Jimmy Carter: Why I believe the mistreatment of women is the number one human rights abuse

譯者: Regina Chu 審譯者: Marssi Draw

As a matter of fact,

其實，

I was trying to think about my career since I left the White House,

自從我離開白宮後， 就在思考自己的事業，

and the best example I have is a cartoon in The New Yorker a couple of years ago.

我能想到最好的例子是數年前 在《紐約客》刊出的一則卡通。

This little boy is looking up at his father,

這個小男孩抬頭仰望 自己的父親，

and he says, "Daddy, when I grow up, I want to be a former president."

他說： 「爸爸，我長大後要當前總統。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Well, I have had a great blessing as a former president,

我當前總統有個很大的福氣，

because I have had an access

因為我有機會接觸──

that very few other people in the world have ever had

這機會世上只有少數幾個人有，

to get to know so many people around this whole universe.

就是能瞭解整個宇宙這麼多的人。

Not only am I familiar with the 50 states in the United States,

我不但很熟悉美國 50 州，

but also my wife and I have visited more than 145 countries in the world,

我與妻子還訪問過 全球超過 145 個國家，

and the Carter Center has had full-time programs in 80 nations on Earth.

而且卡特中心還在全世界 80 個國家設立全職單位。

And a lot of times, when we go into a country,

有很多時候， 我們進入一個國家時，

we not only the meet the king or the president,

我們不僅會晤國王或總統，

but we also meet the villagers who live in the most remote areas of Africa.

我們還會見居住在 非洲偏遠地區的村民。

So our overall commitment at the Carter Center

總體來說，卡特中心的承諾

is to promote human rights,

是要提升人權，

and knowing the world as I do, I can tell you without any equivocation

了解世界如我， 我可以很明確的告訴你

that the number one abuse of human rights on Earth

地球上頭號人權侵犯，

is, strangely, not addressed quite often, is the abuse of women and girls.

很奇怪，大家不太討論這個， 就是虐待婦女及女童。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

There are a couple of reasons for this that I'll mention to begin with.

接下來我會談造成的幾個原因。

First of all is the misinterpretation of religious scriptures, holy scriptures,

第一個就是錯誤闡釋 宗教經文、聖經經文，

in the Bible, Old Testament, New Testament, Quran and so forth,

無論是聖經的舊約、新約， 還是可蘭經等等都是，

and these have been misinterpreted by men who are now in the ascendant positions

這些經文被男性錯誤闡釋， 而他們在猶太會堂、

in the synagogues and the churches and in the mosques.

基督教堂或回教清真寺 位居優越地位。

And they interpret these rules to make sure that women

他們以這種方式闡釋教規，

確保女性一定會在神的眼中，

are ordinarily relegated to a secondary position

compared to men in the eyes of God.

降到比男性還次等的位置。

This is a very serious problem. It's ordinarily not addressed.

這是很嚴重的問題， 通常很少人提及。

A number of years ago, in the year 2000,

幾年前，在 2000 年，

I had been a Baptist, a Southern Baptist for 70 years --

我是浸信會的會友， 在美南浸信會 70 年了，

I tell you, I still teach Sunday school every Sunday;

我告訴你們， 我每個星期天都還在教主日學；

I'll be teaching this Sunday as well --

我這個星期天也要教，

but the Southern Baptist Convention in the year 2000 decided

但是 2000 年， 美南浸信會聯會做出決定

that women should play a secondary position,

女性必須扮演次等角色，

a subservient position to men.

要順服男人。

So they issued an edict, in effect,

所以他們頒了一項教令，

實施不讓女性在教會 當祭司、牧師、執事，

that prevents women from being priests, pastors, deacons in the church,

or chaplains in the military,

或軍隊的隨行神職人員，

and if a woman teaches a classroom

如果女性要在

美南浸信會神學院教書，

in a Southern Baptist seminary,

they cannot teach if a boy is in the room,

有男童在教室裡時就不能教，

because you can find verses in the Bible,

因為你可以在聖經裡找到經文，

there's over 30,000 verses in the Bible,

聖經總共有三萬多句的經文，

that say that a woman shouldn't teach a man, and so forth.

說婦女不應教導男性，諸如此類。

But the basic thing is the scriptures are misinterpreted

但基本上就是錯誤闡釋經文，

to keep men in an ascendant position.

讓男性保持優越地位。

That is an all-pervasive problem,

這是很普遍的問題，

because men can exert that power

因為男性能運用這項權力，

and if an abusive husband or an employer, for instance, wants to cheat women,

而且舉例來說， 如果施虐的丈夫或雇主想騙女性，

they can say that if women are not equal in the eyes of God,

他們會說如果婦女 在神的眼中並不平等，

why should I treat them as equals myself?

為什麼我應該 平等待她們如待己？

Why should I pay them equal pay for doing the same kind of work?

為什麼我應該要同工同酬？

The other very serious blight

另一項造成這個問題的嚴重因素

that causes this problem is the excessive resort to violence,

就是過度訴諸暴力，

and that is increasing tremendously around the world.

這現象在全球都顯著增加。

In the United States of America, for instance, we have had

舉例來說，在美國我們看到

an enormous increase in abuse of poor people,

虐待窮人的情況大幅增加，

mostly black people and minorities, by putting them in prison.

絕大多數為黑人及少數族裔， 他們被關進牢裡。

When I was in office as governor of Georgia,

我當喬治亞州州長時，

one out of every 1,000 Americans were in prison.

每千名美國人中有一個人坐牢。

Nowadays, 7.3 people per 1,000 are in prison.

現在，千人中有 7.3 人坐牢。

That's a sevenfold increase.

那是七倍的增長。

And since I left the White House,

我離開白宮後，

there's been an 800 percent increase in the number of women

黑人女性被監禁的比例

who are black who are in prison.

增加了 800%。

We also have [one of the only countries] on Earth

我們也是這世上唯一

that still has the death penalty that is a developed country.

還保留死刑的已開發國家。

And we rank right alongside the countries that are most abusive

我們與最侵犯各式人權的國家

in all elements of human rights in encouraging the death penalty.

同列鼓勵死刑的名單。

We're in California now, and I figured out the other day

我們現在在加州開會， 而有一天我發現

that California has spent four billion dollars

加州已經花了四十億美元

in convicting 13 people for the death penalty.

判 13 人死刑。

If you add that up, that's 307 million dollars it costs California

如果你加一加， 加州要花三億七百萬美元

to send a person to be executed.

處死一個人。

Nebraska this week just passed a law abolishing the death penalty,

內布拉斯加州 本週才通過法律廢止死刑，

because it costs so much. (Applause)

因為那太花錢了。（掌聲）

So the resort to violence and abuse of poor people and helpless people

所以訴諸暴力 與虐待窮苦及無助的人

is another cause of the increase in abuse of women.

是虐待婦女現象 增加的另一項原因。

Let me just go down a very few abuses of women that concern me most,

接下來我要說幾個 我特別關心的婦女受虐情況，

and I'll be fairly brief, because I have a limited amount of time, as you know.

我會盡量簡潔， 因為你們知道我的演講時間有限。

One is genital mutilation.

其中一個是女陰殘割。

Genital mutilation is horrible and not known by American women,

女陰殘割非常恐怖， 而且美國女性對此一無所知，

but in some countries, many countries,

但是在某些國家，在許多國家，

when a child is born that's a girl, very soon in her life,

女嬰出生後，很快地

her genitals are completely cut away by a so-called cutter

她的外生殖器 會被所謂操刀者完全切除，

who has a razor blade and, in a non-sterilized way,

操刀者持一把刀片， 沒有消毒過，

they remove the exterior parts of a woman's genitalia.

直接把婦女外陰割除。

And sometimes, in more extreme cases but not very rare cases,

有時候，有些很慘卻非罕見的例子，

they sew the orifice up so the girl can just urinate or menstruate.

他們會縫合陰道，只剩小洞， 讓女孩能排尿或排月經。

And then later, when she gets married, the same cutter goes in

之後，當她要結婚時， 同樣的操刀者

and opens the orifice up so she can have sex.

會來切開這個小洞， 所以她能有性行為。

This is not a rare thing, although it's against the law in most countries.

這並不罕見， 儘管大部分國家都明文禁止。

In Egypt, for instance,

舉例來說，在埃及，

91 percent of all the females that live in Egypt today

現今居住在埃及的女性中有 91%

have been sexually mutilated in that way.

受過那樣的性器官殘割。

In some countries, it's more than 98 percent

在某些國家，超過 98% 的女性

of the women are cut that way before they reach maturity.

在成年前受過如此殘割。

This is a horrible affliction

這是種恐怖的折磨，

on all women that live in those countries.

讓活在那些國家的婦女飽受痛苦。

Another very serious thing is honor killings,

另一件非常嚴重的事 就是名譽殺人。

where a family with misinterpretation, again, of a holy scripture --

家族因為錯誤闡釋的經文──

there's nothing in the Quran that mandates this --

可蘭經裡找不到半條 這樣的命令──

will execute a girl in their family

而將族中的女孩處死，

if she is raped

只因為她被強暴，

or if she marries a man that her father does not approve,

或嫁給父親不同意的人，

or sometimes even if she wears inappropriate clothing.

有時甚至只是因為 她穿了不合宜的衣服。

And this is done by members of her own family,

而且這由她自己家族的成員執行，

so the family becomes murderers

所以家人變成兇手，

when the girl brings so-called disgrace to the family.

把所謂讓家族蒙羞的女孩殺死。

An analysis was done in Egypt not so long ago by the United Nations

不久前聯合國在埃及做過分析，

and it showed that 75 percent of these murders of a girl

顯示出處決女孩的人，

are perpetrated by the father, the uncle or the brother,

75% 是女孩的父親、 叔伯或兄弟，

but 25 percent of the murders are conducted by women.

但 25% 由女人下手。

Another problem that we have in the world

世界上還有一件 與婦女特別有關的問題，

that relates to women particularly is slavery,

就是奴隸，

or human trafficking it's called nowadays.

現今稱為人口販賣。

There were about 12.5 million people sold from Africa into slavery

過去在十八及十九世紀， 大約有一千二百五十萬名非洲人

in the New World back in the 19th century and the 18th century.

被賣到新世界當奴隸。

There are 30 million people now living in slavery.

現在則有三千萬人 生活在奴役狀態下。

The United States Department of State now has a mandate from Congress

美國國務院受剛果委託，

to give a report every year,

每年要出一份（奴隸）報告，

and the State Department reports that 800,000 people are sold

國務院的報告指出 每年有八十萬人口

across international borders every year into slavery,

被賣為跨國奴隸，

and that 80 percent of those sold are women,

而其中 80% 為女性，

into sexual slavery.

成為性奴。

In the United States right this moment,

就在這一刻， 光在美國就有六萬人

60,000 people are living in human bondage, or slavery.

生活在枷鎖中，成為奴隸。

Atlanta, Georgia, where the Carter Center is located

喬治亞州亞特蘭大市， 即卡特中心的所在地，

and where I teach at Emory University,

也是我教書的埃默里大學所在地，

they have between 200 and 300 women, people sold into slavery every month.

每個月都有 二、三百名女性賣為奴隸。

It's the number one place in the nation because of that.

因而在這個項目成為全國第一。

Atlanta has the busiest airport in the world,

亞特蘭大有全球最繁忙的機場，

and they also have a lot of passengers that come from the Southern Hemisphere.

他們也有許多旅客從南半球來。

If a brothel owner

如果妓院老闆

wants to buy a girl that has brown or black skin,

想買個膚色棕褐或黝黑的女孩，

they can do it for 1,000 dollars.

他們花一千美元就能買到。

A white-skinned girl brings several times more than that,

皮膚白皙的女孩 可以賣好幾倍的錢，

and the average brothel owner in Atlanta and in the United States now

而現在在亞特蘭大及美國， 一般的妓院老闆

can earn about $35,000 per slave.

可以從每位性奴身上 搖出三萬五千美元。

The sex trade in Atlanta, Georgia, exceeds the total drug trade in Atlanta, Georgia.

喬治亞州亞特蘭大市的性交易 超過毒品交易總量。

So this is another very serious problem, and the basic problem is prostitution,

所以這是另一個非常嚴重的問題， 而最根本的問題就是賣淫，

because there's not a whorehouse in America

因為在美國每一間妓院

that's not known by the local officials,

都在當地政府官員、

the local policemen, or the chief of police or the mayor and so forth.

當地警察或警長 或市長等人的掌握之下。

And this leads to one of the worst problems,

這導致另一項嚴重的問題，

and that is that women are bought increasingly and put into sexual slavery

就是愈來愈多的女性被賣為性奴，

in all countries in the world.

全世界所有國家皆為如此。

Sweden has got a good approach to it.

瑞典有個對付的好方法。

About 15 to 20 years ago, Sweden decided to change the law,

大約 15 到 20 年前， 瑞典決定要改變法律，

and women are no longer prosecuted

女性不再被起訴，

if they are in sexual slavery,

如果她們是性奴，

but the brothel owners and the pimps and the male customers are prosecuted,

但是妓院老闆、皮條客 及男性嫖客卻會被起訴，

and -- (Applause) -- prostitution has gone down.

因此（掌聲） 賣淫的情況減少。

In the United States, we take just the opposite position.

在美國，我們的做法卻恰恰相反。

For every male arrested for illegal sex trade,

在美國， 男性與女性因非法性交易

25 women are arrested in the United States of America.

被逮捕的比例為 1 比 25。

Canada, Ireland, I've already said Sweden,

加拿大、愛爾蘭 及我剛談到的瑞典、

France, and other countries are moving now towards this so-called Swedish model.

法國和其他國家都朝 所謂的瑞典模式前進。

That's another thing that can be done.

這是另一件可以著手的事。

We have two great institutions in this country that all of us admire:

這個國家有眾人景仰的兩大機構：

our military and our great university system.

我們的軍隊及偉大的大學系統。

In the military, they are now analyzing how many sexual assaults take place.

在軍隊，他們正在分析 發生過多少性侵案。

The last report I got, there were 26,000 sexual assaults

我拿到的最新報告指出 有二萬六千筆性侵案

that took place in the military --

在軍中發生，

26,000.

二萬六千筆！

Only 3,000, not much more than 1 percent, are actually prosecuted,

只有三千件，比 1% 多一點點， 真的被起訴，

and the reason is that the commanding officer of any organization --

原因是各單位的指揮官，

a ship like my submarine, or a battalion in the Army

像船、以我為名的潛水艇、 陸軍軍營，

or a company in the Marines --

或海軍連隊，

the commanding officer has the right under law to decide

指揮官有法律賦予的權力

決定是否要起訴某名強暴犯，

whether to prosecute a rapist or not,

and of course, the last thing they want is for anybody to know

當然，他們最不想讓人知道的

that under their command, sexual assaults are taking place,

就是在他們的指揮下 還發生性侵案，

so they do not do it.

所以他們不會起訴強暴犯。

That law needs to be changed.

這條法律必須改變。

About one out of four girls who enter American universities

美國大學生中大約每四名女生

will be sexually assaulted before she graduates,

就有一名會在畢業前遭受性侵犯，

and this is now getting a lot of publicity,

現在這個情況受到許多媒體關注，

partially because of my book, but other things,

部分是因為我的書， 但還有其它因素，

and so 89 universities in America are now condemned

所以依照美國教育修正案第九條，

by the Department of Education under Title IX

教育部已經譴責了 89 所大專院校，

because the officials of the universities are not taking care of the women

因為這些大學的高層 沒有好好照顧女性，

to protect them from sexual assault.

保護她們不被性侵。

The Department of Justice says that more than half of the rapes

美國司法部說超過一半的 大學校園強暴案

on a college campus take place by serial rapists,

都是連續強暴犯所為，

because outside of the university system,

因為如果這件事發生在校園外，

if they rape somebody, they'll be prosecuted,

他們強暴了某人， 一定會被起訴，

but when they get on a university campus, they can rape with impunity.

但是因為發生在校園內， 所以可以免於懲處繼續強姦。

They're not prosecuted.

他們不會被起訴。

Those are the kinds of things that go on in our society.

這些就是我們社會的情況。

Another thing that's very serious about the abuse of women and girls

還有一件非常嚴重的事， 與虐待婦女及女童有關，

is the lack of equal pay for equal work,

就是沒有同工同酬，

as you know. (Applause)

你們都知道的。（掌聲）

And this is sometimes misinterpreted, but for full-time employment,

這有時也被錯誤闡釋， 但身為正職員工，

a woman in the United States now gets 23 percent less than a man.

在美國女性比男性少拿 23%。

When I became president, the difference was 39 percent.

我當總統時，差距為 39%。

So we've made some progress, partially because I was president

所以我們的確有進步一點， 部分是因為我當總統

and so forth -- (Applause) (Laughter) --

諸如此類── （掌聲）（笑聲）

but in the last 15 years, there's been no progress made,

但是過去 15 年 沒有什麼顯著的進步，

so it's been just about 23 or 24 percent difference

所以過去 15 年， 差距大約為 23% 或 24%，

for the last 15 years.

These are the kind of things that go on.

這就是我們社會的寫照。

If you take the Fortune 500 companies,

如果你看富比士 500 大公司，

23 of them have women CEOs,

其中 23 間有女性執行長，

out of 500,

500 間裡只有 23 間，

and those CEOs, I need not tell you,

這些執行長，我不說你也知道，

make less on an average

比其他執行長

than the other CEOs.

平均還賺得少。

Well, that's what goes on in our country.

所以，這也是我國社會的寫照。

Another problem with the United States

美國還有一項問題，

is we are the most warlike nation on Earth.

就是我們是世界上 最愛打仗的國家。

We have been to war with about 25 different countries

我們與 25 個國家打過仗，

since the Second World War.

自二次世界大戰以來。

Sometimes, we've had soldiers on the ground fighting.

有時候，我們派士兵去打地面戰，

The other times, we've been flying overhead

其他時候，我們飛過人家的領空

dropping bombs on people.

對人投擲炸彈。

Other times, of course, now, we have drones that attack people and so forth.

還有一些時候，當然現在 我們有無人機攻擊人民等等。

We've been at war with 25 different countries

我們已經和超過 25 個國家打仗，

or more since the Second World War.

自二次世界大戰以來。

There was four years, I won't say which ones,

其中有四年，我不會說是哪四年，

where we didn't --

我們沒有打仗，

(Applause) -- we didn't drop a bomb, we didn't launch a missile,

（掌聲）我們沒有投擲炸彈， 我們沒有發射飛彈，

we didn't fire a bullet.

我們甚至沒有打過一顆子彈。

But anyway, those kinds of things, the resort to violence

但無論如何，這幾件事，

如訴諸暴力及錯誤闡釋經文，

and the misinterpretation of the holy scriptures

are what causes, are the basic causes, of abuse of women and girls.

是造成虐待婦女及女童的基本原因。

There's one more basic cause that I need not mention,

還有一個基本原因， 我不用說大家都知道，

and that is that in general, men don't give a damn.

就是普遍來說， 男人根本不甩這回事！

(Applause) That's true.

（掌聲）真的。

The average man that might say, I'm against the abuse of women and girls

會聲稱反對婦女及女童虐待的男人

quietly accepts the privileged position that we occupy,

可能會默默接受我們擁有的特權，

and this is very similar to what I knew when I was a child,

這跟我小時候的情況很像，

when separate but equal had existed.

種族實施隔離但平等卻存在。

Racial discrimination, legally, had existed for 100 years,

合法的種族歧視 已經存在了一百年，

from 1865 at the end of the War Between the States, the Civil War,

從 1865 年南北戰爭結束起，

all the way up to the 1960s,

一直到 1960 年代

when Lyndon Johnson got the bills passed

林登·詹森通過

for equal rights.

平權法案為止。

But during that time, there were many white people

但在那段期間，有許多白人

that didn't think that racial discrimination was okay,

並不認為種族歧視是對的，

but they stayed quiet,

但是他們選擇沉默，

because they enjoyed the privileges of better jobs,

因為他們享受特權， 有更好的工作，

unique access to jury duty,

只有白人能進陪審團，

better schools, and everything else,

進更好的學校和其他種種，

and that's the same thing that exists today,

這跟今天的情況一樣，

because the average man really doesn't care.

因為一般男人真的不在乎。

Even though they say, "I'm against discrimination against girls and women,"

即使他們說： 「我反對歧視婦女及女童。」

they enjoy a privileged position.

他們還是享受了特權。

And it's very difficult to get the majority of men

而且真的很難贏得大多數

who control the university system,

掌握大學系統的男人、

the majority of men that control the military system,

掌握軍隊系統的男人、

the majority of men that control the governments of the world,

掌握全球政府的男人，

and the majority of men that control the great religions.

及掌握主要宗教的男人同意。

So what is the basic thing that we need to do today?

所以什麼是我們今天 最該做的基本事項？

I would say the best thing that we could do today

我要說今天 我們所能做的最好的事，

is for the women in the powerful nations

是讓在強國的女性，

like this one, and where you come from,

像美國、妳們的國家、歐洲等等，

Europe and so forth, who have influence and who have freedom to speak and to act,

有影響力、有言論 及行動自由的女性，

need to take the responsibility on yourselves

要切實為自己負起責任，

to be more forceful in demanding

做出更強有力的要求，

an end to racial discrimination against girls and women

終結全世界對婦女及女童的歧視。

all over the world.

The average woman in Egypt

普通的埃及女性，

doesn't have much to say about her daughters

不能為她的女兒

getting genitally mutilated and so forth.

在女陰殘割等等事情上 說什麼意見。

I didn't even go down to detail about that.

我甚至沒有詳述細節。

But I hope that out of this conference,

但我希望在這場大會後，

that every woman here will get your husbands to realize

在座的每一位女性 都能讓妳的丈夫明白

that these abuses on the college campuses and the military and so forth

這些在大專校園、 軍隊等地發生的虐待，

and in the future job market,

及將來出社會後會受到的虐待，

need to protect your daughters and your granddaughters.

因為你們需要保護 自己的女兒及孫女。

I have 12 grandchildren, four children, and 10 great-grandchildren,

我有 12 個孫兒女， 4 個孩子，及 10 個曾孫，

and I think often about them

我常常想到他們，

and about the plight that they will face in America,

及他們在美國要面對的困境，

not only if they lived in Egypt or a foreign country,

不是只有住在埃及 或國外才會碰到，

in having equal rights,

具有平等的權利，

and I hope that all of you will join me

我也希望在座所有人 都能加入我的行列，

in being a champion for women and girls around the world

為全世界的婦女及女童而戰，

and protect their human rights.

並保護她們的人權。

Thank you very much.

謝謝各位！

(Applause)

（掌聲）