Bastian Schaefer: A 3D-printed jumbo jet?

翻译人员: Weichen Cai 校对人员: Julia Xu

What do we know about the future?

我们知道多少未来的事儿？

Difficult question, simple answer: nothing.

这个问题听起来难，但答案很简单：一无所知。

We cannot predict the future.

我们没法预知未来。

We only can create a vision of the future, how it might be,

我们只能憧憬未来，想象未来的样子，

a vision which reveals disruptive ideas, which is inspiring,

不过这种憧憬可以萌生颠覆性的想法，具有启发性，

and this is the most important reason

这是打破惯性思维的枷锁

which breaks the chains of common thinking.

最重要的方式。

There are a lot of people

有很多人

who created their own vision about the future,

有他们对未来独特的憧憬，

for instance, this vision here from the early 20th century.

例如，这一产生于20 世纪初的设想。

It says here that this is the ocean plane of the future.

他们说这是未来可以飞跃海洋的飞机。

It takes only one and a half days to cross the Atlantic Ocean.

它只需一个半就能横渡大西洋。

Today, we know that this future vision didn't come true.

今天，我们知道这个未来的远景没有成真。

So this is our largest airplane which we have,

这是我们最大的飞机，

the Airbus A380, and it's quite huge,

空客A380，它体积庞大，

so a lot of people fit in there

可以容纳很多人

and it's technically completely different

从技术上讲它和

than the vision I've shown to you.

之前的那个愿景完全不同。

I'm working in a team with Airbus,

我在空客的团队里工作

and we have created our vision

我们创造了对于未来

about a more sustainable future of aviation.

更具可持续性的航空业的愿景。

So sustainability is quite important for us,

所以可持续性对我们而言是相当重要的，

which should incorporate social

其中应纳入社会性

but as well as environmental and economic values.

以及环保和经济价值。

So we have created a very disruptive structure

我们创建了一个极具分裂性的结构

which mimics the design of bone, or a skeleton,

模仿了骨或骨架的结构

which occurs in nature.

这些源于自然世界的设计。

So that's why it looks maybe a little bit weird,

这就是它看起来有点奇怪的原因

especially to the people who deal with structures in general.

特别是对常和结构打交道的人而言。

But at least it's just a kind of artwork

但至少它是一种艺术品

to explore our ideas about a different future.

探索我们对不同未来的构想。

What are the main customers of the future?

未来的主要客户有哪些？

So, we have the old, we have the young,

我们有老年客户群，有年轻客户群，

we have the uprising power of women,

女性力量逐渐崛起等，

and there's one mega-trend which affects all of us.

还有一个影响我们所有人的大趋势。

These are the future anthropometrics.

这与未来人体测量学息息相关。

So our children are getting larger, but at the same time

我们的下一代身材越来越高大，但同时

we are growing into different directions.

我们成长的方向有所不同。

So what we need is space inside the aircraft,

所以我们需要的是飞机内部的空间，

inside a very dense area.

一个密度非常高的空间内。

These people have different needs.

人们有不同的需求。

So we see a clear need of active health promotion,

我们看到对健康促进清楚的需求，

especially in the case of the old people.

尤其是老人们。

We want to be treated as individuals.

我们希望被区分对待。

We like to be productive throughout the entire travel chain,

我们喜欢在旅途中高效工作，

and what we are doing in the future is

在未来我们希望

we want to use the latest man-machine interface,

可以实现最新的人机互动，

and we want to integrate this and show this in one product.

和我们想要融入这些想法到一种产品内。

So we combined these needs with technology's themes.

因此我们将这些需要与技术主题相结合。

So for instance, we are asking ourselves,

例如，我们自问，

how can we create more light?

我们如何能创造更多的光照？

How can we bring more natural light into the airplane?

我们怎么能让更多自然光线照入飞机？

So this airplane has no windows anymore, for example.

例如，这架飞机已经没有窗户了。

What about the data and communication software

数据和通信软件

which we need in the future?

这些未来的需要怎么办？

My belief is that the airplane of the future

我相信未来的飞机

will get its own consciousness.

将会有自主的意识。

It will be more like a living organism

它将更像一个生物体

than just a collection of very complex technology.

而不是复杂技术的集合体。

This will be very different in the future.

这在未来将非常不同。

It will communicate directly

它将与机舱内部的乘客们

with the passenger in its environment.

进行直接沟通。

And then we are talking also about materials,

然后我们还谈论材料，

synthetic biology, for example.

例如合成生物学。

And my belief is that we will get more and more

我相信我们将会有更多

new materials which we can put into structure later on,

新型材料来投入到结构设计中，

because structure is one of the key issues in aircraft design.

因为结构是飞机设计中的关键问题之一。

So let's compare the old world with the new world.

因此让我们来比较一下旧世界和新世界。

I just want to show you here what we are doing today.

我想展示给大家看我们在研究的技术。

So this is a bracket of an A380 crew rest compartment.

这是一个 A380 机组休息舱结构。

It takes a lot of weight,

它能承受很大的重量，

and it follows the classical design rules.

遵从了经典的设计法则。

This here is an equal bracket for the same purpose.

这是相同用途的相似支架设计。

It follows the design of bone.

它和骨头的设计一样。

The design process is completely different.

设计过程是完全不同的。

At the one hand, we have 1.2 kilos,

一个是1.2 公斤重，

and at the other hand 0.6 kilos.

另一个是 0.6 公斤重。

So this technology, 3D printing, and new design rules

所以这技术、 3D 印刷和新的设计规则

really help us to reduce the weight,

真正帮助我们减轻重量，

which is the biggest issue in aircraft design,

这是飞机设计中最大的问题，

because it's directly linked to greenhouse gas emissions.

因为它与温室气体排放量直接相关。

Push this idea a little bit forward.

再进一步推进这一想法。

So how does nature build its components and structures?

自然是如何建造各个部件和结构的呢？

So nature is very clever. It puts all the information

大自然是非常聪明的。它把所有的信息放到

into these small building blocks, which we call DNA.

这些小积木内，我们称之为 DNA。

And nature builds large skeletons out of it.

自然在它的基础上生成了大骨架。

So we see a bottom-up approach here,

我们可以看到一个自下而上的方法，

because all the information, as I said, are inside the DNA.

因为所有的信息，正如我所说的都在 DNA里。

And this is combined with a top-down approach,

这与自上而下的方法相结合，

because what we are doing in our daily life

因为我们在日常生活中

is we train our muscles, we train our skeleton,

训练我们的肌肉和骨骼

and it's getting stronger.

使它们越来越强壮。

And the same approach can be applied to technology as well.

这种方法也能运用到技术上。

So our building block is carbon nanotubes, for example,

例如我们的构建基块是碳纳米管，

to create a large, rivet-less skeleton at the end of the day.

最终制造出一个巨型、无缝的构架。

How this looks in particular, you can show it here.

这个构架外观如何，可以在这里展现。

So imagine you have carbon nanotubes growing

想象一下有一个碳纳米管

inside a 3D printer,

在3D 打印机里制作，

and they are embedded inside a matrix of plastic,

被嵌入一个塑料模型中，

and follow the forces which occur in your component.

并按照组件内部力量延展。

And you've got trillions of them.

有上万亿个这样的纳米管。

So you really align them to wood,

所以你真的对齐它们到木头，

and you take this wood and make morphological optimization,

然后对木头进行形态优化，

so you make structures, sub-structures,

然后制作架构以及次级架构，

which allows you to transmit electrical energy or data.

以便传输电能或数据。

And now we take this material, combine this

现在我们用这种材料，结合

with a top-down approach,

自上而下的方法，

and build bigger and bigger components.

制作更大的组件。

So how might the airplane of the future look?

那么未来飞机究竟长什么样呢？

So we have very different seats which adapt

我们会有不同的座位来适应

to the shape of the future passenger,

未来旅客的体型，

with the different anthropometrics.

运用不同的人体测量学法。

We have social areas inside the aircraft

飞机内部有公共区域

which might turn into a place

可能会有

where you can play virtual golf.

虚拟高尔夫球场。

And finally, this bionic structure,

最后，这种仿生结构

which is covered by a transparent

由透明生物聚合物膜覆盖

biopolymer membrane, will really change radically

真的会彻底改变

how we look at aircrafts in the future.

我们未来对飞机的认识。

So as Jason Silva said,

正如杰森.席尔瓦所说的，

if we can imagine it, why not make it so?

如果我们能想象，为什么不去实现呢？

See you in the future. Thank you.

我们未来见。谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）