Michael Pritchard: How to make filthy water drinkable

1,958,905 views ・ 2009-08-04

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譯者: Daniel Chou 審譯者: Peggy Ling
00:18
Good morning everybody.
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大家早安。
00:20
I'd like to talk about a couple of things today.
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我今天想談論兩件事情。
00:22
The first thing is water.
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第一項是水。
00:24
Now I see you've all been enjoying the water
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我注意到這幾天來
00:26
that's been provided for you here at the conference,
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你們都享用著研討會
00:28
over the past couple of days.
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提供的水。
00:30
And I'm sure you'll feel that it's from a safe source.
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我相信你們都認為它的來源是安全的。
00:34
But what if it wasn't?
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但如果它不是呢?
00:36
What if it was from a source like this?
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如果它是來自這種地方呢?
00:41
Then statistics would actually say
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那麼我們能從統計資料推得
00:43
that half of you would now be suffering
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你們之中有一半的人
00:45
with diarrhea.
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將現在患上腹瀉。
00:49
I talked a lot in the past about statistics,
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我在過去談過許多關於統計
00:52
and the provision of safe drinking water for all.
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和提供所有人安全的飲用水,
00:56
But they just don't seem to get through.
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但總是無法將這些訊息傳遞出去。
00:59
And I think I've worked out why.
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我認為我找出原因了。
01:01
It's because, using current thinking,
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因為,以當前的想法,
01:04
the scale of the problem
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這問題的規模
01:06
just seems too huge to contemplate solving.
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大得無法意圖解決。
01:10
So we just switch off:
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所以我們就放棄。
01:12
us, governments and aid agencies.
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我們、政府、和援助機構。
01:17
Well, today, I'd like to show you
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今天,我要來示範
01:20
that through thinking differently,
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經過不一樣的思考後,
01:22
the problem has been solved.
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問題已經被解決。
01:26
By the way, since I've been speaking,
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順道一提,從我開始演講到現在,
01:28
another 13,000 people around the world
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全球各地又有13,000人
01:31
are suffering now with diarrhea.
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正在腹潟,
01:34
And four children have just died.
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而且四個孩子剛剛死去。
01:39
I invented Lifesaver bottle
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我發明了 Lifesaver 濾水瓶
01:41
because I got angry.
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是因為我忿怒。
01:43
I, like most of you, was sitting down, the day after Christmas in 2004,
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我跟你們一樣在2004年聖誕節翌日,
01:47
when I was watching the devastating news
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坐在那裏,看著電視
01:50
of the Asian tsunami as it rolled in,
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不斷報導南亞海嘯摧毀性的新聞,
01:52
playing out on TV.
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在電視上不斷播放。
01:54
The days and weeks that followed,
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在那之後的數週,
01:56
people fleeing to the hills,
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人們逃到山丘上,
01:58
being forced to drink contaminated water
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被迫喝下被污染的水,
02:01
or face death.
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要不然就面對死亡。
02:04
That really stuck with me.
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那一直困擾著我。
02:06
Then, a few months later,
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隨著數月後,
02:09
Hurricane Katrina slammed into the side of America.
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卡崔納颶風往美國衝著而來。
02:13
"Okay," I thought, "here's a First World country, let's see what they can do."
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我想:「好吧,這是第一世界國家,來看看他們如何解決。」
02:17
Day one: nothing.
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第一天:甚麼都沒有做。
02:20
Day two: nothing.
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第二天:甚麼都沒有做。
02:23
Do you know it took five days to get water to the Superdome?
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你知道他們花了五天才將水運到超級巨蛋嗎?
02:28
People were shooting each other on the streets
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人們在街上互相開槍,
02:31
for TV sets and water.
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只為了電視機和水。
02:34
That's when I decided I had to do something.
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我就在那時決定一定要做些事。
02:38
Now I spent a lot of time in my garage, over the next weeks and months,
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接下來的數月,我花了很多時間在我的車庫,
02:41
and also in my kitchen -- much to the dismay of my wife. (Laughter)
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還有在廚房裏面,令我的太太很沮喪。
02:44
However, after a few failed prototypes,
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然而,經過幾次失敗的原型後,
02:49
I finally came up with this, the Lifesaver bottle.
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我最後還是完成了這個 ─ Lifesaver 濾水瓶。
02:54
Okay, now for the science bit.
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好了,現在來談它的科學面。
02:56
Before Lifesaver, the best hand filters were only capable
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在 Lifesaver 濾水瓶之前,最好的手動過濾器
02:58
of filtering down to about 200 nanometers.
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只能過濾小至200奈米。
03:02
The smallest bacteria is about 200 nanometers.
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最小的細菌就差不多200奈米般大。
03:06
So a 200-nanometer bacteria
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所以一個200奈米的細菌
03:08
is going to get through a 200-nanometer hole.
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將穿過一個200奈米大的洞。
03:12
The smallest virus, on the other hand,
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另一方面,最小的病毒
03:14
is about 25 nanometers.
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大約是25奈米。
03:17
So that's definitely going to get through those 200 nanometer holes.
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所以它一定會穿過那些200奈米大的洞。
03:22
Lifesaver pores are 15 nanometers.
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Lifesaver 濾水瓶的孔隙只有15奈米大小。
03:27
So nothing is getting through.
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所以任何東西都穿不過。
03:30
Okay, I'm going to give you a bit of a demonstration.
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好了,我要來示範一下給你們看。
03:32
Would you like to see that?
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你們想看看嗎?
03:34
I spent all the time setting this up, so I guess I should.
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我花了不少時間作出裝設,我想應該示範一下。
03:36
We're in the fine city of Oxford.
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我們正在美好的牛津城裡。
03:39
So -- someone's done that up.
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有人已經將它準備好了。
03:41
Fine city of Oxford, so what I've done is I've gone
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美好的牛津城,我做的是從
03:43
and got some water from the River Cherwell,
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流過牛津的查韋爾河
03:45
and the River Thames,
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和泰晤士河
03:47
that flow through here. And this is the water.
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取了一些水。就是這些水。
03:49
But I got to thinking, you know,
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不過我想了一下,你知道嗎,
03:51
if we were in the middle of a flood zone
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如果我們身在發生水災的
03:53
in Bangladesh, the water wouldn't look like this.
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災區孟加拉,那麼水不會像這樣。
03:57
So I've gone and got some stuff to add into it.
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所以我拿了一些東西來加進去。
03:59
And this is from my pond.
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這是從我家裡池塘拿來的。
04:01
(Sniffs) (Coughs) Have a smell of that, mister cameraman.
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(嗅嗅)(咳嗽) 聞一下吧,攝影師先生。
04:05
Okay. (Laughs) Right.
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可以了。(笑聲) 好的。
04:09
We're just going to pour that in there.
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我們來把它倒進去。
04:12
Audience: Ugh!
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觀眾:啊!
04:14
Michael Pritchard: Okay. We've got some runoff
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麥可.普立查:好的,我們還有一些
04:17
from a sewage plant farm.
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從污水處理場流出物取得的。
04:19
So I'm just going to put that in there.
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那我也把它倒進去。
04:22
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:23
Put that in there. There we go.
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將它放進去。可以了。
04:26
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:27
And some other bits and pieces, chuck that in there.
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還有其他零碎物,把它丟進去。
04:31
And I've got a gift here from a friend of mine's rabbit.
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我這邊還有一位朋友的兔子送的小禮物。
04:35
So we're just going to put that in there as well.
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所以我們也把它放進去。
04:39
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:40
Okay. (Laughter) Now.
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好了。(笑聲) 現在,
04:44
The Lifesaver bottle works really simply.
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Lifesaver 濾水瓶的用法非常簡單。
04:49
You just scoop the water up.
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你只要將水勺起來。
04:51
Today I'm going to use a jug
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今天我要用一個水壺
04:53
just to show you all. Let's get a bit of that poo in there.
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來展示給你們看。把那一些大便弄進去。
04:57
That's not dirty enough. Let's just stir that up a little bit.
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這樣還不夠髒。我們來稍微攪拌一下。
05:03
Okay, so I'm going to take this really filthy water,
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好的,現我要將這些非常骯髒的水,
05:08
and put it in here. Do you want a drink yet?
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放進這裏來。你們想喝了嗎?
05:12
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:13
Okay. There we go.
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好的,可以了。
05:17
Replace the top.
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把蓋子蓋回去。
05:22
Give it a few pumps. Okay?
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稍微抽壓幾次,好嗎?
05:26
That's all that's necessary.
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就是只需要這樣做。
05:29
Now as soon as I pop the teat,
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當我拉開它的瓶蓋,
05:33
sterile drinking water is going to come out.
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無菌的飲用水將會流出來。我動作要快。
05:35
I've got to be quick. Okay, ready?
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準備好了嗎?
05:40
There we go. Mind the electrics.
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可以了。小心電器。
05:42
That is safe, sterile drinking water.
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這是安全、無菌的飲用水。
05:46
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
05:48
Cheers.
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乾杯。
05:50
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
05:53
There you go Chris.
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拿去吧克里斯。
05:55
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
06:00
What's it taste of?
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喝起來如何?
06:02
Chris Anderson: Delicious.
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克里斯.安德森:非常好喝。
06:04
Michael Pritchard: Okay.
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麥可.普立查:好的。
06:07
Let's see Chris's program throughout the rest of the show. Okay?
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我們來看看克里斯在接下來節目中的表現。好嗎?
06:10
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:13
Okay. Lifesaver bottle is used by thousands of people around the world.
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好的。世界各地有上千人正在使用 Lifesaver 濾水瓶。
06:18
It'll last for 6,000 liters.
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它能轉換6,000公升的水。
06:20
And when it's expired, using failsafe technology,
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它過期時,利用故障自動保險技術,
06:23
the system will shut off, protecting the user.
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系統會自行關閉以保護使用者。
06:26
Pop the cartridge out. Pop a new one in.
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將內筒取出,換一個新的進去,
06:28
It's good for another 6,000 liters.
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就能夠再過濾6,000公升。
06:32
So let's look at the applications.
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我們來看看它的應用。
06:34
Traditionally, in a crisis, what do we do?
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災難發生時,傳統的做法是什麼?
06:36
We ship water.
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我們運送水。
06:38
Then, after a few weeks, we set up camps.
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幾個禮拜過後,我們建立營地。
06:42
And people are forced to come into the camps to get their safe drinking water.
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人們被迫來到營地取用安全的飲用水。
06:47
What happens when 20,000 people congregate in a camp?
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同時有20,000人聚集在營地會發生什麼事?
06:52
Diseases spread. More resources are required.
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病毒會傳染。會需要更多的資源。
06:55
The problem just becomes self-perpetuating.
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問題會一直自行延續下去。
06:59
But by thinking differently,
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但經過不一樣的思考,
07:01
and shipping these,
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以及運送這些水瓶,
07:03
people can stay put.
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人們就可以留在原地。
07:05
They can make their own sterile drinking water,
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他們可以自行製造無菌飲用水,
07:08
and start to get on with rebuilding their homes and their lives.
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並開始重建他們的家園和生計。
07:13
Now, it doesn't require a natural disaster
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其實,這些發明並不需要天然災害
07:16
for this to work.
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才可做到。
07:19
Using the old thinking, of national infrastructure
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以舊的想法,國家基礎建設
07:23
and pipe work, is too expensive.
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和管道工程的費用實太昂貴了。
07:26
When you run the numbers on a calculator,
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如用計算機計算費用,
07:28
you run out of noughts.
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算也算不完。
07:30
So here is the "thinking different" bit.
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這就是「用不同想法」看待問題的時候了。
07:33
Instead of shipping water,
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與其運送水
07:35
and using man-made processes to do it,
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和使用人造過程去解決,
07:38
let's use Mother Nature. She's got a fantastic system.
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我們應該利用大自然。她有一個很棒的系統。
07:41
She picks the water up from there,
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她從這裏提水,
07:44
desalinates it, for free, transports it over there,
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免費除去水中鹽分,運送到那裏,
07:48
and dumps it onto the mountains, rivers, and streams.
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傾倒在山地、河川、以及溪流中。
07:50
And where do people live? Near water.
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而人們住在哪裏呢?鄰近水源的地方。
07:53
All we've go to do
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我們需要做的
07:55
is make it sterile. How do we do that?
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只是將它消毒而已。
07:57
Well, we could use the Lifesaver bottle.
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那麼,我們可以使用 Lifesaver 濾水瓶。
08:00
Or we could use one of these.
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或是使用這種。
08:02
The same technology, in a jerry can.
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利用一樣的技術,裝在五加侖裝的油罐裡。
08:05
This will process 25,000 liters of water;
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它能夠過濾25,000公升的水。
08:10
that's good enough for a family of four,
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這足夠一個四人家庭
08:14
for three years.
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使用三年。
08:17
And how much does it cost?
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那它花費多少呢?
08:19
About half a cent a day to run.
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每天大約只需半分錢。
08:21
Thank you.
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謝謝。
08:23
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
08:26
So, by thinking differently, and processing water
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所以,以不同思考模式,在需要用水時
08:29
at the point of use,
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即時過濾,
08:31
mothers and children no longer have to walk four hours a day
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媽媽和孩子不必再每天跋涉四小時
08:35
to collect their water.
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來取得他們的水。
08:37
They can get it from a source nearby.
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他們可以取用附近的水源。
08:41
So with just eight billion dollars,
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那只需要八十億美元,
08:44
we can hit the millennium goal's target
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我們便能達到千禧目標的目的,
08:47
of halving the number of people
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讓無法取得安全飲用水
08:49
without access to safe drinking water.
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的人數減半。
08:52
To put that into context,
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將上述套入此情況,
08:54
The U.K. government spends about 12 billion pounds
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英國政府每年花約120億英鎊
08:58
a year on foreign aid.
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於國際援助。
09:01
But why stop there?
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但為何只做到這樣?
09:04
With 20 billion dollars, everyone can have access to safe drinking water.
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有了200億元,每個人都能取得安全的飲用水。
09:10
So the three-and-a-half billion people
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所以結果是
09:12
that suffer every year as a result,
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每年因此受苦的三十五億人
09:15
and the two million kids that die every year,
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和死去的兩百萬個兒童
09:19
will live.
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都會活下來。
09:23
Thank you.
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謝謝。
09:25
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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