Michael Pritchard: How to make filthy water drinkable

1,962,167 views ใƒป 2009-08-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Etai Yaffe ืžื‘ืงืจ: Amit segal
00:18
Good morning everybody.
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ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ื•ืœื.
00:20
I'd like to talk about a couple of things today.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
00:22
The first thing is water.
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ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื.
00:24
Now I see you've all been enjoying the water
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ืžื™ื
00:26
that's been provided for you here at the conference,
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ืฉืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืœื›ื ืคื” ื‘ื›ื ืก,
00:28
over the past couple of days.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
00:30
And I'm sure you'll feel that it's from a safe source.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข ื›ื™ ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
00:34
But what if it wasn't?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืš?
00:36
What if it was from a source like this?
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ืžื” ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื›ื–ื”?
00:41
Then statistics would actually say
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ืื– ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžืจืช
00:43
that half of you would now be suffering
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ืฉืžื—ืฆื™ืชื›ื ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
00:45
with diarrhea.
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ืžืฉื™ืœืฉื•ืœื™ื.
00:49
I talked a lot in the past about statistics,
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”,
00:52
and the provision of safe drinking water for all.
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืกืคืงื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื” ืœื›ืœ.
00:56
But they just don't seem to get through.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืกืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ.
00:59
And I think I've worked out why.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืžื“ื•ืข.
01:01
It's because, using current thinking,
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช,
01:04
the scale of the problem
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ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
01:06
just seems too huge to contemplate solving.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืจืื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™ ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
01:10
So we just switch off:
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ื›ื›ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืื˜ืžื™ื.
01:12
us, governments and aid agencies.
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ืื ื—ื ื•, ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช, ื•ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื•ืข.
01:17
Well, today, I'd like to show you
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ,ื”ื™ื•ื,ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื
01:20
that through thinking differently,
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ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”,
01:22
the problem has been solved.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ืคืชืจื”.
01:26
By the way, since I've been speaking,
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ื›ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ืžื”ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ,
01:28
another 13,000 people around the world
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ืขื•ื“ 13,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
01:31
are suffering now with diarrhea.
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ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ืžืฉื™ืœืฉื•ืœื™ื.
01:34
And four children have just died.
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ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื•.
01:39
I invented Lifesaver bottle
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ื”ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง "ืžืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื"
01:41
because I got angry.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืชืขืฆื‘ื ืชื™.
01:43
I, like most of you, was sitting down, the day after Christmas in 2004,
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ืื ื™, ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื, ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™,ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื›ืจื™ืกืžืก 2004
01:47
when I was watching the devastating news
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ื•ืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื•ืช
01:50
of the Asian tsunami as it rolled in,
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ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขืช ื”ืฆื•ื ืžื™ ื‘ืืกื™ื”,
01:52
playing out on TV.
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ืžืฉื•ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”.
01:54
The days and weeks that followed,
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื—ืœืคื•,
01:56
people fleeing to the hills,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืžืœื˜ื• ืœื”ืจื™ื,
01:58
being forced to drink contaminated water
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ื•ื ืืœืฆื• ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื,
02:01
or face death.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืžืžื•ื•ืช.
02:04
That really stuck with me.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืขื–ื‘ ืื•ืชื™
02:06
Then, a few months later,
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ื•ืื–, ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™,
02:09
Hurricane Katrina slammed into the side of America.
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ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ืงืŸ ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื” ืคื’ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืคื™ ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
02:13
"Okay," I thought, "here's a First World country, let's see what they can do."
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"ื˜ื•ื‘" ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, "ื”ื ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืคื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืžื” ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช".
02:17
Day one: nothing.
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: ื›ืœื•ื.
02:20
Day two: nothing.
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™: ื›ืœื•ื.
02:23
Do you know it took five days to get water to the Superdome?
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืœืงื— ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžื™ื ืœืกื•ืคืจื“ื•ื (ื”ืืฆื˜ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ืื•ืจืœื™ื ืก)?
02:28
People were shooting each other on the streets
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืจื• ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
02:31
for TV sets and water.
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืงืœื˜ื™ ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื•ืžื™ื.
02:34
That's when I decided I had to do something.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืขืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื”.
02:38
Now I spent a lot of time in my garage, over the next weeks and months,
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื’ืจืื–' ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื
02:41
and also in my kitchen -- much to the dismay of my wife. (Laughter)
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ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœื™, ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉืชื™.
02:44
However, after a few failed prototypes,
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ืื•ืœื, ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื›ื•ืฉืœื™ื
02:49
I finally came up with this, the Lifesaver bottle.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง "ืžืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื".
02:54
Okay, now for the science bit.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืงืฆืช ืžื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืžื“ืขื™.
02:56
Before Lifesaver, the best hand filters were only capable
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ืœืคื ื™ "ืžืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื", ื”ืžืกื ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:58
of filtering down to about 200 nanometers.
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ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืกื ืŸ ืขื“ ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ 200 ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจ.
03:02
The smallest bacteria is about 200 nanometers.
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ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš 200 ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจ
03:06
So a 200-nanometer bacteria
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 200 ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจ
03:08
is going to get through a 200-nanometer hole.
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ืชืฆืœื™ื— ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืžืกื ืŸ ืขื ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 200 ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจ.
03:12
The smallest virus, on the other hand,
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ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:14
is about 25 nanometers.
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ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ืขืจืš 25 ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจ.
03:17
So that's definitely going to get through those 200 nanometer holes.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืžืกื ืŸ ืขื ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 200 ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจ.
03:22
Lifesaver pores are 15 nanometers.
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ื”ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘"ืžืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื" ื”ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 15 ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจ.
03:27
So nothing is getting through.
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœื•ื ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจื›ื.
03:30
Okay, I'm going to give you a bit of a demonstration.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ืงื˜ื ื”.
03:32
Would you like to see that?
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”?
03:34
I spent all the time setting this up, so I guess I should.
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ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”. ื›ืš ืฉืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉื›ืŸ
03:36
We're in the fine city of Oxford.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ื”ื ืคืœืื”
03:39
So -- someone's done that up.
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ืื–-- ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
03:41
Fine city of Oxford, so what I've done is I've gone
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ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ื”ื ืคืœืื”, ืื– ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ื” ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืงืฆืช ืžื™ื
03:43
and got some water from the River Cherwell,
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ืžื ื”ืจ ื”ืฆ'ืจื•ื•ืœ,
03:45
and the River Thames,
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ื•ืžื ื”ืจ ื”ืชืžื–ื”,
03:47
that flow through here. And this is the water.
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ืืฉืจ ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”. ื•ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืžื™ื.
03:49
But I got to thinking, you know,
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
03:51
if we were in the middle of a flood zone
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื”
03:53
in Bangladesh, the water wouldn't look like this.
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ื‘ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ, ื”ืžื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืจืื™ื ื›ื›ื”.
03:57
So I've gone and got some stuff to add into it.
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ืื– ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื–ื”.
03:59
And this is from my pond.
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ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืื’ื ืฉืœื™.
04:01
(Sniffs) (Coughs) Have a smell of that, mister cameraman.
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(ืžืจื—ืจื—) (ืžืฉืชืขืœ) ืชืจื™ื— ืืช ื–ื”, ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื.
04:05
Okay. (Laughs) Right.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™. (ืฆื—ื•ืง) ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
04:09
We're just going to pour that in there.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ื ืฉืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœื›ืืŸ.
04:12
Audience: Ugh!
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ืงื”ืœ: ืื™ื›ืก!
04:14
Michael Pritchard: Okay. We've got some runoff
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ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ืคืจื™ืฆ 'ืจื“: ืื•ืงื™ื™. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช
04:17
from a sewage plant farm.
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ืžืžืคืขืœ ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืฉืคื›ื™ื.
04:19
So I'm just going to put that in there.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ.
04:22
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:23
Put that in there. There we go.
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ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ื”ื ื”.
04:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:27
And some other bits and pieces, chuck that in there.
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช, ื ื–ืจื•ืง ืœื›ืืŸ.
04:31
And I've got a gift here from a friend of mine's rabbit.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืคื” ืžืชื ื” ืžื”ื”ืืจื ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™.
04:35
So we're just going to put that in there as well.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื’ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
04:39
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:40
Okay. (Laughter) Now.
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ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง) ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
04:44
The Lifesaver bottle works really simply.
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ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง "ืžืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื" ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
04:49
You just scoop the water up.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืจืง ืœื’ืจื•ืฃ ืœืชื•ื›ื• ืžื™ื.
04:51
Today I'm going to use a jug
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื“.
04:53
just to show you all. Let's get a bit of that poo in there.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื. ื‘ืื• ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืงืฆืช ืžื”ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื• ืœืคื”.
04:57
That's not dirty enough. Let's just stir that up a little bit.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžื–ื•ื”ื ืžืกืคื™ืง. ืื– ืจืง ื ืขืจื‘ื‘ ืืช ื–ื” ืžืขื˜.
05:03
Okay, so I'm going to take this really filthy water,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืืžืช ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
05:08
and put it in here. Do you want a drink yet?
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ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื ืœืคื”.ืžืฉื”ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื’ื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื?
05:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:13
Okay. There we go.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™. ื”ื ื”.
05:17
Replace the top.
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ื ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ืกื”.
05:22
Give it a few pumps. Okay?
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ื ืคืžืคื ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื. ืื•ืงื™ื™?
05:26
That's all that's necessary.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ.
05:29
Now as soon as I pop the teat,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืคืงืง,
05:33
sterile drinking water is going to come out.
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ืžื™ื™ ืฉืชื™ื” ืกื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื ื™ืคืจืฆื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”. ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจ.
05:35
I've got to be quick. Okay, ready?
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื?
05:40
There we go. Mind the electrics.
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ื”ื ื”. ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ.
05:42
That is safe, sterile drinking water.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืžื™ื ืกื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื”.
05:46
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:48
Cheers.
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ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
05:50
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:53
There you go Chris.
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื›ืจื™ืก.
05:55
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:00
What's it taste of?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื˜ืขื?
06:02
Chris Anderson: Delicious.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ื˜ืขื™ื.
06:04
Michael Pritchard: Okay.
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ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ืคืจื™ืฆ 'ืจื“: ืื•ืงื™ื™.
06:07
Let's see Chris's program throughout the rest of the show. Okay?
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ื‘ืื• ื ืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืก ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืืจื™ืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”. ื˜ื•ื‘?
06:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:13
Okay. Lifesaver bottle is used by thousands of people around the world.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™. ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง "ืžืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื" ืžืฉืžืฉ ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
06:18
It'll last for 6,000 liters.
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ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ 6000 ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื.
06:20
And when it's expired, using failsafe technology,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืงืคื• ืคื’, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืืœ ื›ืฉืœ,
06:23
the system will shut off, protecting the user.
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื ืขืœ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ.
06:26
Pop the cartridge out. Pop a new one in.
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ืชื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ. ืชื›ื ื™ืกื• ื—ื“ืฉ.
06:28
It's good for another 6,000 liters.
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ื•ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœ 6000 ืœื™ื˜ืจ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
06:32
So let's look at the applications.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื.
06:34
Traditionally, in a crisis, what do we do?
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
06:36
We ship water.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžื™ื.
06:38
Then, after a few weeks, we set up camps.
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ื•ืื–, ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื™ืžื™ื ืžื—ื ื”.
06:42
And people are forced to come into the camps to get their safe drinking water.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
06:47
What happens when 20,000 people congregate in a camp?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉ 20,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื“ื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื ื”?
06:52
Diseases spread. More resources are required.
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ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช. ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื.
06:55
The problem just becomes self-perpetuating.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืง ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื”.
06:59
But by thinking differently,
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ืื•ืœื ืข"ื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”,
07:01
and shipping these,
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ื•ืฉืœื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
07:03
people can stay put.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื.
07:05
They can make their own sterile drinking water,
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืœืขืฆืžื ืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื” ืกื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื.
07:08
and start to get on with rebuilding their homes and their lives.
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ื•ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
07:13
Now, it doesn't require a natural disaster
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืืกื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืข
07:16
for this to work.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“
07:19
Using the old thinking, of national infrastructure
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ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช
07:23
and pipe work, is too expensive.
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื™ืงืจื” ืžื“ื™.
07:26
When you run the numbers on a calculator,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘,
07:28
you run out of noughts.
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ื ื’ืžืจื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช.
07:30
So here is the "thinking different" bit.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ืืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื”.
07:33
Instead of shipping water,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื™ื,
07:35
and using man-made processes to do it,
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš,
07:38
let's use Mother Nature. She's got a fantastic system.
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ื‘ืื• ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืžื ืื“ืžื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™ืช.
07:41
She picks the water up from there,
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ืกืคืช ืžื™ื ืžืฉื,
07:44
desalinates it, for free, transports it over there,
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ืžืชืคื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื, ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ืœืฉื,
07:48
and dumps it onto the mountains, rivers, and streams.
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ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื,ื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื—ืœื™ื.
07:50
And where do people live? Near water.
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ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื? ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื™ื.
07:53
All we've go to do
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ื›ืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช
07:55
is make it sterile. How do we do that?
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ื–ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื”.
07:57
Well, we could use the Lifesaver bottle.
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ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง "ืžืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื".
08:00
Or we could use one of these.
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ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”.
08:02
The same technology, in a jerry can.
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ืื•ืชื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื‘ื’'ืจื™ืงืŸ
08:05
This will process 25,000 liters of water;
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื˜ื”ืจ 25,000 ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื.
08:10
that's good enough for a family of four,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืขืœืช 4 ื ืคืฉื•ืช,
08:14
for three years.
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ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
08:17
And how much does it cost?
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”?
08:19
About half a cent a day to run.
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ ืกื ื˜ ืœื™ื•ื.
08:21
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
08:23
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:26
So, by thinking differently, and processing water
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื™ื
08:29
at the point of use,
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื”
08:31
mothers and children no longer have to walk four hours a day
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ืืžื”ื•ืช ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื ื™ืืœืฆื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœื›ืช 4 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื
08:35
to collect their water.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื.
08:37
They can get it from a source nearby.
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ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืงื™ืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื.
08:41
So with just eight billion dollars,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืช 8 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
08:44
we can hit the millennium goal's target
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืืœืฃ
08:47
of halving the number of people
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆื™ืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
08:49
without access to safe drinking water.
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ืœื”ื ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื”.
08:52
To put that into context,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉืจ.
08:54
The U.K. government spends about 12 billion pounds
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ืžืžืฉืœืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ื›- 12 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืคืื•ื ื“ื™ื
08:58
a year on foreign aid.
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืœ ืกื™ื•ืข ื—ื•ืฅ.
09:01
But why stop there?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืฉื?
09:04
With 20 billion dollars, everyone can have access to safe drinking water.
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ืขื 20 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ืœื›ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ื™ื.
09:10
So the three-and-a-half billion people
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ื›ืš ืฉ 3.5 ืžื™ืœื™ืื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
09:12
that suffer every year as a result,
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ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืžื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื•,
09:15
and the two million kids that die every year,
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ื•ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”,
09:19
will live.
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ื™ื—ื™ื•.
09:23
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
09:25
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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