Yang Lan: The generation that's remaking China

258,189 views ใƒป 2011-10-03

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Avi Cohen ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
The night before I was heading for Scotland,
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ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื ืกื™ืขืชื™ ืœืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“,
00:18
I was invited to host the final
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ื”ื•ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ืžืจ
00:21
of "China's Got Talent" show in Shanghai
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืดื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื ื•ืœื“ืด ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื—ืื™
00:24
with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.
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ืžื•ืœ ืงื”ืœ ื—ื™ ืฉืœ 80,000 ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืื™ืฆื˜ื“ื™ื•ืŸ.
00:28
Guess who was the performing guest?
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ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ืจื—?
00:31
Susan Boyle.
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ืกื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืœ.
00:34
And I told her, "I'm going to Scotland the next day."
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื” ืดืื ื™ ื ื•ืกืขืช ืœืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“ ืžื—ืจ.ืด
00:38
She sang beautifully,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืจื” ืžืงืกื™ื,
00:40
and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese:
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ืช.
00:44
้€ไฝ ่‘ฑ
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[ืกื™ื ื™ืช]
00:47
So it's not like "hello" or "thank you,"
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืžื• "ืฉืœื•ื" ืื• "ืชื•ื“ื”."
00:49
that ordinary stuff.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื.
00:51
It means "green onion for free."
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ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื "ื‘ืฆืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ื—ื™ื ื."
00:53
Why did she say that?
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ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ื–ืืช?
00:56
Because it was a line
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ื›ื™ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืฉืžืขื”
00:59
from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle --
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ืžื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืกื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืœ -
01:02
a 50-some year-old woman,
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ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืช ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืฉื”ื•,
01:04
a vegetable vendor in Shanghai,
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ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื—ืื™,
01:06
who loves singing Western opera,
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ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœืฉื™ืจ ืื•ืคืจื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช,
01:09
but she didn't understand
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”
01:11
any English or French or Italian,
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ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ืื• ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช,
01:13
so she managed to fill in the lyrics
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื
01:15
with vegetable names in Chinese.
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ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ืช.
01:17
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:19
And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืกื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืžื”
01:22
that she was singing in the stadium
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืจื” ื‘ืื™ืฆื˜ื“ื™ื•ืŸ
01:24
was "green onion for free."
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ื”ื™ื” "ื‘ืฆืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ื—ื™ื ื"
01:27
So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืกื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืœ ืืžืจื” ื–ืืช,
01:30
80,000 live audience sang together.
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80,000 ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืฉืจื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•
01:33
That was hilarious.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจืข ืžืฆื—ื•ืง.
01:36
So I guess both Susan Boyle
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืฉื’ื ืกื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืœ
01:39
and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai
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ื•ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžืฉื ื—ืื™
01:42
belonged to otherness.
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ื‘ืื• ืžื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื
01:44
They were the least expected to be successful
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”
01:46
in the business called entertainment,
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ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ื–ื” ืฉืฉืžื• ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ,
01:49
yet their courage and talent brought them through.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืคืจืฆื• ืœื”ืŸ ื“ืจืš.
01:52
And a show and a platform
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”
01:55
gave them the stage
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ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื”
01:57
to realize their dreams.
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ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ.
02:00
Well, being different is not that difficult.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืฉื”.
02:04
We are all different
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ืื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื
02:06
from different perspectives.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
02:08
But I think being different is good,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘,
02:10
because you present a different point of view.
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ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืžืฆื™ื’ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื ื”.
02:13
You may have the chance to make a difference.
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
02:16
My generation has been very fortunate
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ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืœ
02:18
to witness and participate
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ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ
02:20
in the historic transformation of China
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ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ
02:23
that has made so many changes
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ืฉื’ืจื ืœื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื
02:25
in the past 20, 30 years.
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ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
02:28
I remember that in the year of 1990,
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 1990,
02:31
when I was graduating from college,
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ื›ืฉืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื’ืณ
02:33
I was applying for a job in the sales department
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ื”ื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ ืœืžืฉืจื” ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช
02:36
of the first five-star hotel in Beijing,
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ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ืŸ,
02:38
Great Wall Sheraton -- it's still there.
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ืฉืจืชื•ืŸ "ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช" - ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื.
02:42
So after being interrogated
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ืื– ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชื•ื—ืงืจืชื™
02:44
by this Japanese manager for a half an hour,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื™ืคื ื™,
02:46
he finally said,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืืžืจ,
02:48
"So, Miss Yang,
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"ืื– ื›ื›ื”, ื’ื‘ืจืช ื™ืื ื’,
02:50
do you have any questions to ask me?"
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืื™ืœื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื™?"
02:53
I summoned my courage and poise and said,
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ืื–ืจืชื™ ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ืงื•ืจ ืจื•ื— ื•ืืžืจืชื™,
02:56
"Yes, but could you let me know,
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"ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™,
02:58
what actually do you sell?"
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ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืชื” ืžื•ื›ืจ?"
03:01
I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื”ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช
03:03
in a five-star hotel.
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ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื.
03:05
That was the first day I set my foot
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืจื’ืœื™ ื“ืจื›ื”
03:07
in a five-star hotel.
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ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื.
03:09
Around the same time,
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
03:11
I was going through an audition --
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ื ื™ื’ืฉืชื™ ืœืื•ื“ื™ืฉืŸ -
03:14
the first ever open audition
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ื”ืื•ื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืื– ื•ืžืขื•ืœื
03:16
by national television in China --
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ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช -
03:19
with another thousand college girls.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขื•ื“ ืืœืฃ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืงื•ืœื’'.
03:22
The producer told us
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ื”ืžืคื™ืง ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื ื•
03:24
they were looking for some sweet, innocent
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ืฉื”ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืžืชื•ืงื”, ืชืžื™ืžื”
03:26
and beautiful fresh face.
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ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืขื ืคื ื™ื ืจืขื ื ื•ืช.
03:29
So when it was my turn, I stood up and said,
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ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืชื•ืจื™, ืงืžืชื™ ื•ืืžืจืชื™,
03:32
"Why [do] women's personalities on television
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"ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”
03:35
always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืคื”, ืžืชื•ืงื”, ืชืžื™ืžื”
03:38
and, you know, supportive?
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืชื•ืžื›ืช?
03:41
Why can't they have their own ideas
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื“ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืœื”ืŸ
03:43
and their own voice?"
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ื•ืงื•ืœ ืžืฉืœื”ืŸ?"
03:45
I thought I kind of offended them.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืงืฆืช ืคื’ืขืชื™ ื‘ื”ื.
03:49
But actually, they were impressed by my words.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืžืื“ ื”ืชืจืฉืžื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™
03:53
And so I was in the second round of competition,
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ื•ื›ืš ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช.
03:55
and then the third and the fourth.
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™.
03:57
After seven rounds of competition,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช,
03:59
I was the last one to survive it.
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ื ืฉืืจืชื™ ื”ืฉื•ืจื“ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
04:02
So I was on a national television prime-time show.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคืขืชื™ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฆืคื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ื.
04:05
And believe it or not,
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ื•ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื
04:07
that was the first show on Chinese television
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช
04:09
that allowed its hosts
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ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื” ืœืžื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”
04:11
to speak out of their own minds
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืจืืฉ
04:13
without reading an approved script.
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ืœืœื ืฉื™ืงืจืื• ืชืกืจื™ื˜ ืžืื•ืฉืจ
04:16
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:20
And my weekly audience at that time
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ื•ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื
04:22
was between 200 to 300 million people.
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ืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 200 ืœ 300 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ.
04:26
Well after a few years,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื
04:28
I decided to go to the U.S. and Columbia University
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื”
04:31
to pursue my postgraduate studies,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™.
04:33
and then started my own media company,
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ื•ืื– ื”ืงืžืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืฉืœื™,
04:35
which was unthought of
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคืก
04:38
during the years that I started my career.
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™.
04:40
So we do a lot of things.
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ืื– ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
04:42
I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past.
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ืจืื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
04:45
And sometimes I have young people approaching me
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉื ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™
04:48
say, "Lan, you changed my life,"
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ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืœืืŸ, ืฉื™ื ื™ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™."
04:50
and I feel proud of that.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš.
04:52
But then we are also so fortunate
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืจื™ ืžื–ืœ
04:54
to witness the transformation of the whole country.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
04:57
I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games.
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ื”ืฉืชืชืคืชื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื›ืจื– ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ืŸ
05:01
I was representing the Shanghai Expo.
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ื™ื™ืฆื’ืชื™ ืืช ืชืขืจื•ื›ืช ื”ืืงืกืคื• ื‘ืฉื ื—ืื™.
05:03
I saw China embracing the world
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ืกื™ืŸ ืžืืžืฆืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืœื‘ื”
05:05
and vice versa.
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ื•ืœื”ืคืš.
05:07
But then sometimes I'm thinking,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช,
05:10
what are today's young generation up to?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืขื ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื?
05:14
How are they different,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
05:16
and what are the differences they are going to make
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ื•ืžื” ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืœืœ
05:18
to shape the future of China,
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ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ.
05:20
or at large, the world?
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ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš, ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื?
05:23
So today I want to talk about young people
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
05:25
through the platform of social media.
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ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
05:28
First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like?
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืžื™ ื”ื? ืื™ืš ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื?
05:31
Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei --
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื ืขืจื” ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื’ื• ืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ -
05:33
20 years old, beautiful.
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ื‘ืช 20, ื™ืคื™ื™ืคื™ื”.
05:35
She showed off her expensive bags,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื” ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœื”,
05:38
clothes and car
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ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช
05:40
on her microblog,
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ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื”,
05:42
which is the Chinese version of Twitter.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ.
05:44
And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross
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ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžื ื›"ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื•ื
05:48
at the Chamber of Commerce.
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ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจ [ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ].
05:51
She didn't realize
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœืงื—ื” ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
05:53
that she stepped on a sensitive nerve
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื’ืขื” ื‘ืขืฆื‘ ืจื’ื™ืฉ
05:55
and aroused national questioning,
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ื•ืขื•ืจืจื” ืชื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
05:57
almost a turmoil,
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ื•ืžื”,
05:59
against the credibility of Red Cross.
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ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื•ื.
06:02
The controversy was so heated
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ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืชืœื”ื˜
06:05
that the Red Cross had to open a press conference
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ืฉื”ืฆืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ื ืก ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืขืชื•ื ืื™ื
06:07
to clarify it,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
06:09
and the investigation is going on.
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ื•ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื ืžืฉื›ืช.
06:11
So far, as of today,
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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
06:14
we know that she herself made up that title --
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ -
06:17
probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity.
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ื›ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื’ืื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ืฆื“ืงื”.
06:20
All those expensive items
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ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•
06:22
were given to her as gifts
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ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื” ื‘ืžืชื ื”
06:24
by her boyfriend,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื”.
06:26
who used to be a board member
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื
06:28
in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce.
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ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจ.
06:31
It's very complicated to explain.
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ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ.
06:34
But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืงื•ื ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
06:37
It is still boiling.
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ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืชื—.
06:39
It shows us a general mistrust
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ื–ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ื ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ืืžื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœื™
06:42
of government or government-backed institutions,
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ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืื• ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืžืš ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”,
06:45
which lacked transparency in the past.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ืกืจื” ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
06:48
And also it showed us
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืœื ื•
06:50
the power and the impact of social media
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ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
06:53
as microblog.
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ื›ืžื• ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ืœื•ื’.
06:55
Microblog boomed in the year of 2010,
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ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ืœื•ื’ ืคืจืฅ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010,
06:58
with visitors doubled
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ืขื ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื
07:00
and time spent on it tripled.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœืฉืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืœื™ืฉื”.
07:03
Sina.com, a major news portal,
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ื‘ SINA.COM, ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
07:05
alone has more than 140 million microbloggers.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 140 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ื.
07:09
On Tencent, 200 million.
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ื‘ TENCENT , ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ.
07:11
The most popular blogger --
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ื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ -
07:13
it's not me --
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ื–ืืช ืœื ืื ื™ -
07:15
it's a movie star,
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ืช ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข.
07:17
and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 9.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื• ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื.
07:21
About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people,
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ื‘ืขืจืš 80 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
07:24
under 30 years old.
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ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 30.
07:27
And because, as you know,
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ื•ืžืื—ืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
07:29
the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government,
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ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ื ืฉืœื˜ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”,
07:32
social media offers an opening
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ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืคืชื—
07:34
to let the steam out a little bit.
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ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืงืฆืช ืงื™ื˜ื•ืจ.
07:36
But because you don't have many other openings,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืคืชื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
07:39
the heat coming out of this opening
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ื”ื—ื•ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืชื— ื”ื–ื”
07:42
is sometimes very strong, active
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ื”ื•ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื—ื–ืง ืžืื“, ืคืขื™ืœ
07:45
and even violent.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืœื™ื.
07:47
So through microblogging,
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ืื– ื“ืจืš ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื
07:49
we are able to understand Chinese youth even better.
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ืื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:52
So how are they different?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื?
07:54
First of all, most of them were born
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืจื•ื‘ื ื ื•ืœื“ื•
07:56
in the 80s and 90s,
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 80 ื• 90,
07:58
under the one-child policy.
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ืชื—ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช "ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืื—ื“".
08:01
And because of selected abortion
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืคืœื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื•ืช
08:03
by families who favored boys to girls,
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื“ื™ืคื• ื‘ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื•ืช,
08:05
now we have ended up
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืจื’ืข
08:07
with 30 million more young men than women.
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30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื ืฉื™ื.
08:10
That could pose
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื
08:12
a potential danger to the society,
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ืœืกื›ื ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื”.
08:14
but who knows;
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข,
08:16
we're in a globalized world,
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ืื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
08:18
so they can look for girlfriends from other countries.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
08:22
Most of them have fairly good education.
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ืœืจื•ื‘ื ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžื“ื™.
08:25
The illiteracy rate in China among this generation
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ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืื ืืœืคื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
08:28
is under one percent.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“.
08:31
In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college.
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ื‘ืขืจื™ื, 80 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืงื•ืœื’'.
08:34
But they are facing an aging China
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืกื™ืŸ ืžื–ื“ืงื ืช
08:38
with a population above 65 years old
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ืขื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ 65 ื•ืžืขืœื”
08:41
coming up with seven-point-some percent this year,
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ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื‘ืขื” ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื”.
08:44
and about to be 15 percent
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ื•ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 15 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
08:46
by the year of 2030.
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ืขื“ ืœืฉื ืช 2030.
08:48
And you know we have the tradition
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช
08:50
that younger generations support the elders financially,
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ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืชื•ืžืš ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื,
08:52
and taking care of them when they're sick.
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ื•ื“ื•ืื’ ืœื”ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
08:54
So it means young couples
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ืื– ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
08:56
will have to support four parents
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ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ื”ื•ืจื™ื
08:59
who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.
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ืขื ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ 73 ืฉื ื™ื.
09:03
So making a living is not that easy
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ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
09:05
for young people.
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ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืœ ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก
09:07
College graduates are not in short supply.
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื•ื“ืฃ ื”ื™ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืงื•ืœื’'
09:10
In urban areas,
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื.
09:12
college graduates find the starting salary
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ืœื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืงื•ืœื’' ืžื•ืฆืขืช ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ืช
09:14
is about 400 U.S. dollars a month,
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ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 400 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ
09:16
while the average rent
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ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข
09:18
is above $500.
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ื”ื•ืข ืžืขืœ 500 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
09:20
So what do they do? They have to share space --
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ืื– ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืžืงื•ื -
09:23
squeezed in very limited space
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ืฆืคื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืื“ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื
09:25
to save money --
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื›ืกืฃ -
09:27
and they call themselves "tribe of ants."
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ื•ื”ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื "ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื ืžืœื™ื."
09:30
And for those who are ready to get married
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ื•ืืœื• ืฉืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ
09:32
and buy their apartment,
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ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืฉืœื”ื
09:34
they figured out they have to work
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ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
09:36
for 30 to 40 years
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 30 ืขื“ 40 ืฉื ื”
09:38
to afford their first apartment.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ื™ืจืชื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
09:40
That ratio in America
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ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
09:42
would only cost a couple five years to earn,
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ื™ืขืœื” ืœื–ื•ื’ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช,
09:44
but in China it's 30 to 40 years
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื–ื” 30 ืขื“ 40 ืฉื ื”
09:47
with the skyrocketing real estate price.
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ืขื ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ืžืจืงื™ืขื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื.
09:51
Among the 200 million migrant workers,
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ืžืชื•ืš 200 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืœืขืจื™ื,
09:54
60 percent of them are young people.
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60 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
09:57
They find themselves sort of sandwiched
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ื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื ืงืจืขื™ื
09:59
between the urban areas and the rural areas.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื.
10:02
Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside,
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ืจื•ื‘ื ืœื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืคืจ,
10:05
but they don't have the sense of belonging.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช.
10:07
They work for longer hours
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ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช
10:09
with less income, less social welfare.
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ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ืคื—ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืจื•ื•ื—ื”.
10:12
And they're more vulnerable
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื”
10:14
to job losses,
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ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืŸ,
10:16
subject to inflation,
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ืขืงื‘ ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”,
10:18
tightening loans from banks,
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ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืžื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื,
10:20
appreciation of the renminbi,
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ืชื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืจื ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ [ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืกื™ื ื™],
10:22
or decline of demand
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ืื• ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ
10:24
from Europe or America
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ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืืจื”"ื‘
10:26
for the products they produce.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื.
10:28
Last year, though,
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”,
10:30
an appalling incident
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ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžื–ืขื–ืข
10:32
in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China:
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ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืกื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื”
10:35
13 young workers
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13 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
10:37
in their late teens and early 20s
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื
10:39
committed suicide,
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ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•,
10:41
just one by one like causing a contagious disease.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื—ื“ ืื—ื“ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื’ื™ืคื” ืžื“ื‘ืงืช
10:45
But they died because of all different personal reasons.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžืชื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
10:49
But this whole incident
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ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงืจื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช
10:51
aroused a huge outcry from society
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ืขื•ืจืจื” ื–ืขืงืช ืžื—ืื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”
10:53
about the isolation,
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ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“
10:55
both physical and mental,
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ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ื•ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ ื›ืื—ื“,
10:57
of these migrant workers.
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ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ืžื”ื’ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
10:59
For those who do return back to the countryside,
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ืืœื• ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื,
11:01
they find themselves very welcome locally,
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ืžืชืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
11:04
because with the knowledge, skills and networks
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ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืขื ื”ื™ื“ืข, ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
11:06
they have learned in the cities,
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ืฉื”ื ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ืขืจื™ื,
11:08
with the assistance of the Internet,
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ืขื ื”ืขื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
11:10
they're able to create more jobs,
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ื”ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
11:13
upgrade local agriculture and create new business
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ืœืฉื“ืจื’ ืืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
11:15
in the less developed market.
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ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—.
11:17
So for the past few years, the coastal areas,
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ืื– ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ,
11:20
they found themselves in a shortage of labor.
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ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
11:23
These diagrams show
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ื”ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžืจืื™ื
11:25
a more general social background.
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ืจืงืข ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:27
The first one is the Engels coefficient,
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื“ ืื ื’ืœ
11:30
which explains that the cost of daily necessities
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ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื
11:33
has dropped its percentage
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ื™ืจื“ ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
11:35
all through the past decade,
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
11:37
in terms of family income,
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”,
11:39
to about 37-some percent.
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ืœื›ื“ื™ 37 ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
11:42
But then in the last two years,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
11:44
it goes up again to 39 percent,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืคืก ืœ 39 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื,
11:46
indicating a rising living cost.
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ื•ืžืฉืงืฃ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื”.
11:49
The Gini coefficient
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ืžื“ื“ ื’'ื™ื ื™
11:51
has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4.
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ื—ืฆื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฃ ื”ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ 0.4.
11:54
Now it's 0.5 --
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ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ 0.5 -
11:56
even worse than that in America --
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ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” -
11:59
showing us the income inequality.
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ืžืจืื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื”.
12:02
And so you see this whole society
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ื•ื›ืš ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”
12:04
getting frustrated
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ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืžืชื•ืกื›ืœืช
12:06
about losing some of its mobility.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
12:09
And also, the bitterness and even resentment
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืžืจืžืจื•ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืชืจืขื•ืžืช
12:12
towards the rich and the powerful
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ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื•ื—
12:14
is quite widespread.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืคื•ืฅ ืœืžื“ื™.
12:16
So any accusations of corruption
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื”ืืฉืžื” ื‘ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช
12:18
or backdoor dealings between authorities or business
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ืื• ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืขืกืงื™ื
12:22
would arouse a social outcry
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ื™ืขื•ืจืจ ื–ืขืงืช ืžื—ืื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
12:24
or even unrest.
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉืงื˜.
12:26
So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging,
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ืื– ื“ืจืš ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื,
12:30
we can see what young people care most about.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
12:33
Social justice and government accountability
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ืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช
12:35
runs the first in what they demand.
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ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื.
12:38
For the past decade or so,
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
12:40
a massive urbanization and development
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ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขื™ื•ืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื
12:44
have let us witness a lot of reports
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ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืชื ื• ื“ื•"ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื
12:47
on the forced demolition
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ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ืกื” ื”ื›ืคื•ื™ื”
12:49
of private property.
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ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื.
12:51
And it has aroused huge anger and frustration
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ืจืจ ื›ืขืก ื•ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื
12:54
among our young generation.
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ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
12:56
Sometimes people get killed,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื”ืจื’ื™ื.
12:58
and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆื™ืชื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืžื—ืื”.
13:02
So when these incidents are reported
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ื•ื›ืฉืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื
13:04
more and more frequently on the Internet,
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ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
13:06
people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.
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ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื•ืขืง ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื”.
13:09
So the good news is that earlier this year,
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ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉื ื”,
13:12
the state council passed a new regulation
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ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืชืงื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
13:15
on house requisition and demolition
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ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืจืžืช ื•ื”ืจื™ืกืช ื‘ืชื™ื
13:18
and passed the right
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ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช
13:20
to order forced demolition from local governments
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ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ืกื” ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ื”, ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช
13:22
to the court.
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ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
13:25
Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืš, ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
13:28
is a hot topic on the Internet.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ื—ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
13:31
We heard about polluted air,
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ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
13:33
polluted water, poisoned food.
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ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื, ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจืขืœ.
13:36
And guess what, we have faked beef.
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ื•ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจ ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืฃ.
13:39
They have sorts of ingredients
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ
13:41
that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish,
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ืฉืžื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื ื ืชื—ื™ ืขื•ืฃ ืื• ื“ื’,
13:44
and it turns it to look like beef.
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ื•ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจ
13:47
And then lately,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
13:49
people are very concerned about cooking oil,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ,
13:51
because thousands of people have been found
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ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื• ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
13:54
[refining] cooking oil
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ืžื–ืงืงื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ
13:56
from restaurant slop.
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ืžืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช.
13:58
So all these things
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ืื– ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
14:00
have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet.
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ืขื•ืจืจื• ื–ืขืงืช ื–ืขื ื“ืจืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
14:04
And fortunately,
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ื•ืœืžื–ืœื ื•,
14:06
we have seen the government
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”
14:08
responding more timely and also more frequently
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ืžื’ื™ื‘ื” ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื’ื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
14:11
to the public concerns.
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ืœื“ืื’ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
14:13
While young people seem to be very sure
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื
14:15
about their participation
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื
14:17
in public policy-making,
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ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช,
14:19
but sometimes they're a little bit lost
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืื‘ื•ื“ื™ื
14:21
in terms of what they want for their personal life.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื”ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื.
14:24
China is soon to pass the U.S.
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ืกื™ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืืจื”"ื‘
14:26
as the number one market
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ื›ืฉื•ืง ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ืช
14:28
for luxury brands --
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ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื™ื•ืงืจื” -
14:30
that's not including the Chinese expenditures
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ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืช
14:32
in Europe and elsewhere.
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ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื.
14:34
But you know what, half of those consumers
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ืื‘ืœ, ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”, ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
14:37
are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S. dollars.
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ืžืฉืชื›ืจื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž 2,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
14:40
They're not rich at all.
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ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืœืœ.
14:42
They're taking those bags and clothes
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ื”ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
14:45
as a sense of identity and social status.
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ื›ืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืžื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
14:48
And this is a girl explicitly saying
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื ืขืจื” ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ
14:50
on a TV dating show
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ืช
14:52
that she would rather cry in a BMW
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื” ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš BMW
14:54
than smile on a bicycle.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ืš ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
14:57
But of course, we do have young people
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
14:59
who would still prefer to smile,
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ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ืš,
15:01
whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.
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ืื ื‘ BMW ืื• ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
15:03
So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon
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ืื– ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžืื“ ื ืคื•ืฆื”
15:07
called "naked" wedding, or "naked" marriage.
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ื”ื ืงืจืืช ื—ืชื•ื ื” "ืขื™ืจื•ืžื”" ืื• ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ "ืขื™ืจื•ืžื™ื".
15:10
It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ืœื‘ืฉื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื”,
15:13
but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืฉืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื
15:16
without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring
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ืœืœื ื‘ื™ืช, ืœืœื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ืœืœื ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื™ื”ืœื•ื
15:19
and without a wedding banquet,
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ื•ืœืœื ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื—ืชื•ื ื”,
15:21
to show their commitment to true love.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืœืื”ื‘ืช ืืžืช.
15:24
And also, people are doing good through social media.
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
15:27
And the first picture showed us
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ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืจืืชื” ืœื ื•
15:29
that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs
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ืžืฉืื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœืืช 500 ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื—ื˜ืคื•
15:33
for food processing
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ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ
15:35
was spotted and stopped on the highway
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ืฉืื•ืชืจื” ื•ื ืขืฆืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ
15:38
with the whole country watching
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ื›ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆื•ืคื”
15:40
through microblogging.
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ื“ืจืš ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื.
15:42
People were donating money, dog food
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ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืชืจื ื›ืกืฃ, ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื
15:44
and offering volunteer work to stop that truck.
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ื•ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ื
15:47
And after hours of negotiation,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ,
15:49
500 dogs were rescued.
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500 ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื ื™ืฆืœื•.
15:52
And here also people are helping to find missing children.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื‘ื•ื“ื™ื.
15:56
A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet.
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ืื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจืกื ืืช ืชืžื•ื ืช ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
15:59
After thousands of resends in relay,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืืœืคื™ ื”ืชื™ื—ืกื•ื™ื•ืช,
16:02
the child was found,
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ื”ื™ืœื“ ื ืžืฆื,
16:04
and we witnessed the reunion of the family
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ื•ื—ื–ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”
16:07
through microblogging.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื.
16:09
So happiness is the most popular word
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ืื– ืื•ืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืฆืจ
16:12
we have heard through the past two years.
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ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
16:15
Happiness is not only related
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ืื•ืฉืจ ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืจืง
16:18
to personal experiences and personal values,
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ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ื,
16:20
but also, it's about the environment.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
16:22
People are thinking about the following questions:
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ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช:
16:25
Are we going to sacrifice our environment further
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ื”ืื ืื ื• ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
16:28
to produce higher GDP?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชืœ"ื’ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ?
16:31
How are we going to perform our social and political reform
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ืื™ืš ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช
16:34
to keep pace with economic growth,
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ืœื ืœืคื’ืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
16:37
to keep sustainability and stability?
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ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื?
16:40
And also, how capable is the system
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช
16:43
of self-correctness
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ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™
16:45
to keep more people content
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ
16:48
with all sorts of friction going on at the same time?
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ื›ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื•ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ืื—ืช?
16:51
I guess these are the questions people are going to answer.
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืฉืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืขื ื•ืช.
16:54
And our younger generation
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ื•ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื•
16:56
are going to transform this country
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ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช
16:58
while at the same time being transformed themselves.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื.
17:02
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
17:04
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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