Michael Pritchard: How to make filthy water drinkable

1,957,998 views ・ 2009-08-04

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翻译人员: Halei Liu 校对人员: Diana Huang
00:18
Good morning everybody.
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大家早上好
00:20
I'd like to talk about a couple of things today.
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我今天想谈谈几件事情。
00:22
The first thing is water.
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第一件事是水。
00:24
Now I see you've all been enjoying the water
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我可以看到大家都十分享受
00:26
that's been provided for you here at the conference,
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由大会所提供的饮用水,
00:28
over the past couple of days.
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在过去的几天里。
00:30
And I'm sure you'll feel that it's from a safe source.
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我确定你们都感觉那些水 是出自一个安全的水源。
00:34
But what if it wasn't?
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但是如果不是的呢?
00:36
What if it was from a source like this?
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如果是出自这样的水源呢?
00:41
Then statistics would actually say
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数据会表明
00:43
that half of you would now be suffering
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你们其中的一半现在会
00:45
with diarrhea.
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在拉肚子了。
00:49
I talked a lot in the past about statistics,
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我过去常常谈关于数据,
00:52
and the provision of safe drinking water for all.
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以及为所有的人提供安全的饮用水的问题。
00:56
But they just don't seem to get through.
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但是这似乎得不到重视。
00:59
And I think I've worked out why.
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不过我觉得我搞清楚了这是为什么,
01:01
It's because, using current thinking,
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是因为,用当前的想法,
01:04
the scale of the problem
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问题的程度
01:06
just seems too huge to contemplate solving.
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似乎大得我们难以想象可以解决。
01:10
So we just switch off:
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所以我们干脆不想了。
01:12
us, governments and aid agencies.
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我们,政府,和援助机构,都放弃了。
01:17
Well, today, I'd like to show you
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好吧,今天,我就要给你们看看
01:20
that through thinking differently,
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通过不同的思维方式,
01:22
the problem has been solved.
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把这个问题解决了。
01:26
By the way, since I've been speaking,
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但是,顺便说一声,就在我演讲的同时。
01:28
another 13,000 people around the world
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世界上有13000人
01:31
are suffering now with diarrhea.
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正在遭受腹泻的痛苦。
01:34
And four children have just died.
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而4个孩子刚刚死去了。
01:39
I invented Lifesaver bottle
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我发明了这个救生瓶
01:41
because I got angry.
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因为我真的生气了。
01:43
I, like most of you, was sitting down, the day after Christmas in 2004,
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我,像你们其中的大多数人,在2004年的 圣诞节后的一天在电视机前坐了下来,
01:47
when I was watching the devastating news
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看到了那条灾难性的新闻 -
01:50
of the Asian tsunami as it rolled in,
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电视里正在直播
01:52
playing out on TV.
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亚洲海啸的登录。
01:54
The days and weeks that followed,
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在接下来的几天,几个星期里,
01:56
people fleeing to the hills,
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人们逃难到山上,
01:58
being forced to drink contaminated water
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被迫去喝被污染的水,
02:01
or face death.
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不然就会(因缺水)被死亡威胁。
02:04
That really stuck with me.
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那场景让我久久不能忘怀。
02:06
Then, a few months later,
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接下来,几个月后,
02:09
Hurricane Katrina slammed into the side of America.
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卡特里娜飓风席卷了美国的海岸线。
02:13
"Okay," I thought, "here's a First World country, let's see what they can do."
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“好吧,” 我想,“这里个第一世界国家, 让我们看看他们可以做些什么。”
02:17
Day one: nothing.
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第一天:什么都没有发生。
02:20
Day two: nothing.
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第二天:什么都没有发生。
02:23
Do you know it took five days to get water to the Superdome?
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你们可知道他们花了整整5天时间 才把水弄到新奥尔良体育馆(难民集中处)?
02:28
People were shooting each other on the streets
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人们为了电视和水在街上
02:31
for TV sets and water.
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用枪火拼。
02:34
That's when I decided I had to do something.
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那时,我就决定我要做些什么了。
02:38
Now I spent a lot of time in my garage, over the next weeks and months,
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在接下来的几个星期和几个月里, 我在我的车库里花费了不少时间。
02:41
and also in my kitchen -- much to the dismay of my wife. (Laughter)
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也在我的厨房里花了不少时间, 使我的妻子看了摇头。
02:44
However, after a few failed prototypes,
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然而,就在几个失败的试验模型后,
02:49
I finally came up with this, the Lifesaver bottle.
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我终于做出了这个,救生瓶。
02:54
Okay, now for the science bit.
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好了,现在来讲点科学背景。
02:56
Before Lifesaver, the best hand filters were only capable
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在救生瓶发明前,最佳的手动过滤器只能
02:58
of filtering down to about 200 nanometers.
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过滤200纳米左右的物体。
03:02
The smallest bacteria is about 200 nanometers.
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最小的细菌就有大约200纳米。
03:06
So a 200-nanometer bacteria
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所以一个200纳米的细菌
03:08
is going to get through a 200-nanometer hole.
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可以穿过这个200纳米的网孔。
03:12
The smallest virus, on the other hand,
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另外来说,最小的病毒,
03:14
is about 25 nanometers.
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大概有25纳米。
03:17
So that's definitely going to get through those 200 nanometer holes.
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所以那绝对会穿过那个200纳米的网孔。
03:22
Lifesaver pores are 15 nanometers.
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救生瓶的网孔只有15纳米。
03:27
So nothing is getting through.
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所以没东西可以通过。
03:30
Okay, I'm going to give you a bit of a demonstration.
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好了,我将要给你们一个示范。
03:32
Would you like to see that?
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你们想看吗?
03:34
I spent all the time setting this up, so I guess I should.
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我花了好些时间把这个设置好, 所以我想我应该做个示范。
03:36
We're in the fine city of Oxford.
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我们在美好的牛津市里。
03:39
So -- someone's done that up.
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哦,有人已经把这放好了。
03:41
Fine city of Oxford, so what I've done is I've gone
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美好的牛津,我所做的是,我从彻韦尔河里
03:43
and got some water from the River Cherwell,
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弄了点水,
03:45
and the River Thames,
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里面还有泰晤士里
03:47
that flow through here. And this is the water.
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流过来的水。这就是我弄来的水了。
03:49
But I got to thinking, you know,
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但是我就想了,你们知道的,
03:51
if we were in the middle of a flood zone
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如果我们在洪水区里
03:53
in Bangladesh, the water wouldn't look like this.
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在孟加拉国里,那水可不像这样。
03:57
So I've gone and got some stuff to add into it.
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所以我弄了这些东西来,把他们加进去。
03:59
And this is from my pond.
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这是从我池塘里弄来的。
04:01
(Sniffs) (Coughs) Have a smell of that, mister cameraman.
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(嗅一下)(咳嗽)闻闻这个,摄影师。
04:05
Okay. (Laughs) Right.
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好了,(笑)可以了。
04:09
We're just going to pour that in there.
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我们就把这些倒入这个里面。
04:12
Audience: Ugh!
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听众:恶!
04:14
Michael Pritchard: Okay. We've got some runoff
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麦克普理查德:好,我们还从污水处理厂
04:17
from a sewage plant farm.
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的水流里弄了点水。
04:19
So I'm just going to put that in there.
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我们把这也放进去。
04:22
(Laughter)
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(笑)
04:23
Put that in there. There we go.
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放进去,好的。
04:26
(Laughter)
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(笑)
04:27
And some other bits and pieces, chuck that in there.
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和这些乱七八糟的东西,一起丢进去。
04:31
And I've got a gift here from a friend of mine's rabbit.
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这是我朋友的兔子送给我的“礼物“。
04:35
So we're just going to put that in there as well.
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我们把这个也给放进去。
04:39
(Laughter)
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(笑)
04:40
Okay. (Laughter) Now.
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好了,(笑)现在。
04:44
The Lifesaver bottle works really simply.
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救生瓶的使用十分简单。
04:49
You just scoop the water up.
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你就把水舀起来。
04:51
Today I'm going to use a jug
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今天,我会使用一个罐子
04:53
just to show you all. Let's get a bit of that poo in there.
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就为了给你们瞧瞧,让我们放点粪便进去,
04:57
That's not dirty enough. Let's just stir that up a little bit.
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那还不够脏,让我们搅一下。
05:03
Okay, so I'm going to take this really filthy water,
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好了,我就要把这极脏的水,
05:08
and put it in here. Do you want a drink yet?
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放进这里。你现在想喝这个水吗?
05:12
(Laughter)
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(笑)
05:13
Okay. There we go.
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好了,这样。
05:17
Replace the top.
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换掉顶部。
05:22
Give it a few pumps. Okay?
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抽动几下,好吧?
05:26
That's all that's necessary.
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这就可以了。
05:29
Now as soon as I pop the teat,
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现在一旦我打开这个瓶盖,
05:33
sterile drinking water is going to come out.
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可饮用水就会从这里冒出来。我可得做得快。
05:35
I've got to be quick. Okay, ready?
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好了,准备好了?
05:40
There we go. Mind the electrics.
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这样。注意电器。
05:42
That is safe, sterile drinking water.
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这是安全的,无菌的可饮用水。
05:46
(Applause)
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(掌声)
05:48
Cheers.
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干杯。
05:50
(Applause)
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(掌声)
05:53
There you go Chris.
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你来试试,克里斯。
05:55
(Applause)
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(掌声)
06:00
What's it taste of?
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尝起来怎么样?
06:02
Chris Anderson: Delicious.
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克里斯安德森:美味极了。
06:04
Michael Pritchard: Okay.
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麦克普理查德:好了。
06:07
Let's see Chris's program throughout the rest of the show. Okay?
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让我们看看克里斯接下来节目的表现怎么样。 好嘛?(意味克里斯会拉肚子)
06:10
(Laughter)
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(笑)
06:13
Okay. Lifesaver bottle is used by thousands of people around the world.
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好了。救生瓶正在被世界各地上千人所使用。
06:18
It'll last for 6,000 liters.
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它可以净化6000升水。
06:20
And when it's expired, using failsafe technology,
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当它过期后,应用故障自动保全技术,
06:23
the system will shut off, protecting the user.
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这个系统会自动关闭,从而保护了使用者。
06:26
Pop the cartridge out. Pop a new one in.
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把净化盒取出,装进新的一个。
06:28
It's good for another 6,000 liters.
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又可以处理6000升的水。
06:32
So let's look at the applications.
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让我们看看它的使用的范围。
06:34
Traditionally, in a crisis, what do we do?
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以往,在一个危机中,我们怎么做?
06:36
We ship water.
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我们运输饮用水。
06:38
Then, after a few weeks, we set up camps.
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然后,几个星期后,我们架设起难民营。
06:42
And people are forced to come into the camps to get their safe drinking water.
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然后大众会被迫去难民营去取得饮用水。
06:47
What happens when 20,000 people congregate in a camp?
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你们想想,当20000人挤在 一个难民营里会发生些什么?
06:52
Diseases spread. More resources are required.
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疾病会传播,更多的资源会被需要(控制疾病)。
06:55
The problem just becomes self-perpetuating.
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这样问题就变成了自我持续的了。
06:59
But by thinking differently,
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但是换一个角度去想问题,
07:01
and shipping these,
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把这些运过去,
07:03
people can stay put.
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群众可以按兵不动,
07:05
They can make their own sterile drinking water,
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他们可以制造他们自己的可饮用水,
07:08
and start to get on with rebuilding their homes and their lives.
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然后开始重建他们的家园和生活。
07:13
Now, it doesn't require a natural disaster
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这不需要一个自然灾害
07:16
for this to work.
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让这来工作。
07:19
Using the old thinking, of national infrastructure
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用老眼光来看待问题,使用一个国家的基础设施,
07:23
and pipe work, is too expensive.
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以及管道系统,这(提供饮用水)太昂贵了。
07:26
When you run the numbers on a calculator,
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你用计算器来算算看,
07:28
you run out of noughts.
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怎么算都不够。
07:30
So here is the "thinking different" bit.
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所以,这里可以用不同的角度来看待问题。
07:33
Instead of shipping water,
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我们不要运输饮用水,
07:35
and using man-made processes to do it,
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而要用人工的方法去制造饮用水,
07:38
let's use Mother Nature. She's got a fantastic system.
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让我们依靠起大自然母亲。她有一个神奇的系统,
07:41
She picks the water up from there,
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她把水从这里拿起来,
07:44
desalinates it, for free, transports it over there,
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免费过滤,免费运输到另一个地方,
07:48
and dumps it onto the mountains, rivers, and streams.
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然后在那边的山上, 河里和小溪里放下它(雨水)。
07:50
And where do people live? Near water.
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人类大多在那里居住?靠近水源的地方。
07:53
All we've go to do
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我们只要
07:55
is make it sterile. How do we do that?
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把水杀菌,变成可引用水。
07:57
Well, we could use the Lifesaver bottle.
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为此,我们可以使用救生瓶。
08:00
Or we could use one of these.
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或者我们可以用这个东西。
08:02
The same technology, in a jerry can.
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它使用同样的技术,只是用在这种罐子上。
08:05
This will process 25,000 liters of water;
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这可以处理25,000升水。
08:10
that's good enough for a family of four,
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这可足够维持一个4口之家,
08:14
for three years.
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用上3年。
08:17
And how much does it cost?
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那这需要多少钱?
08:19
About half a cent a day to run.
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大概每天半美分。
08:21
Thank you.
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谢谢。
08:23
(Applause)
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(掌声)
08:26
So, by thinking differently, and processing water
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所以,从不同的角度考虑问题,
08:29
at the point of use,
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在水源处处理水,
08:31
mothers and children no longer have to walk four hours a day
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这样母亲和孩子们每天不必走上4小时
08:35
to collect their water.
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去采集他们的水。
08:37
They can get it from a source nearby.
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他们可以在附近的水源地取得。
08:41
So with just eight billion dollars,
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这样可用仅仅80亿美元,
08:44
we can hit the millennium goal's target
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让我们达成这个千年的发展目标,
08:47
of halving the number of people
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使没有安全引用水
08:49
without access to safe drinking water.
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的人口减半。
08:52
To put that into context,
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比较起来,
08:54
The U.K. government spends about 12 billion pounds
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英国政府一年所提供的外援资助
08:58
a year on foreign aid.
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达到120亿磅。
09:01
But why stop there?
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但是为什么就此止步?
09:04
With 20 billion dollars, everyone can have access to safe drinking water.
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我们可以用20亿磅,使每个人 都能有安全的可饮用水。
09:10
So the three-and-a-half billion people
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这样每年3亿半
09:12
that suffer every year as a result,
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受苦受难的人民,以及,
09:15
and the two million kids that die every year,
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每年死亡的两百万的儿童,
09:19
will live.
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会继续生存下去。
09:23
Thank you.
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谢谢。
09:25
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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这个网站将向你介绍对学习英语有用的YouTube视频。你将看到来自世界各地的一流教师教授的英语课程。双击每个视频页面上显示的英文字幕,即可从那里播放视频。字幕会随着视频的播放而同步滚动。如果你有任何意见或要求,请使用此联系表与我们联系。

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