Beautiful new words to describe obscure emotions | John Koenig

246,090 views ・ 2017-03-31

TED


Videoni ijro etish uchun quyidagi inglizcha subtitrlarga ikki marta bosing.

Translator: Nazarbek Nazarov Reviewer: Azizbek Nazarov
00:12
Today I want to talk about the meaning of words,
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Men bugun so'zlarning ma'nolari haqida gapirmoqchiman.
00:16
how we define them
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Ularni qanday belgilashimiz
00:17
and how they, almost as revenge,
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va ular bizdan qanday o'ch olishi, bizni qanday
00:20
define us.
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belgilashlari haqda.
00:21
The English language is a magnificent sponge.
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Ingliz tili sehrli shimgich (gubka) ga o'xshaydi.
00:24
I love the English language. I'm glad that I speak it.
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Men bu tilni sevaman, unda gapira olishimdan mamnunman.
00:27
But for all that, it has a lot of holes.
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Lekin ingliz tilida ham bo'shliqlar bor.
00:30
In Greek, there's a word, "lachesism"
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Grek tilida shunday bir so'z bor - "lacheism",
00:32
which is the hunger for disaster.
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bu falokatga tashnalikni anglatadi.
00:36
You know, when you see a thunderstorm on the horizon
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Bu siz ufqda bo'ronni ko'rayotib,
00:40
and you just find yourself rooting for the storm.
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uni sabrsizlik bilan kutishingiz.
00:43
In Mandarin, they have a word "yù yī" --
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Xitoy tilida "yuyi" degan so'z bor,
00:45
I'm not pronouncing that correctly --
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men uni noto'g'ri talaffuz qilaman.
00:47
which means the longing to feel intensely again
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Bu nimadir tomonidan qo'lga olingan bo'lishni xoxlashni anglatadi.
00:51
the way you did when you were a kid.
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Odatda bunaqasi bolalikda bo'ladi.
00:55
In Polish, they have a word "jouska"
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Polyak tilidagi "juska" so'zi,
00:58
which is the kind of hypothetical conversation
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bu ongimizda, boshimizda o'tkazadigan
01:02
that you compulsively play out in your head.
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gipotetik suhbatga o'xshaydi.
01:06
And finally, in German, of course in German,
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Va nihoyat, nemis tilida,
01:09
they have a word called "zielschmerz"
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"silshmerts" so'zi bor,
01:12
which is the dread of getting what you want.
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bu o'z istaganimizga erishishdan qo'rqishni anglatadi.
01:15
(Laughter)
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(Kulgu)
01:19
Finally fulfilling a lifelong dream.
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Butun hayotimiz orzusini amalga oshirish.
01:23
I'm German myself, so I know exactly what that feels like.
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O'zim aslida nemisman, shunday ekan bu tuyg'u menga yaxshi tanish.
01:26
Now, I'm not sure if I would use any of these words
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Bu so'zlar menga kerak bo'lishiga ishonchim komil emas.
01:29
as I go about my day,
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Kundalik hayotda.
01:31
but I'm really glad they exist.
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Lekin men ularning mavjudligidan hursandman.
01:33
But the only reason they exist is because I made them up.
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Biroq ular faqat men ularni o'ylab topganim uchun mavjud.
01:37
I am the author of "The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows,"
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Men "Sirli qayg'u lug'ati"ning muallifiman.
01:40
which I've been writing for the last seven years.
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Uni so'ngi 7 yil davomida yozganman.
01:43
And the whole mission of the project
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Loyihaning maqsadi —
01:45
is to find holes in the language of emotion
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tildagi emotsiyalarni tasvirlovchi bo'shliqlarni qidirish,
01:51
and try to fill them
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ularni to'ldirish,
01:52
so that we have a way of talking about all those human peccadilloes
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til orqali biz xis qiladigan barcha nozikliklar
01:56
and quirks of the human condition
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va g'alati yoki murakkab hissiyotlarni
01:58
that we all feel but may not think to talk about
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ifoda eta olish uchun shu kabi so'zlarni
02:02
because we don't have the words to do it.
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o'ylab topishdir.
02:05
And about halfway through this project,
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Loyihaning o'rtalariga kelib,
02:07
I defined "sonder,"
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"sonder" so'ziga ta'rif berdim:
02:09
the idea that we all think of ourselves as the main character
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uning g'oyasi shundaki, hammamiz o'zimiz haqimizda asosiy qahramon
02:12
and everyone else is just extras.
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sifatida o'ylaymiz, qolganlar biz uchun statistlar.
02:15
But in reality, we're all the main character,
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Lekin aslida hammamiz asosiy qahramonlarmiz,
02:18
and you yourself are an extra in someone else's story.
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sizning o'zingiz esa kimningdir tarixida olomonsiz.
02:22
And so as soon as I published that,
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Buni nashr qilgach,
02:26
I got a lot of response from people
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juda ko'p insonlardan fikrlarini,
02:27
saying, "Thank you for giving voice to something I had felt all my life
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"Butun umr davomida his qilganlarimizni tushuntirib berganingiz uchun rahmat"
02:32
but there was no word for that."
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kabi tashakkurnomalar oldim. Ular
02:35
So it made them feel less alone.
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endi o'zini yolg'iz his qilmasdi.
02:37
That's the power of words,
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Mana so'zlarning kuchi nimada,
02:40
to make us feel less alone.
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ular yolg'izlik hissini yo'qotadi.
02:44
And it was not long after that
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Nashrdan keyin tez orada,
02:45
that I started to notice sonder
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"sonder" so'zini onlayn-muloqotda
02:47
being used earnestly in conversations online,
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jiddiy qo'llay boshlashganini guvohi bo'la boshladim.
02:52
and not long after I actually noticed it,
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Yana biroz vaqt o'tib esa
02:55
I caught it next to me in an actual conversation in person.
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men bu so'zni jonli muloqotda eshitib qoldim.
02:58
There is no stranger feeling than making up a word
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G'alati bir tuyg'u xis qilasiz, qachonki,
03:01
and then seeing it take on a mind of its own.
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siz o'ylab topgan so'z sizdan alohida yashashni boshlaganida.
03:05
I don't have a word for that yet, but I will.
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Menda buning uchun hozircha yangi so'z yo'q.
03:07
(Laughter)
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(Kulgu)
03:08
I'm working on it.
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Buning ustida ishlayman.
03:11
I started to think about what makes words real,
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Men so'zlarni nima real qilishi haqida o'ylanib qoldim,
03:15
because a lot of people ask me,
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bunday deb ko'pchilik
03:16
the most common thing I got from people is,
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so'rashiga sabab, ko'pincha:
03:19
"Well, are these words made up? I don't really understand."
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"Bu so'zlar o'ylab topilganmi? Negadir tushunmayapman".
03:22
And I didn't really know what to tell them
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Va men rostdan ham qanday javob berishni,
03:24
because once sonder started to take off,
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"sonder" qanday tilga kirganini bilmayman
03:26
who am I to say what words are real and what aren't.
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umuman so'zlarnining realligini baholashga haqlimanmi...
03:29
And so I sort of felt like Steve Jobs, who described his epiphany
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Natijada men o'zimni xuddi miyasiga yangi fikr kelgan Stiv Jobsdek his qildim.
03:34
as when he realized that most of us, as we go through the day,
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Hayotda ko'pchiligimiz boshimizni tez-tez
03:37
we just try to avoid bouncing against the walls too much
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devorga urilishidan qochishga harakat qilamiz,
03:40
and just sort of get on with things.
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va oldinga qarab intilamiz.
03:43
But once you realize that people --
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Va qachonki dunyo bizdan aqlliroq bo'lmagan insonlar
03:48
that this world was built by people no smarter than you,
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tomonidan yaratilganini tushunganingizda, qo'lingizni ko'tarib o'sha devorni
03:51
then you can reach out and touch those walls
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ushlaysiz, hattoki devorning narigi tomoniga
03:54
and even put your hand through them
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o'ta olishingiz, sizda dunyoni
03:55
and realize that you have the power to change it.
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o'zgartira olish uchun kuch borligini tushunasiz.
03:58
And when people ask me, "Are these words real?"
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Va menga "Bu so'zlar haqiqiymi?" deb savol berishganida, men bularga
04:02
I had a variety of answers that I tried out.
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javoblar qidirardim, va odatda javoblar
04:04
Some of them made sense. Some of them didn't.
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ba'zan aqlli, ba'zan be'mani bo'lardi.
04:06
But one of them I tried out was,
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Masalan:
04:08
"Well, a word is real if you want it to be real."
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"So'z aynan siz u haqiqiy bo'lishini xoxlaganingizda haqiqiyga aylanadi".
04:12
The way that this path is real because people wanted it to be there.
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Xuddi shu yo'lakdek: insonlar uni shu yerda bo'lishini istagani uchun u mavjud.
04:16
(Laughter)
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(Kulgu)
04:17
It happens on college campuses all the time.
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Talabalar shaharchasida bunday tekislik ko'p.
04:20
It's called a "desire path."
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Bu "orzu yo'lakchasi".
04:21
(Laughter)
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(Kulgu)
04:22
But then I decided, what people are really asking
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Keyin men shunday o'yladim: aslida so'zlarning
04:24
when they're asking if a word is real, they're really asking,
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haqiqiyligi borasida so'rayotib, ular bu so'zlarni
04:27
"Well, how many brains will this give me access to?"
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qanchalik darajada ishlata olishlari haqida bilishni xohlashadi.
04:32
Because I think that's a lot of how we look at language.
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Chunki, o'ylashimcha, biz tilni aynan shunday ishlatamiz.
04:35
A word is essentially a key
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So'z - bu kalitga o'xshaydi,
04:38
that gets us into certain people's heads.
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u bizga insonlarning fikrlarini ochadi.
04:41
And if it gets us into one brain,
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Agar so'zni faqat bitta inson tushunsa,
04:44
it's not really worth it,
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u unchalik ahamiyatli,
04:46
not really worth knowing.
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qimmatli emas.
04:47
Two brains, eh, it depends on who it is.
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Ikkita inson — ularning kim ekanliklariga bog'liq.
04:49
A million brains, OK, now we're talking.
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Million — yaxshi, bu boshqa gap.
04:52
And so a real word is one that gets you access to as many brains as you can.
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Natijada so'zlarning haqiqiyligi, uning qancha insonga tanish ekanligiga bog'liq.
04:59
That's what makes it worth knowing.
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Qanchalik ko'p bo'lsa, shuncha yaxshi, demak bu so'z shunga arziydi.
05:02
Incidentally, the realest word of all by this measure is this.
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Shu fikr bo'yicha biz aytishimiz mumkinki, eng haqiqiy so'z bu
05:06
[O.K.]
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[O.K.]
05:08
That's it.
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U mavjud so'zlar ichida
05:09
The realest word we have.
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eng haqiqiysidir.
05:10
That is the closest thing we have to a master key.
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U xuddi barcha eshiklarga kalitdek.
05:13
That's the most commonly understood word in the world,
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Dunyoning har bir burchagida har bir inson
05:16
no matter where you are.
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tushuna oladigan so'z.
05:17
The problem with that is,
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Muammo shundaki,
05:18
no one seems to know what those two letters stand for.
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bu ikkita harfning asl ma'nosini hech kim bilmaydi.
05:21
(Laughter)
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(Kulgu)
05:23
Which is kind of weird, right?
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Bu g'alati, shunday emasmi?
05:25
I mean, it could be a misspelling of "all correct," I guess,
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Bu «all correct» ning noto'g'ri yozilgan shakli bo'lishi mumkin,
05:29
or "old kinderhook."
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yoki "Old Kinderhook".
05:30
No one really seems to know, but the fact that it doesn't matter
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Hech kim bilmaydi, lekin bu muhim emas,
05:34
says something about how we add meaning to words.
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aslida o'zimiz uni turli ma'nolar bilan boyitamiz.
05:37
The meaning is not in the words themselves.
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Ma'no so'zning o'zida mujassam emas.
05:41
We're the ones that pour ourselves into it.
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Biz unga ma'no taqdim etamiz.
05:45
And I think, when we're all searching for meaning in our lives,
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O'ylaymanki, so'zlar bizga hayotimiz mazmunini
05:49
and searching for the meaning of life,
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topishda qaysidir darajada
05:51
I think words have something to do with that.
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yordam bera oladi.
05:55
And I think if you're looking for the meaning of something,
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Agar siz nimanidir ma'nosini qidirayotgan bo'lsangiz,
05:58
the dictionary is a decent place to start.
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lug'at siz uchun ajoyib yordamchi.
06:01
It brings a sense of order
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U bizga mazmun taqdim etadi va bu murakkab
06:03
to a very chaotic universe.
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dunyoda tartib o'rnatadi.
06:06
Our view of things is so limited
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Bizning narsalarga bo'lgan nazarimiz
06:09
that we have to come up with patterns and shorthands
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shunchalar chegaralangan, shartli ma'nolarga o'rganganmiz.
06:12
and try to figure out a way to interpret it
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Ba'zi sirlarni ochishga, keyin esa ularni
06:14
and be able to get on with our day.
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hayotimizda qo'llashga intilamiz.
06:17
We need words to contain us, to define ourselves.
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So'zlar bizga ko'proq ular bizni to'ldirib turishi uchun ham kerak.
06:21
I think a lot of us feel boxed in
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Menimcha ko'pchiligimiz o'zimizni ma'lum
06:24
by how we use these words.
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bir ramka ichida his qilamiz.
06:25
We forget that words are made up.
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So'zlar o'ylab topilgani haqida unutib qo'yamiz.
06:28
It's not just my words. All words are made up,
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Nafaqat mening so'zlarim, barcha so'zlar.
06:31
but not all of them mean something.
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Lekin ularning hammasi ham ma'no
06:33
We're all just sort of trapped in our own lexicons
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anglatmaydi. Hammamiz ham o'z leksikonimiz tuzog'ida joylashganmiz.
06:37
that don't necessarily correlate with people who aren't already like us,
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Va u boshqa insonlarniki bilan bir xil bo'lishi shart emas.
06:42
and so I think I feel us drifting apart a little more every year,
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Biz so'zlarni qanchalik jiddiy qabul qilsak,
06:47
the more seriously we take words.
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bu kabi farqlar yanada kattayaveradi.
06:51
Because remember, words are not real.
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Shuning uchun ham unutmangki: so'zlar haqiqiy emas.
06:55
They don't have meaning. We do.
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Ma'nolarni ular emas, biz saqlaymiz.
06:58
And I'd like to leave you with a reading
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Yakunda, sevimli faylasuflarimdan biri
07:01
from one of my favorite philosophers,
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Bill Uoterson, "Kelvin va Xobbs" komiksi
07:04
Bill Watterson, who created "Calvin and Hobbes."
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muallifining so'zlarini keltirmoqchiman.
07:06
He said,
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U shunday degan:
07:08
"Creating a life that reflects your values and satisfies your soul
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"Sizning qadriyatlaringizni aks ettirib, ruhingizni shod etadigan hayot qurish,
07:12
is a rare achievement.
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juda mushkul yutuq.
07:14
To invent your own life's meaning
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O'z hayot yo'lingizni o'ylab topish
07:16
is not easy,
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oson ish emas,
07:18
but it is still allowed,
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lekin iloji bor. Va o'ylaymanki,
07:20
and I think you'll be happier for the trouble."
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alabatta harakatlaringiz uchun taqdirlanasiz".
07:23
Thank you.
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Rahmat.
07:24
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
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