Michael Anti: Behind the Great Firewall of China

334,725 views ・ 2012-07-30

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:00
Translator: Thu-Huong Ha Reviewer: Jenny Zurawell
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Prevodilac: Stefan Lucic Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:16
In the past several days, I heard people talking about China.
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U poslednjih nekoliko dana, čuo sam ljude kako pričaju o Kini.
00:20
And also, I talked to friends about China and Chinese Internet.
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I ja sam takođe pričao sa prijateljima o Kini i kineskom internetu.
00:24
Something is very challenging to me.
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To je izazov za mene.
00:27
I want to make my friends understand:
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Želim da moji prijatelji razumeju:
00:30
China is complicated.
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Kina je komplikovana.
00:33
So I always want to tell the story, like,
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Zato uvek želim da pričam
00:35
one hand it is that, the other hand is that.
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sa jedne strane je ovako, sa druge onako.
00:39
You can't just tell a one sided story.
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Ne možete pričati jednostranu priču.
00:42
I'll give an example. China is a BRIC country.
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Daću vam primer. Kina je članica BRIK (cigla) saveza.
00:45
BRIC country means Brazil, Russia, India and China.
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BRIK znači Brazil, Rusija, Indija i Kina.
00:50
This emerging economy really is helping the revival of the world economy.
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Ovaj novi savez zaista pomaže u oživljavanju svetske ekonomije.
00:56
But at the same time, on the other hand,
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Ali u isto vreme,
00:59
China is a SICK country,
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Kina je SIKK (bolesna) država,
01:02
the terminology coined by Facebook IPO papers -- file.
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ovaj termin su skovali Fejsbukovi IPO radovi - fajlovi.
01:08
He said the SICK country means Syria, Iran, China and North Korea.
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Oni su rekli SIKK država znači Sirija, Iran, Kina i Severna Koreja.
01:14
The four countries have no access to Facebook.
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Ove četiri države nemaju pristup Fejsbuku.
01:19
So basically, China is a SICK BRIC country.
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U osnovi, Kina je bolesna cigla-država.
01:23
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:24
Another project was built up
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Još jedan projekat je stvoren
01:26
to watch China and Chinese Internet.
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da bi se posmatrala Kina i njen internet.
01:29
And now, today I want to tell you my personal
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Ja danas želim da vam ispričam svoja lična
01:32
observation in the past several years, from that wall.
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zapažanja u poslednjih nekoliko godina, sa tog zida.
01:37
So, if you are a fan of the Game of Thrones,
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Ako ste fan serije Igra prestola,
01:41
you definitely know how important a big wall is for an old kingdom.
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zasigurno znate značaj velikog zida za jedno staro kraljevstvo.
01:46
It prevents weird things from the north.
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On sprečava da dođu čudne stvari sa severa.
01:51
Same was true for China.
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Isto je bilo istina i za Kinu.
01:54
In the north, there was a great wall, Chang Cheng.
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Na severu, postojao je Čang Čeng, veliki zid.
01:58
It protected China from invaders for 2,000 years.
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Branio je Kinu od osvajača 2 000 godina.
02:03
But China also has a great firewall.
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Ali Kina takođe ima veliki fajervol,
02:07
That's the biggest digital boundary in the whole world.
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koji je najveća digitalna granica na celom svetu.
02:11
It's not only to defend the Chinese regime from overseas,
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Ne služi samo da odbrani kineski režim od prekomorskih uticaja,
02:16
from the universal values, but also to prevent
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od univerzalnih vrednosti, već i da spreči
02:19
China's own citizens to access the global free Internet,
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svoje građane da pristupe besplatnom globalnom internetu
02:23
and even separate themselves into blocks, not united.
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i da ih podeli na blokove, a ne ujedini.
02:28
So, basically the "Internet" has two Internets.
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U osnovi, internet obuhvata dva interneta.
02:33
One is the Internet, the other is the Chinanet.
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Jedan je internet, drugi je kinanet.
02:37
But if you think the Chinanet is something
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Ali ako smatrate da je kinanet nešto poput
02:40
like a deadland, wasteland, I think it's wrong.
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pustoši, mislim da grešite.
02:47
But we also use a very simple metaphor, the cat and the mouse game,
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Mi takođe koristimo jednu jednostavnu metaforu, igru mačke i miša,
02:53
to describe in the past 15 years
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kako bismo opisali poslednjih 15 godina
02:56
the continuing fight between Chinese
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neprestane borbe između kineske
02:59
censorship, government censorship, the cat,
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cenzure, vladine cenzure, mačke,
03:02
and the Chinese Internet users. That means us, the mouse.
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i kineskih korisnika interneta. Mi korisnici smo miš.
03:08
But sometimes this kind of a metaphor is too simple.
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Ali, ponekad je ova metafora previše jednostavna.
03:13
So today I want to upgrade it to 2.0 version.
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Stoga danas želim da je poboljšam na 2.0 verziju.
03:18
In China, we have 500 million Internet users.
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U Kini postoji 500 miliona internet korisnika.
03:22
That's the biggest population of Netizens, Internet users, in the whole world.
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To je najveća populacija netizena, internet korisnika, na celom svetu.
03:27
So even though China's is a totally censored Internet,
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Bez obzira na to što je kineski internet potpuno cenzurisan,
03:32
but still, Chinese Internet society is really booming.
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kineska internet zajednica zaista cveta.
03:36
How to make it? It's simple.
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Kako to? Jednostavno.
03:39
You have Google, we have Baidu.
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Vi imate Gugl, mi imamo Baidu.
03:41
You have Twitter, we have Weibo.
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Vi imate Tviter, mi imamo Weibo.
03:44
You have Facebook, we have Renren.
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Vi imate Fejsbuk, mi imamo Renren.
03:47
You have YouTube, we have Youku and Tudou.
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Vi imate Jutjub, mi imamo Jouku i Tudou.
03:53
The Chinese government blocked every
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Kineska vlada je blokirala
03:57
single international Web 2.0 service,
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svaki internacionalni veb 2.0 servis,
04:01
and we Chinese copycat every one.
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a mi imamo kinesku verziju svakog.
04:04
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:05
So, that's the kind of the thing I call smart censorship.
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To je tip onoga što ja zovem pametna cenzura.
04:10
That's not only to censor you.
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Ona ne cenzuriše samo.
04:13
Sometimes this Chinese national Internet policy is very simple:
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Ponekad je ova kineska internet politika veoma jednostavna:
04:18
Block and clone.
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blokiraj i kloniraj.
04:20
On the one hand, he wants to satisfy people's need of a social network,
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Sa jedne strane, ona želi da zadovolji potrebu ljudi za društvenim mrežama,
04:25
which is very important; people really love social networking.
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što je veoma važno, ljudi mnogo vole društvene mreže.
04:29
But on the other hand, they want to keep the server
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Ali sa druge strane, oni žele da zadrže server
04:32
in Beijing so they can access the data any time they want.
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u Pekingu kako bi imali pristup podacima kada god oni to požele.
04:36
That's also the reason Google was pulled out from China,
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To je i razlog zbog kog se Gugl povukao iz Kine,
04:40
because they can't accept the fact
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oni ne mogu da prihvate činjenicu
04:42
that Chinese government wants to keep the server.
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da kineska vlada želi da zadrži server.
04:47
Sometimes the Arab dictators didn't understand these two hands.
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Arapski diktatori ponekad nisu razumeli ova dva pravila.
04:52
For example, Mubarak, he shut down the Internet.
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Na primer, Mubarak je isključio internet.
04:56
He wanted to prevent the Netizens [from criticizing] him.
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Želeo je da spreči netizene da ga kritikuju.
04:59
But once Netizens can't go online, they go in the street.
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Ali kada netizeni ne mogu da odu onlajn, oni izlaze na ulice.
05:05
And now the result is very simple.
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Rezultat je očigledan.
05:08
We all know Mubarak is technically dead.
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Svi znamo da je Mubarak praktično mrtav.
05:14
But also, Ben Ali, Tunisian president,
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Ben Ali, tuniski predsednik, takođe
05:18
didn't follow the second rule.
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nije poštovao drugo pravilo.
05:20
That means keep the server in your hands.
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Pravilo o zadržavanju servera u svojim rukama.
05:24
He allowed Facebook, a U.S.-based service,
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Dozvolio je Fejsbuku, servisu iz SAD-a,
05:30
to continue to stay on inside of Tunisia.
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da ostane u Tunisu.
05:33
So he can't prevent it, his own citizens to post
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I stoga on ne može da spreči svoje građane da postavljaju
05:37
critical videos against his corruption.
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kritičke video zapise o njegovoj korupciji.
05:40
The same thing happend. He was the first
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Ista stvar se desila. On je bio prvi koji
05:44
to topple during the Arab Spring.
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je oboren tokom arapskog proleća.
05:47
But those two very smart international censorship policies
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Ali ta dva veoma pametna pravila cenzure
05:52
didn't prevent Chinese social media [from] becoming a really public sphere,
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nisu sprečila kineske društvene mreže da postanu društvene sfere,
05:58
a pathway of public opinion and the nightmare of Chinese officials.
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mesta za izražavanje mišljenja i noćna mora kineskih zvaničnika.
06:04
Because we have 300 million microbloggers in China.
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Zato što imamo 300 miliona mikroblogera u Kini.
06:08
It's the entire population of the United States.
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To je čitava populacija Sjedinjenih Američkih Država.
06:12
So when these 300 million people, microbloggers,
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Kada ovih 300 miliona ljudi, mikroblogera,
06:16
even they block the tweet in our censored platform.
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čak i oni blokiraju tvitove na našoj cenzurisanoj platformi.
06:21
But itself -- the Chinanet -- but itself can create
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Kinanet sam može da stvori
06:25
very powerful energy, which has never happened
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veoma moćnu energiju, što se nikada nije desilo
06:29
in the Chinese history.
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u kineskoj istoriji.
06:31
2011, in July, two [unclear] trains crashed,
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2011, u julu, dva [nerazumljivo] voza su se sudarila
06:35
in Wenzhou, a southern city.
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u Venžouu, gradu na jugu.
06:38
Right after the train crash,
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Odmah nakon nesreće
06:39
authorities literally wanted to cover up the train, bury the train.
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vlasti su bukvalno htele da sakriju ceo voz, da ga zakopaju.
06:44
So it angered the Chinese Netizens.
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To je naljutilo kineske netizene.
06:46
The first five days after the train crash,
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Prvih pet dana nakon nesreće
06:49
there were 10 million criticisms of the posting
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pojavilo se 10 miliona kritika
06:54
on social media, which never happened in Chinese history.
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na društvenim mrežama što se nikada nije desilo u kineskoj istoriji.
06:57
And later this year, the rail minister
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Kasnije te godine, ministar železnice
07:01
was sacked and sentenced to jail for 10 years.
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je otpušten i osuđen na 10 godina zatvora.
07:06
And also, recently, very funny debate between
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Takođe, u skorije vreme, desila se veoma smešna rasprava između
07:11
the Beijing Environment Ministry
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pekinškog ministarstva za okolinu i
07:14
and the American Embassy in Beijing
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američke ambasade u Pekingu
07:18
because the Ministry blamed
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jer je ministarstvo okrivilo
07:20
the American Embassy for intervening in
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američku ambasadu za mešanje
07:22
Chinese internal politics by disclosing
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u kinesku unutrašnju politiku, objavivši
07:26
the air quality data of Beijing.
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kvalitet vazduha u Pekingu.
07:29
So, the up is the Embassy data, the PM 2.5.
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Ovo gore su podaci ambasade, vreme je 14:30.
07:35
He showed 148, they showed it's dangerous for the sensitive group.
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Oni su pokazali 148, pokazali su da je opasno za osetljive ljude.
07:41
So a suggestion, it's not good to go outside.
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Predlog je da se ne izlazi napolje.
07:45
But that is the Ministry's data. He shows 50.
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A ovo su podaci ministarstva. Oni pokazuju 50.
07:51
He says it's good. It's good to go outside.
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Oni govore da je vazduh dobar. Dobro je izaći napolje.
07:54
But 99 percent of Chinese microbloggers
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99 procenata kineskih mikroblogera
07:58
stand firmly on the Embassy's side.
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je odlučno stalo na stranu ambasade.
08:01
I live in Beijing. Every day, I just watch
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Ja živim u Pekingu. Svaki dan gledam
08:06
the American Embassy's data to decide whether I should open my window.
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podatke američke ambasade da odlučim da li da otvorim svoj prozor.
08:15
Why is Chinese social networking, even within the censorship,
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Zašto kineske društvene mreže i pored cenzura
08:19
so booming? Part of the reason is Chinese languages.
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cvetaju? Deo razloga je kineski jezik.
08:23
You know, Twitter and Twitter clones have a kind of
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Tviter i tviterovi klonovi imaju
08:27
a limitation of 140 characters.
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ograničenje na 140 karaktera.
08:30
But in English it's 20 words or a sentence with a short link.
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Na engleskom je to 20 reči ili rečenica sa skraćenim linkom.
08:34
Maybe in Germany, in German language, it may be just "Aha!"
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Možda je na nemačkom to samo "Aha!"
08:37
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:40
But in Chinese language, it's really about 140 characters,
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Na kineskom jeziku 140 karaktera čini
08:45
means a paragraph, a story.
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jedan pasus, priču.
08:48
You can almost have all the journalistic elements there.
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Skoro da možete imati sve elemente novinarstva.
08:52
For example, this is Hamlet, of Shakespeare.
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Na primer, ovo je Šekspirov Hamlet.
08:56
It's the same content. One, you can see exactly
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To je isti deo. Možete videti da je
09:00
one Chinese tweet is equal to 3.5 English tweets.
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jedan kineski tvit kao 3,5 engleskih tvitova.
09:06
Chinese is always cheating, right?
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Kinezi uvek varaju, zar ne?
09:09
So because of this, the Chinese really regard this
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Zbog ovoga Kinezi ovo mikroblogovanje
09:13
microblogging as a media, not only a headline to media.
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smatraju kao medij, a ne samo naslov medija.
09:18
And also, the clone, Sina company is
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Sina kompanija je
09:22
the guy who cloned Twitter.
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čovek koji je klonirao Tviter.
09:24
It even has its own name, with Weibo.
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Klon čak ima i svoje ime, Veibo.
09:27
"Weibo" is the Chinese translation for "microblog".
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,,Veibo" je kineska reč za mikroblog.
09:29
It has its own innovation.
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On ima svoje inovacije.
09:31
At the commenting area, [it makes] the Chinese Weibo
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Oblast za komentarisanje kineskog Veiba
09:35
more like Facebook, rather than the original Twitter.
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više liči na Fejsbuk nego na Tviter.
09:38
So these innovations and clones, as the Weibo and microblogging,
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Kada su ove inovacije i klonovi, kao što su Veibo i mikroblogovanje,
09:43
when it came to China in 2009,
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stigli u Kinu 2009. godine,
09:45
it immediately became a media platform itself.
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odmah su postali medijska platforma.
09:49
It became the media platform of 300 million readers.
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Postali su medijska platforma za 300 miliona čitalaca.
09:53
It became the media.
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Postali su glavni medij.
09:55
Anything not mentioned in Weibo,
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Ono što se ne pojavi na Veibu i
09:58
it does not appear to exist for the Chinese public.
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ne postoji za kinesku javnost.
10:03
But also, Chinese social media is
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Kineske društvene mreže
10:05
really changing Chinese mindsets and Chinese life.
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menjaju kineski način život i razmišljanja.
10:10
For example, they give the voiceless people
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Daju nemim ljudima način
10:13
a channel to make your voice heard.
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da se i njihov glas čuje.
10:16
We had a petition system. It's a remedy outside the judicial system,
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Imali smo sistem peticija. To je lek van sudskog sistema
10:21
because the Chinese central government wants to keep a myth:
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jer kineska vlada želi da održi mit:
10:25
The emperor is good. The old local officials are thugs.
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,,Vladar je dobar. Stari, lokalni zvaničnici su razbojnici."
10:29
So that's why the petitioner, the victims, the peasants,
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Zato podnosioci peticije, žrtve, seljaci
10:33
want to take the train to Beijing to petition to the central government,
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žele da odu do Pekinga kako bi peticiju predali vlasti,
10:36
they want the emperor to settle the problem.
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žele da vladar reši problem.
10:39
But when more and more people go to Beijing,
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Ali kada sve više i više ljudi odlazi u Peking,
10:42
they also cause the risk of a revolution.
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oni stvaraju rizik od revolucije.
10:45
So they send them back in recent years.
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Zato ih poslednjih godina vraćaju nazad.
10:48
And even some of them were put into black jails.
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Neke su čak i hapsili.
10:52
But now we have Weibo, so I call it the Weibo petition.
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Ali sada imamo Veibo, koji ja zovem Veibo peticija.
10:55
People just use their cell phones to tweet.
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Ljudi koriste svoje mobilne telefone kako bi tvitovali.
10:58
So your sad stories, by some chance your story
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Tako da vašu priču mogu
11:02
will be picked up by reporters, professors or celebrities.
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da primete reporteri, profesori ili slavne ličnosti.
11:05
One of them is Yao Chen,
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Jedna od njih je Jao Čen,
11:07
she is the most popular microblogger in China,
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najpopularniji mikrobloger u Kini,
11:11
who has about 21 million followers.
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koja ima oko 21 milion pratilaca.
11:15
They're almost like a national TV station.
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Ona je skoro kao nacionalna TV stanica.
11:18
If you -- so a sad story will be picked up by her.
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Tako da ona može da razglasi vašu priču.
11:22
So this Weibo social media, even in the censorship,
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Ova Veibo društvena mreža, čak i pored cenzure,
11:26
still gave the Chinese a real chance for 300 million people
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daje priliku Kinezima, 300 miliona ljudi,
11:32
every day chatting together, talking together.
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da se svakog dana dopisuju, pričaju.
11:35
It's like a big TED, right?
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Nešto kao veliki TED, zar ne?
11:38
But also, it is like the first time a public sphere
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Ali to je takođe prvi put da se velika društvena sfera
11:42
happened in China.
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pojavila u Kini.
11:44
Chinese people start to learn how to negotiate
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Kinezi počinju da uče kako da pregovaraju
11:47
and talk to people.
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i da pričaju sa ljudima.
11:50
But also, the cat, the censorship, is not sleeping.
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Ali u isto vreme, mačka, cenzura, ne spava.
11:54
It's so hard to post some sensitive words on the Chinese Weibo.
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Veoma je teško postaviti neke ,,osetljive" reči na Veibo.
11:58
For example, you can't post the name of the president,
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Na primer, ne možete postaviti ime predsednika,
12:01
Hu Jintao, and also you can't post the city of Chongqing, the name,
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Hu Jintao i takođe ne možete postaviti ime grada Čongćing,
12:07
and until recently, you can't search the surname of top leaders.
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a do skoro niste mogli ni da vršite pretragu prezimena najviših rukovodilaca.
12:11
So, the Chinese are very good at these puns
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Kinezi su veoma vešti u šalama
12:16
and alternative wording and even memes.
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i alternativnim imenima, čak i memama.
12:19
They even name themselves -- you know,
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Čak i daju sebi imena,
12:22
use the name of this world-changing
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iskoristite ime ove teške bitke
12:24
battle between the grass-mud horse and the river crab.
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između lame i rečne krabe.
12:28
The grass-mud horse is caoníma,
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Lama je ,,caonima",
12:30
is the phonogram for motherfucker,
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fonogram za mamojebac,
12:33
the Netizens call themselves.
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netizeni sebe nazivaju tako.
12:39
River crab is héxiè, is the phonogram for
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Rečna kraba je ,,hešie", fonogram za
12:42
harmonization, for censorship.
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usklađivanje, cenzuru.
12:45
So that's kind of a caoníma versus the héxiè, that's very good.
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To je onda bitka između caonima i hešie, dobra šala.
12:50
So, when some very political, exciting moments happened,
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Kada se desi nešto politički zanimljivo,
12:56
you can see on Weibo, you see a lot of very weird stories happened.
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na Veibu možete videti mnogo čudnih priča.
13:01
Weird phrases and words, even if you have a PhD
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Čudne fraze i reči, čak i da imate doktorat
13:06
of Chinese language, you can't understand them.
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iz kineskog jezika, ne biste ih razumeli.
13:10
But you can't even expand more, no, because
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Ali više ne može da se širi jer je
13:13
Chinese Sina Weibo, when it was founded
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kineski Sina Veibo osnovan
13:16
was exactly one month after the official blocking of Twitter.com.
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tačno mesec dana nakon zvaničnog blokiranja Tvitera.
13:21
That means from the very beginning,
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To znači da je od samog početka
13:23
Weibo has already convinced the Chinese government,
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Veibo ubedio kinesku vladu
13:27
we will not become the stage for
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da neće postati pozornica
13:30
any kind of a threat to the regime.
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za bilo kakvu pretnju režimu.
13:32
For example, anything you want to post,
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Na primer, sve što želite da postavite,
13:34
like "get together" or "meet up" or "walk,"
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,,sresti se" ili ,,okupiti se" ili ,,šetnja"
13:37
it is automatically recorded and data mined
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automatski se beleži i
13:42
and reported to a poll for further political analyzing.
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prijavljuje za dalje političko analiziranje.
13:48
Even if you want to have some gathering,
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Čak i ako želite da se okupite,
13:50
before you go there, the police are already waiting for you.
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pre nego što dođete tamo, policija vas već čeka.
13:54
Why? Because they have the data.
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Zašto? Zato što imaju podatke.
13:56
They have everything in their hands.
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Sve imaju u svojim rukama.
13:58
So they can use the 1984 scenario data mining of the dissident.
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Mogu da koriste scenario iz ,,1984." za prikupljanje podataka disidenata.
14:04
So the crackdown is very serious.
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Obračun je veoma ozbiljan.
14:08
But I want you to notice a very funny thing
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Ali želim da uvidite jednu veoma smešnu stvar
14:10
during the process of the cat-and-mouse.
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u bici između mačke i miša.
14:13
The cat is the censorship, but Chinese is not only one cat,
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Mačka, cenzura, nije jedina mačka
14:17
but also has local cats. Central cat and local cats.
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već postoje i lokalne mačke. Centralna mačka i lokalne mačke.
14:21
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
14:23
You know, the server is in the [central] cats' hands,
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Server je u rukama centralne mačke
14:26
so even that -- when the Netizens criticize the local government,
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pa kada netizeni kritikuju lokalnu vlast,
14:31
the local government has not any access to the data in Beijing.
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lokalna vlast nema pristup podacima u Pekingu.
14:35
Without bribing the central cats,
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Bez podmićivanja centralnih mačaka,
14:37
he can do nothing, only apologize.
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ona ne može ništa osim da se izvinjava.
14:40
So these three years, in the past three years,
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Stoga su u poslednje tri godine
14:43
social movements about microblogging
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društveni pokreti o mikroblogovanju
14:46
really changed local government,
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stvarno promenili lokalnu vlast,
14:48
became more and more transparent,
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ona je postala transparentnija
14:50
because they can't access the data.
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jer nema pristup podacima.
14:53
The server is in Beijing.
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Server je u Pekingu.
14:57
The story about the train crash,
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U priči o železničkoj nesreći,
14:58
maybe the question is not about why 10 million
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pitanje nije zašto 10 miliona
15:02
criticisms in five days, but why the Chinese central government
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kritika u pet dana već zašto je kineska centralna vlast
15:06
allowed the five days of freedom of speech online.
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dozvolila pet dana slobode govora na internetu.
15:09
It's never happened before.
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To se nikada do sada nije desilo.
15:11
And so it's very simple, because even the top leaders
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Veoma je jednostavno, čak je i vrhovnim rukovodiocima
15:14
were fed up with this guy, this independent kingdom.
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bilo dosta ovog lika, njegovog nezavisnog kraljevstva.
15:18
So they want an excuse --
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Zato su želeli izgovor -
15:20
public opinion is a very good excuse to punish him.
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javno mnjenje je veoma dobar izgovor za kaznu.
15:23
But also, the Bo Xilai case recently, very big news,
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Ali takođe, Bo Šilai slučaj nedavno, velike novosti,
15:26
he's a princeling.
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on je kneščić.
15:27
But from February to April this year,
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Od februara do aprila ove godine
15:31
Weibo really became a marketplace of rumors.
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Veibo je postao tržište glasina.
15:34
You can almost joke everything about these princelings,
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Možete da se šalite na račun ovih kneščića,
15:38
everything! It's almost like you're living in the United States.
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o bilo čemu! Kao da živite u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama.
15:41
But if you dare to retweet or mention any fake coup
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Ali ako se usudite da tvitujete ili pomenete nešto neistinito
15:46
about Beijing, you definitely will be arrested.
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o Pekingu, sigurno ćete biti uhapšeni.
15:50
So this kind of freedom is a targeted and precise window.
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Ova vrsta slobode je ciljana i ima precizan okvir.
15:55
So Chinese in China, censorship is normal.
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Kinezima u Kini, cenzura je normalna stvar.
15:59
Something you find is, freedom is weird.
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Sloboda je čudna.
16:02
Something will happen behind it.
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Nešto će se desiti iza nje.
16:04
Because he was a very popular Leftist leader,
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On je bio veoma popularan levičarski vođa,
16:07
so the central government wanted to purge him,
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a centralna vlast je želela da izvrši čistku,
16:09
and he was very cute, he convinced all the Chinese people,
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a on je bio veoma ljubak, ubedio je Kineze
16:13
why he is so bad.
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zašto je tako loš.
16:15
So Weibo, the 300 million public sphere,
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Veibo, društvena sfera od 300 miliona ljudi,
16:19
became a very good, convenient tool for a political fight.
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je postao veoma zgodna alatka za političku borbu.
16:23
But this technology is very new,
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Ova tehnologija je veoma nova,
16:26
but technically is very old.
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ali je tehnički veoma stara.
16:27
It was made famous by Chairman Mao, Mao Zedong,
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Napravio ju je poznati predsednik Mao, Mao Cedung,
16:30
because he mobilized millions of Chinese people
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on je mobilizovao milione Kineza
16:33
in the Cultural Revolution to destroy every local government.
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u kulturnoj revoluciji kako bi uništio sve lokalne vlasti.
16:37
It's very simple, because Chinese central government
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Veoma je jednostavno, kineska centralna vlast
16:40
doesn't need to even lead the public opinion.
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uopšte ne mora da vodi javno mnjenje.
16:42
They just give them a target window to not censor people.
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Samo daju precizan okvir u kom ne cenzurišu ljude.
16:47
Not censoring in China has become a political tool.
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Necenzurisanje je u Kini postalo politička alatka.
16:53
So that's the update about this game, cat-and-mouse.
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To su novosti u ovoj igri mačke i miša.
16:57
Social media changed Chinese mindset.
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Društvene mreže su promenile način razmišljanja Kineza.
16:59
More and more Chinese intend to embrace freedom of speech
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Sve više Kineza namerava da prihvati slobodu govora
17:02
and human rights as their birthright,
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i ljudskih prava kao svoje pravo stečeno rođenjem,
17:04
not some imported American privilege.
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a ne kao uvoznu američku privilegiju.
17:08
But also, it gave the Chinese a national public sphere
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Takođe je Kinezima dalo nacionalnu društvenu sferu
17:12
for people to, it's like a training of their citizenship,
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u kojoj se ljudi, poput treniranja svog državljanstva,
17:16
preparing for future democracy.
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pripremaju za buduću demokratiju.
17:19
But it didn't change the Chinese political system,
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Ali nije promenila kineski politički sistem
17:21
and also the Chinese central government utilized this
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i kineska centralna vlast takođe koristi
17:24
centralized server structure to strengthen its power
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ovu centralizovanu strukturu servera kako bi ojačala svoju moć
17:28
to counter the local government and the different factions.
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suprotstavljanja lokalnoj vlasti i drugim frakcijama.
17:33
So, what's the future?
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Kakva je onda budućnost?
17:36
After all, we are the mouse.
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Na kraju krajeva, mi smo miš.
17:38
Whatever the future is, we should fight against the [cat].
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Kakva god budućnost bila, mi bi trebalo da se borimo protiv mačke.
17:42
There is not only in China, but also in the United States
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Ne samo u Kini, već i u Sjedinjenim Državama
17:45
there are some very small, cute but bad cats.
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postoje male i ljupke, ali zle mačke.
17:50
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
17:52
SOPA, PIPA, ACTA, TPP and ITU.
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SOPA, PIPA, ACTA, TPP i ITU.
17:59
And also, like Facebook and Google, they claim they are friends of the mouse,
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I takođe, poput Fejsbuka i Gugla, oni tvrde da su prijatelji miša,
18:04
but sometimes we see them dating the cats.
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ali ih ponekad vidimo sa mačkama.
18:08
So my conclusion is very simple.
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Moj zaključak je jednostavan.
18:11
We Chinese fight for our freedom,
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Mi, Kinezi, se borimo za svoju slobodu,
18:14
you just watch your bad cats.
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vi samo gledate svoje zle mačke.
18:18
Don't let them hook [up] with the Chinese cats.
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Ne dozvolite im da se povežu sa kineskim mačkama.
18:21
Only in this way, in the future,
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Samo tako ćemo u budućnosti
18:24
we will achieve the dreams of the mouse:
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ostvariti snove miša:
18:27
that we can tweet anytime, anywhere, without fear.
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moći ćemo da tvitujemo bilo kad i bilo gde bez straha.
18:31
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
18:38
Thank you.
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Hvala.
18:40
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
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