Yang Lan: The generation that's remaking China

翻译人员: Jiwei Qu 校对人员: Angelia King

The night before I was heading for Scotland,

前往苏格兰的前一天晚上

I was invited to host the final

我受邀在上海主持了

of "China's Got Talent" show in Shanghai

“中国达人秀”的总决赛

with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.

八万现场观众聚集在体育场内

Guess who was the performing guest?

猜猜谁是表演嘉宾？

Susan Boyle.

苏珊·波伊尔

And I told her, "I'm going to Scotland the next day."

我对她说“我明天就要去苏格兰”

She sang beautifully,

她唱的棒极了

and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese:

甚至还尝试说些中文

送你葱

送你葱

So it's not like "hello" or "thank you,"

这不是类似“你好”或“谢谢”之类

that ordinary stuff.

普通的话

It means "green onion for free."

它的意思是“葱免费”

Why did she say that?

她为什么这样说呢？

Because it was a line

因为这出自一位

from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle --

中国版“苏珊大妈”之口--

a 50-some year-old woman,

一位50多岁的女士

a vegetable vendor in Shanghai,

一位上海菜商

who loves singing Western opera,

她非常钟爱西方歌剧

but she didn't understand

但是她根本不懂

any English or French or Italian,

英语、法语或者意大利语

so she managed to fill in the lyrics

所以她尝试用中文的蔬菜名称

with vegetable names in Chinese.

去填词

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma

她在体育场现场所演唱的

that she was singing in the stadium

“今夜无人入睡”中的最后一句

was "green onion for free."

就是“送你葱”

So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that,

所以当苏珊·波伊尔唱的时候

80,000 live audience sang together.

现场八万人齐声合唱

That was hilarious.

非常有意思

So I guess both Susan Boyle

所以我猜苏珊·波伊尔

and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai

和这位上海菜商

belonged to otherness.

都不同寻常

They were the least expected to be successful

她们都是在被称为娱乐圈的行业中

in the business called entertainment,

在最不被看好的情况下获得成功的

yet their courage and talent brought them through.

勇气和天赋是她们所依靠的

And a show and a platform

节目和平台

gave them the stage

为她们提供了实现

to realize their dreams.

梦想的舞台

Well, being different is not that difficult.

与众不同并没有多难

We are all different

从不同角度来说

from different perspectives.

我们每个人都各不相同

But I think being different is good,

但是我认为与众不同是件好事

because you present a different point of view.

因为你展示了一种不同的观点

You may have the chance to make a difference.

你也许有机会去创造不同

My generation has been very fortunate

我这一代人非常有幸可以

to witness and participate

目睹和参与到

in the historic transformation of China

过去二三十年中给中国带来

that has made so many changes

众多改变的这场

in the past 20, 30 years.

历史性转变

I remember that in the year of 1990,

我记得1990年的时候

when I was graduating from college,

我那时刚刚大学毕业

I was applying for a job in the sales department

我应聘了一份销售部门的工作

of the first five-star hotel in Beijing,

在当时北京第一家五星级酒店

Great Wall Sheraton -- it's still there.

北京喜来登长城饭店--这家店现在还在

So after being interrogated

当我被这位日本经理

by this Japanese manager for a half an hour,

询问了半小时之后

he finally said,

他最后说

"So, Miss Yang,

“那么，杨小姐

do you have any questions to ask me?"

你还有什么问题想问我的吗？”

I summoned my courage and poise and said,

我鼓起勇气泰然自若的说

"Yes, but could you let me know,

“是的，您可否告诉我

what actually do you sell?"

你们到底销售的是什么？”

I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about

我当时对于一个五星级酒店销售部门到底在买什么

in a five-star hotel.

没有什么概念

That was the first day I set my foot

那是我生平第一次走进一家

in a five-star hotel.

五星级酒店

Around the same time,

大约就在同时

I was going through an audition --

我参加了一次试镜--

the first ever open audition

中国国家电视台的

by national television in China --

第一次公开试镜--

with another thousand college girls.

试镜的还有数千名大学女孩儿

The producer told us

制片人对我们说

they were looking for some sweet, innocent

他们想找一些甜美，单纯

and beautiful fresh face.

漂亮的新面孔

So when it was my turn, I stood up and said,

所以当轮到我的时候，我站起来说

"Why [do] women's personalities on television

“为什么电视上女性的个性

always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent

总是必须要漂亮，甜美，单纯

and, you know, supportive?

比较讨好？

Why can't they have their own ideas

为什么不能拥有自己的想法

and their own voice?"

自己的声音？”

I thought I kind of offended them.

我觉得我好像有点冒犯他们了

But actually, they were impressed by my words.

实际上，他们却对我的话留下了深刻印象

And so I was in the second round of competition,

于是我入围了第二轮选拔

and then the third and the fourth.

然后是第三轮、第四轮

After seven rounds of competition,

七轮选拔过后

I was the last one to survive it.

我是唯一留下来的选手

So I was on a national television prime-time show.

于是我出现在了国家电视台黄金时段的节目上

And believe it or not,

大家可能不信

that was the first show on Chinese television

但那是中国的电视台中第一个

that allowed its hosts

允许主持人

to speak out of their own minds

表达出个人观点

without reading an approved script.

而不用照读审核脚本的节目

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

And my weekly audience at that time

我当时每周的观众人数

was between 200 to 300 million people.

在2-3亿人左右

Well after a few years,

数年后

I decided to go to the U.S. and Columbia University

我决定去美国哥伦比亚大学

to pursue my postgraduate studies,

进修研究生

and then started my own media company,

同时开始经营我自己的传媒公司

which was unthought of

这些在我刚刚开始工作

during the years that I started my career.

的时候是从来没想过的

So we do a lot of things.

因此我们做了许多工作

I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past.

过去这些年，我面试了一千多人

And sometimes I have young people approaching me

有时，年轻朋友找到我

say, "Lan, you changed my life,"

说“杨澜，你改变了我的一生”

and I feel proud of that.

我为此觉得很自豪

But then we are also so fortunate

但是，我们同样非常幸运

to witness the transformation of the whole country.

可以见证整个国家的转变

I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games.

我是北京申奥团队的一员

I was representing the Shanghai Expo.

上海世博会的形象大使

I saw China embracing the world

我见证了中国融入着世界

and vice versa.

同样在被世界所接受

But then sometimes I'm thinking,

但是我时常会思考

what are today's young generation up to?

当代的年轻人是什么样的？

How are they different,

他们是如何与众不同的

and what are the differences they are going to make

什么样的未来是他们将要塑造的

to shape the future of China,

中国的未来，说的大一些

or at large, the world?

世界的未来？

So today I want to talk about young people

所以，今天我想基于社交媒体平台

through the platform of social media.

谈谈年轻人

First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like?

首先，他们是谁？他们看起来是什么样子的？

Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei --

这个女孩儿叫郭美美--

20 years old, beautiful.

20岁的漂亮女孩儿

She showed off her expensive bags,

她炫耀自己的名牌包

clothes and car

衣服和汽车

on her microblog,

在自己的微博上

which is the Chinese version of Twitter.

中国版的推特

And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross

同时她自称中国红十字会

at the Chamber of Commerce.

商业总经理

She didn't realize

她并没意识到

that she stepped on a sensitive nerve

她触及了人们的敏感神经

and aroused national questioning,

并引起了整个国家的质疑

almost a turmoil,

几乎是一片混乱

against the credibility of Red Cross.

质疑红十字会的信誉

The controversy was so heated

论战非常激烈

that the Red Cross had to open a press conference

红十字会不得不召开新闻发布会

to clarify it,

进行澄清

and the investigation is going on.

同时调查也进行着

So far, as of today,

截至今日

we know that she herself made up that title --

我们所知的是她自己编造了那个头衔--

probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity.

也许是因为她觉得和慈善扯上关系很值得炫耀

All those expensive items

那些奢侈品

were given to her as gifts

都是她的男友送她的

by her boyfriend,

礼物

who used to be a board member

她男友曾是红十字会商业部下属部门的

in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce.

的一位董事

It's very complicated to explain.

很难理清其中的关系

But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it.

但不管怎样，公众还是不买帐

It is still boiling.

依旧群情激愤

It shows us a general mistrust

这表现出的是一种对以往

of government or government-backed institutions,

缺少机构透明度的政府或是拥有政府背景机构的

which lacked transparency in the past.

信任缺失

And also it showed us

这件事同样表明了

the power and the impact of social media

作为社交媒体的微博所拥有的力量

as microblog.

和影响力

Microblog boomed in the year of 2010,

微博兴起于2010年

with visitors doubled

伴随着翻一倍的访问量

and time spent on it tripled.

和三倍使用时间的激增

Sina.com, a major news portal,

新浪网，主要的新闻门户网站

alone has more than 140 million microbloggers.

拥有一亿四千多万微博用户

On Tencent, 200 million.

腾讯，2亿

The most popular blogger --

最受欢迎的博主--

it's not me --

不是我自己--

it's a movie star,

是为影星

and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans.

她拥有九百五十多万关注者或是粉丝

About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people,

其中约八成的使用者是年轻人

under 30 years old.

不到30岁

And because, as you know,

如你所知，因为

the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government,

传统媒体依然在政府严格的监管下

social media offers an opening

所以社交媒体就提供了一个

to let the steam out a little bit.

信息公开的小缺口

But because you don't have many other openings,

但是因为你没有太多其他渠道

the heat coming out of this opening

仅从这个缺口传出的信息

is sometimes very strong, active

有的时候非常的激烈，活跃

and even violent.

甚至带有暴力

So through microblogging,

因此通过微博的方式

we are able to understand Chinese youth even better.

我们可以去更好的了解中国的年轻人

So how are they different?

那么他们如何不同呢？

First of all, most of them were born

首先，他们大多生于

in the 80s and 90s,

80和90后

under the one-child policy.

在计划生育政策下

And because of selected abortion

基于重男轻女的原因

by families who favored boys to girls,

许多家庭进行选择性流产

now we have ended up

造成现在

with 30 million more young men than women.

男性比女性多3千万的现状

That could pose

这可能会给

a potential danger to the society,

社会带来潜在风险

but who knows;

但谁又知道呢

we're in a globalized world,

我们活在全球化的世界

so they can look for girlfriends from other countries.

所以他们可以找别的国家的女友

Most of them have fairly good education.

他们普遍受过良好的教育

The illiteracy rate in China among this generation

中国这一代人中的文盲率

is under one percent.

不到1%

In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college.

城市里80%的孩子可以接受大学教育

But they are facing an aging China

但是他们正面临着中国的老龄化

with a population above 65 years old

65岁以上的人口比重

coming up with seven-point-some percent this year,

今年达到了百分之七点多

and about to be 15 percent

并且可能在2030年

by the year of 2030.

达到百分之十五

And you know we have the tradition

众所周知我们有这样的传统

that younger generations support the elders financially,

那就是年轻人要供养老年人

and taking care of them when they're sick.

并在他们生病的时候照顾他们

So it means young couples

这就意味着年轻的夫妇

will have to support four parents

将要供养四位老人

who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.

中国人口平均寿命为73岁

So making a living is not that easy

所以年轻人要过生活

for young people.

并不容易

College graduates are not in short supply.

大学毕业生供过于求

In urban areas,

在城市里

college graduates find the starting salary

大学毕业生找到的第一份工作

is about 400 U.S. dollars a month,

月薪大约在400美元左右

while the average rent

但是平均房租

is above $500.

约为500美元以上

So what do they do? They have to share space --

那么他们怎么办呢？他们不得不合租--

squeezed in very limited space

挤在非常有限的空间内

to save money --

为了省钱--

and they call themselves "tribe of ants."

他们把自己叫做“蚁族”

And for those who are ready to get married

对于那些准备结婚

and buy their apartment,

自己买房的人来说

they figured out they have to work

他们不得不为此工作

for 30 to 40 years

30到40年

to afford their first apartment.

才能负担得起他们的第一套房子

That ratio in America

同样的数据在美国

would only cost a couple five years to earn,

仅仅需要花费一对夫妇5年的积蓄

but in China it's 30 to 40 years

但在房地产价格飞涨的中国

with the skyrocketing real estate price.

则需要30到40年

Among the 200 million migrant workers,

在两亿的外来务工者中

60 percent of them are young people.

六成是年轻人

They find themselves sort of sandwiched

他们发现自己可以说是夹在

between the urban areas and the rural areas.

城市和农村之间

Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside,

他们中的大多数不想再回到农村去

but they don't have the sense of belonging.

但却缺少归属感

They work for longer hours

他们工作时间很长

with less income, less social welfare.

收入和社会福利却很少

And they're more vulnerable

同时他们却更加脆弱

to job losses,

对于失业

subject to inflation,

通货膨胀

tightening loans from banks,

银行信贷紧缩

appreciation of the renminbi,

人民币升值

or decline of demand

或是欧美国家

from Europe or America

对于他们所生产商品

for the products they produce.

的需求下降

Last year, though,

去年

an appalling incident

有一起令人震惊的事件

in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China:

发生在中国南方一家原始设备制造商的园区内

13 young workers

13名年轻的工人

in their late teens and early 20s

在他们20岁左右的年纪

committed suicide,

选择了自杀

just one by one like causing a contagious disease.

一个接一个就像传染病一样

But they died because of all different personal reasons.

他们的动机却是各种不同的个人原因

But this whole incident

但是整个事件

aroused a huge outcry from society

却唤起社会对于外来务工人员

about the isolation,

身体和精神

both physical and mental,

两方面被孤立的

of these migrant workers.

质疑和思考

For those who do return back to the countryside,

对于那些返回农村的务工人员

they find themselves very welcome locally,

他们发现自己在当地很受欢迎

because with the knowledge, skills and networks

因为在城市里

they have learned in the cities,

通过网络的辅助

with the assistance of the Internet,

他们掌握了知识，技术和网络

they're able to create more jobs,

他们可以创造更多就业机会

upgrade local agriculture and create new business

提升当地农业水平同时创造新商机

in the less developed market.

在欠发达的市场

So for the past few years, the coastal areas,

因此过去这几年中，沿海地区

they found themselves in a shortage of labor.

出现了劳动力资源短缺

These diagrams show

这些图表展示了

a more general social background.

一个更加普遍的社会背景

The first one is the Engels coefficient,

第一个是恩格尔系数

which explains that the cost of daily necessities

它揭示了日常必需品的消费

has dropped its percentage

下降的百分比

all through the past decade,

在最近十年中

in terms of family income,

家庭收入方面

to about 37-some percent.

下降到37%

But then in the last two years,

但是在过去两年中

it goes up again to 39 percent,

再次上升到39%

indicating a rising living cost.

标志着生活成本的上升

The Gini coefficient

基尼系数

has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4.

已经超过警戒线0.4个百分点

Now it's 0.5 --

现在是0.5--

even worse than that in America --

甚至比美国更糟糕--

showing us the income inequality.

展示出了收入的不平衡

And so you see this whole society

同时你可以发现整个社会

getting frustrated

对于缺少流动性

about losing some of its mobility.

变得失去信心

And also, the bitterness and even resentment

同时，对于权力和财富的

towards the rich and the powerful

仇恨心理

is quite widespread.

非常普遍

So any accusations of corruption

所以任何对于权力部门或商业领域

or backdoor dealings between authorities or business

的腐败或幕后交易的指控

would arouse a social outcry

都会唤起社会的不满

or even unrest.

甚至是骚乱

So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging,

因此通过微博上的一些热门话题

we can see what young people care most about.

我们可以发现年轻人最关心的是什么

Social justice and government accountability

社会正义和政府问责制

runs the first in what they demand.

名列前茅

For the past decade or so,

最近的十年间

a massive urbanization and development

大规模的城市化和城市发展

have let us witness a lot of reports

让我们看到了许多

on the forced demolition

关于私有财产强制拆迁

of private property.

的报道

And it has aroused huge anger and frustration

这同样在年轻人中引起了强烈的

among our young generation.

愤怒和失望

Sometimes people get killed,

人们有时因此而死

and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.

有的时候为了保卫自己的财产不惜自焚

So when these incidents are reported

因此当这些事件越来越频繁的

more and more frequently on the Internet,

被互联网公之于众的时候

people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.

人民要求政府采取行动予以制止

So the good news is that earlier this year,

于是好消息是今年年初的时候

the state council passed a new regulation

国务院通过一项新的规章制度

on house requisition and demolition

关于房屋的征用和拆除

and passed the right

并且把强行拆除

to order forced demolition from local governments

的权利从地方政府转移到

to the court.

法院

Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety

同样的，许多其他事关公共安全的事件

is a hot topic on the Internet.

同样是网络热门议题

We heard about polluted air,

我们听到了空气污染

polluted water, poisoned food.

水污染和有毒食品问题

And guess what, we have faked beef.

你知道吗，我们制造假牛肉

They have sorts of ingredients

他们有种配料

that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish,

你把它刷在一片鸡肉或鱼肉上

and it turns it to look like beef.

它们就变得看起来像牛肉

And then lately,

然后最近

people are very concerned about cooking oil,

人们非常关心食用油问题

because thousands of people have been found

因为数以千计的人发现

[refining] cooking oil

[精炼]食用油

from restaurant slop.

来自餐厅的地沟油

So all these things

于是所有这些

have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet.

引起了来自互联网的巨大反响

And fortunately,

幸运的是

we have seen the government

我们看到政府部门

responding more timely and also more frequently

更加及时，更加频繁的对公众关心的问题

to the public concerns.

作出反应

While young people seem to be very sure

同时年轻人看起来更加关注

about their participation

自己在公共政策制定中

in public policy-making,

的参与性

but sometimes they're a little bit lost

但是他们有时有一点点迷失于

in terms of what they want for their personal life.

他们想要什么样的个人生活

China is soon to pass the U.S.

中国很快将要超越美国

as the number one market

成为奢侈品品牌

for luxury brands --

最大的市场--

that's not including the Chinese expenditures

这还不包括中国人在欧洲或者其他地方

in Europe and elsewhere.

的消费

But you know what, half of those consumers

但是你知道吗？这些消费群体中的一半

are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S. dollars.

收入在2000美元以下

They're not rich at all.

他们根本不富裕

They're taking those bags and clothes

他们把那些包和衣服

as a sense of identity and social status.

当作一种身份和社会地位的象征

And this is a girl explicitly saying

这是一个女孩儿在一档电视交友

on a TV dating show

节目中的话

that she would rather cry in a BMW

她说她宁愿坐在宝马车里哭

than smile on a bicycle.

也不愿坐在自行车后笑

But of course, we do have young people

但是，我们当然还是有年轻人

who would still prefer to smile,

仍然会选择微笑

whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.

不管是坐宝马还是自行车

So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon

所以在下张图片中，你会看到一个非常普遍的现象

called "naked" wedding, or "naked" marriage.

叫做“裸婚”

It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding,

不是说他们裸体去结婚

but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married

指的是这些年轻夫妇准备好

without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring

在没有房子，没有汽车，没有钻戒

and without a wedding banquet,

没有结婚典礼的情况下结婚

to show their commitment to true love.

表明他们对于真爱的信奉

And also, people are doing good through social media.

同时，人们在通过社交媒体做着好事

And the first picture showed us

第一张照片向我们展示了

that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs

一辆满载着500只将要成为食材的流浪狗

for food processing

的卡车

was spotted and stopped on the highway

被发现并被拦截在高速路上

with the whole country watching

整个国家都在通过微博

through microblogging.

进行着关注

People were donating money, dog food

人们捐钱，狗粮

and offering volunteer work to stop that truck.

自愿去拦截这辆车

And after hours of negotiation,

经过数小时的交涉

500 dogs were rescued.

500只狗被解救

And here also people are helping to find missing children.

同时人们还在帮助寻找丢失的孩子

A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet.

一位父亲把丢失孩子的照片放在网上

After thousands of resends in relay,

消息被转发数千次之后

the child was found,

孩子被找到了

and we witnessed the reunion of the family

我们也通过微博见证了这个家庭

through microblogging.

得以重聚

So happiness is the most popular word

幸福是最近两年里

we have heard through the past two years.

我们听到的最多的词汇

Happiness is not only related

幸福不仅仅与

to personal experiences and personal values,

个人的经历和价值有关

but also, it's about the environment.

同样与大环境有关

People are thinking about the following questions:

人们在思考着以下问题

Are we going to sacrifice our environment further

我们是否要通过牺牲环境的方式

to produce higher GDP?

来换取更高的GDP？

How are we going to perform our social and political reform

我们如何完成社会和政治改革

to keep pace with economic growth,

从而跟上经济增长的步伐

to keep sustainability and stability?

保持可持续性和稳定性？

And also, how capable is the system

同样，自我更正的系统

of self-correctness

有多大的能力

to keep more people content

来保证人们在

with all sorts of friction going on at the same time?

各种摩擦同时发生的时候得到满意的结果？

I guess these are the questions people are going to answer.

我觉得人民会给出这些问题以答案

And our younger generation

同时我们的年轻一代

are going to transform this country

将会改变这个国家

while at the same time being transformed themselves.

同样，在这个过程中改变着他们自己

Thank you very much.

非常感谢

(Applause)

（掌声）