'm against the abuse of women and girls

一个男人平时可能会说，我反对侵犯女性权益

quietly accepts the privileged position that we occupy,

却与此同时悄悄地享受着我们（男人）享有着的特权，

而这和我小时候的认知十分相像，

and this is very similar to what I knew when I was a child,

when separate but equal had existed.

当“隔离但平等”还存在着。

Racial discrimination, legally, had existed for 100 years,

种族歧视，合法地，存在过100年，

从1865年，南北战争---也就是内战结束的时候，

from 1865 at the end of the War Between the States, the Civil War,

all the way up to the 1960s,

一直到1960年代，

当Lyndon Johnson通过了法案

when Lyndon Johnson got the bills passed

授权了平等权利。

for equal rights.

然而在那段时间，有许多白人公民

But during that time, there were many white people

that didn't think that racial discrimination was okay,

他们并不认可种族歧视，

but they stayed quiet,

但是他们却保持了沉默，

because they enjoyed the privileges of better jobs,

因为他们享受着能够拥有一份更好的工作的特权，

unique access to jury duty,

更容易得到参与陪审团的渠道，

better schools, and everything else,

更好的学校，以及其他种种，

and that's the same thing that exists today,

而一模一样的情况也在当今社会发生，

because the average man really doesn't care.

因为一个平常的男人真的不关心。

Even though they say, "I'm against discrimination against girls and women,"

即使他们会说，“我反对歧视女性，”

they enjoy a privileged position.

他们喜欢拥有特权的感觉。

And it's very difficult to get the majority of men

因为非常困难的一件事便是让大部分的男人

who control the university system,

那些掌管着整个大学系统的人们，

大部分的掌管着军队系统的男人们，

the majority of men that control the military system,

the majority of men that control the governments of the world,

大部分掌管着世界各地政府机关的男人们，

and the majority of men that control the great religions.

以及大部分控制着伟大的宗教信仰的男人们。

So what is the basic thing that we need to do today?

那么我们现如今要做的最基本的事是什么？

I would say the best thing that we could do today

我认为我们现如今所能做的最好的事

is for the women in the powerful nations

就是让那些强大国家里的女性们

like this one, and where you come from,

比如美国，你们大部分人的祖国，

Europe and so forth, who have influence and who have freedom to speak and to act,

以及那些欧洲国家里，那些有影响力的，有自由去发表意见和采取行动的女性，

need to take the responsibility on yourselves

去承担起她们的责任

to be more forceful in demanding

去变得更加的坚决与强硬

an end to racial discrimination against girls and women

来终止对于女孩与女人的歧视

all over the world.

在全世界范围内实现这一点。

The average woman in Egypt

一位生活在埃及的女性

doesn't have much to say about her daughters

对于她的女儿的生殖器被切割等事

getting genitally mutilated and so forth.

没有太多的话语权。

我就不需要再去展开具体细节了。

I didn't even go down to detail about that.

但是我希望在这次研讨会后，

But I hope that out of this conference,

that every woman here will get your husbands to realize

这里的每一位女性都可以让你们的丈夫意识到

that these abuses on the college campuses and the military and so forth

那些在大学校园里和在军队中发生的虐待

and in the future job market,

以及在未来的求职市场，

need to protect your daughters and your granddaughters.

你们应该有所行动来保护你们的女儿们和孙女们的权益。

I have 12 grandchildren, four children, and 10 great-grandchildren,

我有12个孙辈，四个孩子，以及10个曾孙，

and I think often about them

我常常挂念着他们

and about the plight that they will face in America,

想象他们今后在美国将会面临的困境，

not only if they lived in Egypt or a foreign country,

更不要说如果他们以后会生活在埃及以及其他的异国他乡，

in having equal rights,

要如何追求拥有同等权益，

and I hope that all of you will join me

我希望你们都可以来加入我

in being a champion for women and girls around the world

成为全世界的女性与女孩的权益拥护者

and protect their human rights.

去维护他们的人权，

非常感谢你们。

Thank you very much.

（掌声）

(Applause)