Michael Anti: Behind the Great Firewall of China

334,137 views ・ 2012-07-30

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Thu-Huong Ha Reviewer: Jenny Zurawell
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λ²ˆμ—­: Haeyeol Jung κ²€ν† : Amy Ko
00:16
In the past several days, I heard people talking about China.
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μ§€λ‚œ λͺ‡μΌκ°„, μ €λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 쀑ꡭ에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λŠ”κ±Έ λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
And also, I talked to friends about China and Chinese Internet.
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그리고 λ˜ν•œ μ €λŠ” μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ 쀑ꡭ과 μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 인터넷에 κ΄€ν•˜μ—¬ μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
Something is very challenging to me.
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μ €λŠ” 무언가에 ꡉμž₯히 μ˜λ¬Έμ„ κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
I want to make my friends understand:
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μ €λŠ” 제 친ꡬλ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄μ‹œν‚€κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
China is complicated.
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쀑ꡭ은 λ³΅μž‘ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것.
00:33
So I always want to tell the story, like,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ €λŠ” 항상 이 이야기λ₯Ό μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
one hand it is that, the other hand is that.
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ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 이렇고, λ‹€λ₯Έν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 이렇닀.
00:39
You can't just tell a one sided story.
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였직 ν•œμͺ½μ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ§Œμ„ ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
I'll give an example. China is a BRIC country.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 쀑ꡭ은 BRIC κ΅­κ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
BRIC country means Brazil, Russia, India and China.
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BRICλŠ” 브라질, λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„, 인도, 쀑ꡭ을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
This emerging economy really is helping the revival of the world economy.
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이 μ‹ ν₯ κ²½μ œλŠ” 세계 경제의 νšŒμƒμ„ 돕고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
But at the same time, on the other hand,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ™μ‹œμ— λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ”,
00:59
China is a SICK country,
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쀑ꡭ은 SICK κ΅­κ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
the terminology coined by Facebook IPO papers -- file.
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페이슀뢁의 IPO μ„œλ₯˜ νŒŒμΌμ— μ˜ν•΄ μƒκ²¨λ‚œ μš©μ–΄ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
He said the SICK country means Syria, Iran, China and North Korea.
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κ·Έ μ„œλ₯˜μ— μ˜ν•˜λ©΄, SICK κ΅­κ°€λŠ” μ‹œλ¦¬μ•„, μ΄λž€, 쀑ꡭ 그리고 λΆν•œμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
The four countries have no access to Facebook.
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이 λ„€ ꡭ가듀에겐 페이슀뢁으둜의 μ ‘κ·ΌκΆŒν•œμ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
So basically, China is a SICK BRIC country.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 기본적으둜, 쀑ꡭ은 SICK BRIC κ΅­κ°€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:24
Another project was built up
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쀑ꡭ과 μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 인터넷을 μ£Όμ‹œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ
01:26
to watch China and Chinese Internet.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈκ°€ κΈ°νšλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
And now, today I want to tell you my personal
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그리고 μ§€κΈˆ, 였늘 μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ κ·Έ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ—μ„œμ˜
01:32
observation in the past several years, from that wall.
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μ§€λ‚œ λͺ‡λ…„κ°„μ˜ 제 개인적인 견해λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
So, if you are a fan of the Game of Thrones,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ Game of Thrones의 νŒ¬μ΄μ‹œλΌλ©΄,
01:41
you definitely know how important a big wall is for an old kingdom.
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큰 성벽이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œμ§€λ₯Ό λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ μ•„μ‹€κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
It prevents weird things from the north.
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그것은 뢁μͺ½μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ˜€λŠ” κΈ°κ΄΄ν•œ 것듀을 λ§‰μ•„λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
Same was true for China.
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œλ„ μ΄λŠ” λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€ μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
In the north, there was a great wall, Chang Cheng.
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뢁μͺ½μ˜ 만리μž₯μ„±, 창쳉.
01:58
It protected China from invaders for 2,000 years.
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이것은 2,000λ…„κ°„ μΉ¨μž…μžλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 쀑ꡭ을 λ³΄ν˜Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
But China also has a great firewall.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ€‘κ΅­μ—λŠ” 인터넷 만리μž₯μ„±(쀑ꡭ λ‹Ήκ΅­μ˜ 인터넷 κ²€μ—΄ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨)도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
That's the biggest digital boundary in the whole world.
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세계 전체λ₯Ό 톡틀어 κ°€μž₯ 큰 디지털 경계선 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
It's not only to defend the Chinese regime from overseas,
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이것은 ν•΄μ™Έμ˜ 보편적 κ°€μΉ˜κ΄€λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ μ •κΆŒμ„
02:16
from the universal values, but also to prevent
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λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, 쀑ꡭ ꡭ민듀을
02:19
China's own citizens to access the global free Internet,
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μ„Έμƒμ˜ 자유둜운 μΈν„°λ„·μœΌλ‘œ μ ‘κ·Όν•˜λŠ” 것을 막고,
02:23
and even separate themselves into blocks, not united.
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그곳에 속할 수 없도둝 그듀을 κ²©λ¦¬μ‹œν‚€κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
So, basically the "Internet" has two Internets.
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근본적으둜 β€œμΈν„°λ„·β€μ—λŠ” 두 가지 μœ ν˜•μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
One is the Internet, the other is the Chinanet.
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 인터넷, λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 쀑ꡭ μΈν„°λ„·μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
But if you think the Chinanet is something
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 쀑ꡭ 인터넷을 뢈λͺ¨μ§€, ν™©λ¬΄μ§€μ²˜λŸΌ
02:40
like a deadland, wasteland, I think it's wrong.
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μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹ λ‹€λ©΄, 그건 μ˜€μ‚°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
But we also use a very simple metaphor, the cat and the mouse game,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 쀑ꡭ μ •λΆ€μ˜ 검열을 고양이에,
02:53
to describe in the past 15 years
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 인터넷 μ‚¬μš©μžλ“€μ„ μ₯μ— λΉ—λŒ€μ–΄
02:56
the continuing fight between Chinese
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μ§€λ‚œ 15λ…„κ°„ μ§€μ†λ˜μ–΄μ˜¨ μ΄λ“€μ˜ 싸움을
02:59
censorship, government censorship, the cat,
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λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 고양이와 μ₯μ˜ κ²Œμž„μœΌλ‘œ
03:02
and the Chinese Internet users. That means us, the mouse.
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λΉ„μœ ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
But sometimes this kind of a metaphor is too simple.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 가끔 이런 λΉ„μœ λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ‹¨μ‘°λ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
So today I want to upgrade it to 2.0 version.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 였늘 이λ₯Ό 두 번째 λ²„μ „μœΌλ‘œ μ—…κ·Έλ ˆμ΄λ“œ ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
In China, we have 500 million Internet users.
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μ€‘κ΅­μ—λŠ” 인터넷 μ‚¬μš©μžλ“€μ˜ μˆ˜κ°€ 5얡에 λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
That's the biggest population of Netizens, Internet users, in the whole world.
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μ΄λŠ” μ „ 세계λ₯Ό 톡틀어 κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€ 수의 λ„€ν‹°μ¦Œ, 인터넷 μ‚¬μš©μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
So even though China's is a totally censored Internet,
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 인터넷이 μ² μ €νžˆ 검열을 받을지라도,
03:32
but still, Chinese Internet society is really booming.
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 인터넷 μ‚¬νšŒλŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ 뢐 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
How to make it? It's simple.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”? 그건 κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
You have Google, we have Baidu.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ² ꡬ글이 있고, 우린 바이두가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
You have Twitter, we have Weibo.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ² νŠΈμœ„ν„°, 우린 웨이보가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
You have Facebook, we have Renren.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ² 페이슀뢁, 우린 렌렌이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
You have YouTube, we have Youku and Tudou.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ² 유투브, 우린 μœ μΏ μ™€ 토두가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
The Chinese government blocked every
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쀑ꡭ μ •λΆ€λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  단일
03:57
single international Web 2.0 service,
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인터내셔널 μ›Ή 2.0 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ°¨λ‹¨ν–ˆκ³ ,
04:01
and we Chinese copycat every one.
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우리 쀑ꡭ인듀은 λͺ¨λ“  κ±Έ λͺ¨λ°©ν•΄μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
04:05
So, that's the kind of the thing I call smart censorship.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀을 μ €λŠ” 슀마트 검열이라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
That's not only to censor you.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ κ²€μ—΄ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλΏλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
Sometimes this Chinese national Internet policy is very simple:
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 보면, 이 쀑ꡭ 인터넷 정책은 맀우 κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
Block and clone.
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차단과 볡제.
04:20
On the one hand, he wants to satisfy people's need of a social network,
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ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘ , μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ 인기둜 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•΄μ§„
04:25
which is very important; people really love social networking.
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μ†Œμ…œ λ„€νŠΈμ›μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ ν•„μš”λ₯Ό μΆ©μ‘±μ‹œν‚€λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
But on the other hand, they want to keep the server
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œ, 그듀은 그듀이 원할 λ•Œ μ–Έμ œλ“ μ§€ 데이터에 μ ‘κ·Όν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
04:32
in Beijing so they can access the data any time they want.
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κ·Έ μ„œλ²„λ₯Ό 베이징에 μ†Œμœ ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
That's also the reason Google was pulled out from China,
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μ΄λŠ” ꡬ글이 μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œ μ² μˆ˜ν•œ μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
because they can't accept the fact
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ ꡬ글은 쀑ꡭ μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ„œλ²„ μ†Œμœ μ—
04:42
that Chinese government wants to keep the server.
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λ™μ˜λ₯Ό ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
Sometimes the Arab dictators didn't understand these two hands.
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μ•„λžμ˜ λ…μž¬μžλ“€μ€ 이 두 방법을 λͺ°λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
For example, Mubarak, he shut down the Internet.
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무바락을 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, κ·ΈλŠ” 인터넷을 νμ‡„μ‹œμΌœλ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
He wanted to prevent the Netizens [from criticizing] him.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ„€ν‹°μ¦Œλ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ₯Ό λΉ„λ‚œν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ°©μ§€ν•˜κ³ μž ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
But once Netizens can't go online, they go in the street.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ„€ν‹°μ¦Œλ“€μ΄ μ˜¨λΌμΈμ— 접속할 수 μ—†κ²Œ 되자, 거리둜 λ‚˜κ°€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
And now the result is very simple.
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그리고 μ§€κΈˆ κ·Έ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 맀우 λͺ…λ£Œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
We all know Mubarak is technically dead.
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무바락이 μ—„λ°€νžˆ 말해 μ£½μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ”κ±΄ 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ•„λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
But also, Ben Ali, Tunisian president,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ νŠ€λ‹ˆμ§€μ˜ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή, λ²€ μ•Œλ¦¬λŠ”
05:18
didn't follow the second rule.
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두 번째 κ·œμΉ™μ„ λ”°λ₯΄μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
That means keep the server in your hands.
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μ„œλ²„λ₯Ό μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 손에 λ§‘κ²¨λ†“μ•˜λ‹€λŠ” 의미죠.
05:24
He allowed Facebook, a U.S.-based service,
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ―Έκ΅­ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ— κΈ°μ΄ˆν•œ 페이슀뢁이 νŠ€λ‹ˆμ§€μ—
05:30
to continue to stay on inside of Tunisia.
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μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ 머무λ₯Ό 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν—ˆμš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
So he can't prevent it, his own citizens to post
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λ”°λΌμ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ΄ 그의 λΆ€νŒ¨μ— λŒ€ν•­ν•˜λŠ”
05:37
critical videos against his corruption.
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λΉ„νŒ μ˜μƒμ„ μ˜¬λ¦¬λŠ” 것을 막지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
The same thing happend. He was the first
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그리고 같은 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” μ•„λžμ˜ λ΄„(λ°˜μ •λΆ€μ‹œμœ„) 도쀑에
05:44
to topple during the Arab Spring.
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λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ λ¬ΌλŸ¬λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
But those two very smart international censorship policies
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 맀우 μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν•œ 이 두 정책은
05:52
didn't prevent Chinese social media [from] becoming a really public sphere,
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄κ°€ 곡개μž₯, μ—¬λ‘ μ˜ 경둜
05:58
a pathway of public opinion and the nightmare of Chinese officials.
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그리고 쀑ꡭ μž„μ›λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ•…λͺ½μ΄ λ˜λŠ” 것을 λ°©μ§€ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
Because we have 300 million microbloggers in China.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ€‘κ΅­μ—λŠ” 3얡에 λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œλΈ”λ‘œκ±°κ°€ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
It's the entire population of the United States.
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μ΄λŠ” 미ꡭ의 전체 μΈκ΅¬μˆ˜μ™€ κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
So when these 300 million people, microbloggers,
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우리의 κ²€μ—΄ ν”Œλž«νΌμ—μ„œ
06:16
even they block the tweet in our censored platform.
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이 3μ–΅μ˜ λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œλΈ”λ‘œκ±°μ˜ νŠΈμœ—μ„ 차단해버리기라도 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
06:21
But itself -- the Chinanet -- but itself can create
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 인터넷 κ·Έ 자체둜 쀑ꡭ 역사상 단 ν•œλ²ˆλ„ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 적 μ—†λŠ”
06:25
very powerful energy, which has never happened
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맀우 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό
06:29
in the Chinese history.
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λ°œμƒμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
2011, in July, two [unclear] trains crashed,
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2011λ…„ 7월에 남μͺ½ λ„μ‹œ μ›¬μ €μš°μ—μ„œ
06:35
in Wenzhou, a southern city.
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두 κΈ°μ°¨κ°€ μΆ©λŒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
Right after the train crash,
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κΈ°μ°¨ 좩돌 직후에,
06:39
authorities literally wanted to cover up the train, bury the train.
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당ꡭ은 κ·Έ 사싀을 μ™„μ „νžˆ 감좔렀고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:44
So it angered the Chinese Netizens.
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μ΄λŠ” 쀑ꡭ λ„€ν‹°μ¦Œλ“€μ„ λΆ„λ…ΈμΌ€ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
The first five days after the train crash,
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κΈ°μ°¨ 좩돌 사건 이후 5일간,
06:49
there were 10 million criticisms of the posting
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쀑ꡭ 역사상 처음으둜 μ†Œμ…œ 미디어에
06:54
on social media, which never happened in Chinese history.
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1000만 건의 λΉ„λ‚œκΈ€μ΄ μ‡„λ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
And later this year, the rail minister
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그리고 κ·Έν•΄ 이후, κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œ 철도뢀 μž₯관은
07:01
was sacked and sentenced to jail for 10 years.
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ν•΄μž„λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , 징역 10λ…„ν˜•μ„ μ„ κ³ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
And also, recently, very funny debate between
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λ˜ν•œ μ΅œκ·Όμ— 베이징 ν™˜κ²½λΆ€μ™€
07:11
the Beijing Environment Ministry
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베이징 주재 λ―Έκ΅­ λŒ€μ‚¬κ΄€κ°„μ—
07:14
and the American Embassy in Beijing
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맀우 우슀운 λ…Όλž€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
because the Ministry blamed
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ―Έκ΅­ λŒ€μ‚¬κ΄€μ΄
07:20
the American Embassy for intervening in
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λ² μ΄μ§•μ˜ λŒ€κΈ° μ˜€μ—Όλ„ 자료λ₯Ό κ³΅κ°œν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
07:22
Chinese internal politics by disclosing
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쀑ꡭ λ‚΄λΆ€ 정책을 λ°©ν•΄ν•˜μ—¬
07:26
the air quality data of Beijing.
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베이징 ν™˜κ²½λΆ€κ°€ 그듀을 λΉ„λ‚œν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
So, the up is the Embassy data, the PM 2.5.
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μœ„μ˜ 수치, PM 2.5λŠ” λ―Έκ΅­ λŒ€μ‚¬κ΄€μ˜ μžλ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:35
He showed 148, they showed it's dangerous for the sensitive group.
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그듀은 μ˜ˆλ―Όν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 수치인 148μ΄λΌλŠ” 수치λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:41
So a suggestion, it's not good to go outside.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ‹€μ™Έ ν™œλ™μ„ μžμ œν•  것을 λ‹ΉλΆ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
But that is the Ministry's data. He shows 50.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ € μˆ˜μΉ˜κ°€ 베이징 ν™˜κ²½λΆ€μ˜ μžλ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 50μ΄λΌλŠ” 수치λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
He says it's good. It's good to go outside.
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그듀은 μ‹€μ™Έ ν™œλ™μ„ ν•˜κΈ°μ— 쒋은 수치라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
But 99 percent of Chinese microbloggers
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 쀑ꡭ λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œλΈ”λ‘œκ±°μ˜ 99νΌμ„ΌνŠΈλŠ”
07:58
stand firmly on the Embassy's side.
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μ ˆλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ―Έκ΅­ λŒ€μ‚¬κ΄€μ˜ 자료λ₯Ό μ‹ λ’°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
I live in Beijing. Every day, I just watch
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μ €λŠ” 베이징에 μ‚½λ‹ˆλ‹€. 맀일 μ €λŠ”
08:06
the American Embassy's data to decide whether I should open my window.
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창문을 열어야할지 말지λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 단지 λ―Έκ΅­ λŒ€μ‚¬κ΄€μ˜ 자료만 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
Why is Chinese social networking, even within the censorship,
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μ™œ 검열을 λ°›λŠ” μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ μ†Œμ…œ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν‚Ήμ‘°μ°¨ λΆμΌκΉŒμš”?
08:19
so booming? Part of the reason is Chinese languages.
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κ·Έ 이유 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 쀑ꡭ어에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:23
You know, Twitter and Twitter clones have a kind of
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, νŠΈμœ„ν„°μ™€ 볡제 νŠΈμœ„ν„°μ—λŠ”
08:27
a limitation of 140 characters.
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140κΈ€μž μ œν•œμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:30
But in English it's 20 words or a sentence with a short link.
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μ΄λŠ” μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ 슀무 λ‹¨μ–΄λ‚˜ 짧게 μ—°κ²°λœ ν•œ λ¬Έμž₯이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
Maybe in Germany, in German language, it may be just "Aha!"
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ λ…μΌμ—μ„œλŠ” λ…μΌμ–΄λ‘œ κ·Έμ € β€œμ•„ν•˜!” 정도일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:40
But in Chinese language, it's really about 140 characters,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 140κΈ€μžμ˜ μ€‘κ΅­μ–΄λŠ”
08:45
means a paragraph, a story.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 절, ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
You can almost have all the journalistic elements there.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λͺ¨λ“  μ €λ„λ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈμ  μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ κ·Έ μ•ˆμ— 포함할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:52
For example, this is Hamlet, of Shakespeare.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 이것은 μ…°μ΅μŠ€ν”Όμ–΄μ˜ ν–„λ¦Ώμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
It's the same content. One, you can see exactly
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μ΄λŠ” 같은 λ‚΄μš©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ€‘κ΅­μ–΄λ‘œ 된 νŠΈμœ„ν„° λ©”μ‹œμ§€κ°€
09:00
one Chinese tweet is equal to 3.5 English tweets.
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3.5개의 μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ 된 νŠΈμœ„ν„° λ©”μ‹œμ§€μ™€ λ™μΌν•œ 것을 μ •ν™•νžˆ 보싀 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:06
Chinese is always cheating, right?
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쀑ꡭ은 항상 μΉ˜μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:09
So because of this, the Chinese really regard this
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이것 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, 쀑ꡭ은 ν—€λ“œλΌμΈλΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
09:13
microblogging as a media, not only a headline to media.
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이 λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œλΈ”λ‘œκΉ…λ„ λ―Έλ””μ–΄λ‘œ κ°„μ£Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
And also, the clone, Sina company is
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SinaλΌλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬λŠ”
09:22
the guy who cloned Twitter.
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νŠΈμœ„ν„°λ₯Ό λ³΅μ œν•œ νšŒμ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
It even has its own name, with Weibo.
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이 λ³΅μ œν’ˆμ€ μ›¨μ΄λ³΄λΌλŠ”, 자체 μ΄λ¦„κΉŒμ§€ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
"Weibo" is the Chinese translation for "microblog".
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β€œμ›¨μ΄λ³΄β€λŠ” μ€‘κ΅­μ–΄λ‘œ β€œλ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œλΈ”λ‘œκ·Έβ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:29
It has its own innovation.
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μ›¨μ΄λ³΄λŠ” 자체적으둜 κ°œμ„ λœ 것이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:31
At the commenting area, [it makes] the Chinese Weibo
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μ›¨μ΄λ³΄μ—μ„œ 주석을 λ‹€λŠ” 뢀뢄은
09:35
more like Facebook, rather than the original Twitter.
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본래 νŠΈμœ„ν„°λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λΆμ— μ’€ 더 κ°€κΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
So these innovations and clones, as the Weibo and microblogging,
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웨이보와 λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œλΈ”λ‘œκΉ…μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 이 κ°œμ„ μ λ“€κ³Ό 볡제된 점듀이
09:43
when it came to China in 2009,
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2009λ…„ 쀑ꡭ에 λ‚˜μ™”μ„ λ•Œ,
09:45
it immediately became a media platform itself.
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μ΄λŠ” μ¦‰μ‹œ κ·Έ 자체둜 λ―Έλ””μ–΄ ν”Œλž«νΌ(μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ 기반, κΈ°μ€€)이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:49
It became the media platform of 300 million readers.
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3μ–΅ λ…μžλ“€μ˜ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ ν”Œλž«νΌμ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:53
It became the media.
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λ―Έλ””μ–΄κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:55
Anything not mentioned in Weibo,
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μ›¨μ΄λ³΄μ—μ„œ μ–ΈκΈ‰λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 것은,
09:58
it does not appear to exist for the Chinese public.
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쀑ꡭ λŒ€μ€‘μ—κ²Œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:03
But also, Chinese social media is
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λ˜ν•œ μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄λŠ”
10:05
really changing Chinese mindsets and Chinese life.
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μ€‘κ΅­μΈλ“€μ˜ 사고방식과 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 삢을 λ°”κΎΈκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
For example, they give the voiceless people
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 그듀은 μ˜κ²¬μ„ 말할 κΈ°νšŒλ§ˆμ €λ„ μ—†λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
10:13
a channel to make your voice heard.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ˜κ²¬μ„ ν‘œλͺ…ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 채널을 μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:16
We had a petition system. It's a remedy outside the judicial system,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 청원 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것은 사법 μ œλ„μ˜ 외적 κ°œμ„ μ±…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:21
because the Chinese central government wants to keep a myth:
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 쀑ꡭ 쀑앙 μ •λΆ€μ˜ λΆ€μ •λΆ€νŒ¨κ°€ 계속 λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:25
The emperor is good. The old local officials are thugs.
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ν™©μ œλŠ” μ„ λŸ‰ν–ˆκ³ , λŠ™μ€ 지역 κ΄€λ£Œλ“€μ€ ν‰μ•…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
So that's why the petitioner, the victims, the peasants,
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ²­μ›μžλ‚˜ ν”Όν•΄μž, μ†Œμž‘λ†λ“€μ€
10:33
want to take the train to Beijing to petition to the central government,
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쀑앙 정뢀에 청원을 ν•˜κΈ°μœ„ν•΄ 베이징행 기차에 였λ₯΄λ €ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:36
they want the emperor to settle the problem.
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그듀은 ν™©μ œκ°€ κ·Έ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•΄μ£ΌκΈΈ λ°”λž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
But when more and more people go to Beijing,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 점점 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 베이징에 갈 λ•Œ,
10:42
they also cause the risk of a revolution.
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그듀은 혁λͺ…μ˜ μœ„ν—˜ λ˜ν•œ λΆ€λ‹΄ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:45
So they send them back in recent years.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ •λΆ€λŠ” κ·Ό λͺ‡ λ…„κ°„ 그듀을 λŒλ €λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:48
And even some of them were put into black jails.
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κ·Έλ“€ 쀑 λͺ‡ λͺ…은 λΉ„λ°€ 감μ˜₯에 κ°‡ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:52
But now we have Weibo, so I call it the Weibo petition.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 우린 μ§€κΈˆ 웨이보가 있고, μ €λŠ” 이λ₯Ό 웨이보 청원이라 μΉ­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
People just use their cell phones to tweet.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ†μ‰½κ²Œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ νœ΄λŒ€μ „ν™”λ‘œ 글을 μ˜¬λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:58
So your sad stories, by some chance your story
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μŠ¬ν”ˆ 사연은 κΈ°μžλ‚˜
11:02
will be picked up by reporters, professors or celebrities.
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ꡐ수, 유λͺ… μΈμ‚¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ 채택될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
One of them is Yao Chen,
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κ·Έλ“€ 쀑 ν•œλͺ…이 λŒ€λž΅ 2,100만의 νŒ”λ‘œμ›Œλ₯Ό 가진
11:07
she is the most popular microblogger in China,
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ κ°€μž₯ μΈκΈ°μžˆλŠ” λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œλΈ”λ‘œκ±°μΈ
11:11
who has about 21 million followers.
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μ•Όμ˜€ μ²Έ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
They're almost like a national TV station.
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λ§Œμ•½ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μŠ¬ν”ˆ 사연이 κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ μ±„νƒλœλ‹€λ©΄,
11:18
If you -- so a sad story will be picked up by her.
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μ΄λŠ” 거의 ꡭ영 ν‹°λΉ„ λ°©μ†‘κ΅­μ—μ„œ λ°©μ˜λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄λ‚˜ λ‹€λ¦„μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:22
So this Weibo social media, even in the censorship,
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이 μ›¨μ΄λ³΄λΌλŠ” μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄λŠ” κ²€μ—΄μ˜ λŒ€μƒμΌμ§€λΌλ„
11:26
still gave the Chinese a real chance for 300 million people
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ 30μ–΅μ˜ μ€‘κ΅­μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ 맀일 ν•¨κ»˜ μ±„νŒ…ν•˜κ³ ,
11:32
every day chatting together, talking together.
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ν•¨κ»˜ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆŒ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ§„μ •ν•œ 기회λ₯Ό μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:35
It's like a big TED, right?
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마치 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ TED처럼, 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
11:38
But also, it is like the first time a public sphere
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λ˜ν•œ μ›¨μ΄λ³΄λŠ” μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œμ˜ 첫 번째 곡곡 μ˜μ—­κ³Ό
11:42
happened in China.
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κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:44
Chinese people start to learn how to negotiate
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쀑ꡭ인듀은 μ„œλ‘œ ν˜‘μƒν•˜κ³  μ†Œν†΅ν•˜λŠ” 법을
11:47
and talk to people.
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μŠ΅λ“ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
But also, the cat, the censorship, is not sleeping.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 고양이격인 κ²€μ—΄ λ˜ν•œ λ©ˆμΆ”μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:54
It's so hard to post some sensitive words on the Chinese Weibo.
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쀑ꡭ 웨이보에 λͺ‡λͺ‡ λ―Όκ°ν•œ 단어λ₯Ό ν¬μŠ€νŒ…ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€ 맀우 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:58
For example, you can't post the name of the president,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ˜ 이름인 ν›„μ§„νƒ€μ˜€λ₯Ό ν¬μŠ€νŒ… ν•  수 μ—†κ³ ,
12:01
Hu Jintao, and also you can't post the city of Chongqing, the name,
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μΆ©μΉ­μ΄λΌλŠ” λ„μ‹œ 이름 λ˜ν•œ ν¬μŠ€νŒ… ν•  수 μ—†κ³ ,
12:07
and until recently, you can't search the surname of top leaders.
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μ΅œκ·ΌκΉŒμ§€ 졜고 μ§€λ„μžμ˜ 성을 검색할 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
So, the Chinese are very good at these puns
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 쀑ꡭ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이런 말μž₯λ‚œ,
12:16
and alternative wording and even memes.
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λŒ€μ²΄ν• λ§Œν•œ 단어 그리고 밈(λͺ¨λ°©μ„ ν†΅ν•œ λ¬Έν™”μ˜ μœ μ „)κΉŒμ§€λ„ 맀우 λŠ₯ν†΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:19
They even name themselves -- you know,
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그듀은
12:22
use the name of this world-changing
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κ·Έλž˜μŠ€λ¨Έλ“œν™€μŠ€μ™€ λ―Όλ¬Ό 게 κ°„μ˜
12:24
battle between the grass-mud horse and the river crab.
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이 λ³€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ‹Έμ›€μ˜ 이름을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
The grass-mud horse is caonΓ­ma,
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κ·Έλž˜μŠ€λ¨Έλ“œν™€μŠ€λŠ”
12:30
is the phonogram for motherfucker,
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λ„€ν‹°μ¦Œ 슀슀둜 그듀을 μΉ­ν•˜λŠ” 단어,
12:33
the Netizens call themselves.
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μΈκ°„λ§μ’…μ˜ ν‘œμŒλ¬ΈμžμΈ μΉ΄μ˜€λ‹ˆλ§ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:39
River crab is héxiè, is the phonogram for
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검열을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” λ―Όλ¬Ό κ²ŒλŠ” ν™”ν•©μ˜ ν‘œμŒ 문자인
12:42
harmonization, for censorship.
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ν—₯μ‹œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:45
So that's kind of a caoníma versus the héxiè, that's very good.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄λŠ” μΉ΄μ˜€λ‹ˆλ§ˆμ™€ ν—₯μ‹œμ˜ λŒ€κ²°μΈ μ…ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 맀우 ν›Œλ₯­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:50
So, when some very political, exciting moments happened,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 맀우 μ •μΉ˜μ μ΄κ³ , ν₯λ―Έμ§„μ§„ν•œ 일듀이 λ°œμƒν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
12:56
you can see on Weibo, you see a lot of very weird stories happened.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ 그와 λ‹€λ₯Έ 맀우 μ΄μƒν•œ 이야기가 μ›¨μ΄λ³΄μ—μ„œ λ‚˜λ„λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:01
Weird phrases and words, even if you have a PhD
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이 μ΄μƒν•œ 문ꡬ듀과 단어듀은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 쀑ꡭ어 λ°•μ‚¬ν•™μœ„λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ„μ§€λΌλ„
13:06
of Chinese language, you can't understand them.
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μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:10
But you can't even expand more, no, because
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이 일을 더 ν™•μž₯μ‹œν‚¬ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
Chinese Sina Weibo, when it was founded
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쀑ꡭ μ›¨μ΄λ³΄λŠ” νŠΈμœ„ν„°μ˜ 곡식적 차단 이후
13:16
was exactly one month after the official blocking of Twitter.com.
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μ •ν™•νžˆ ν•œλ‹¬ 뒀에 μ„€λ¦½λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:21
That means from the very beginning,
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μ΄λŠ” μ• μ΄ˆμ— μ›¨μ΄λ³΄λŠ” 쀑ꡭ μ •λΆ€μ˜ 쑰사λ₯Ό κ±Έμ³€κ³ ,
13:23
Weibo has already convinced the Chinese government,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œλ“ 
13:27
we will not become the stage for
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μ •κΆŒμ„ μœ„ν˜‘ν•  수 μ—†μŒμ„
13:30
any kind of a threat to the regime.
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μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:32
For example, anything you want to post,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, β€œκ°™μ΄ λͺ¨μ΄λ‹€β€ λ˜λŠ” β€œλ§Œλ‚˜λ‹€β€ λ˜λŠ” β€œκ±·λ‹€β€μ™€ 같은
13:34
like "get together" or "meet up" or "walk,"
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단어듀을 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 올리고자 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
13:37
it is automatically recorded and data mined
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그것은 μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ 기둝되고 λ°μ΄ν„°ν™”λ˜κ³ 
13:42
and reported to a poll for further political analyzing.
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더 μ„Έλ°€ν•œ μ •μΉ˜μ  뢄석을 μœ„ν•΄ 보고될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:48
Even if you want to have some gathering,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ–΄λ–€ λͺ¨μž„을 가지렀 할지라도,
13:50
before you go there, the police are already waiting for you.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 그곳에 κ°€κΈ° 전에 경찰듀이 이미 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ„ 기닀리고 μžˆμ„ 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:54
Why? Because they have the data.
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μ™œμΌκΉŒμš”? 그듀이 κ·Έ 자료λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:56
They have everything in their hands.
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그듀은 κ·Έλ“€ 손에 λͺ¨λ“  것을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:58
So they can use the 1984 scenario data mining of the dissident.
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그듀은 반체제의 1984λ…„ 데이터 λ§ˆμ΄λ‹ μ‹œλ‚˜λ¦¬μ˜€λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:04
So the crackdown is very serious.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 단속이 맀우 μ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:08
But I want you to notice a very funny thing
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 고양이와 생μ₯μ˜ μ ˆμ°¨μ—μ„œ
14:10
during the process of the cat-and-mouse.
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ν•œ 가지 μž¬λ°ŒλŠ” 점을 μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:13
The cat is the censorship, but Chinese is not only one cat,
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κ³ μ–‘μ΄λŠ” 검열을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ, 쀑ꡭ인은 이 고양이λ₯Ό ν•œ 마리뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
14:17
but also has local cats. Central cat and local cats.
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μ§€μ—­μ˜ 고양이듀도 κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 쀑앙 고양이와 μ§€μ—­μ˜ 고양이인 μ…ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:21
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
14:23
You know, the server is in the [central] cats' hands,
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, μ„œλ²„λŠ” μ€‘μ•™μ˜ κ³ μ–‘μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
14:26
so even that -- when the Netizens criticize the local government,
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λ„€ν‹°μ¦Œλ“€μ΄ 지역 μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό λΉ„λ‚œν•  λ•Œλ§ˆμ €λ„, κ·Έ μ§€μ—­μ •λΆ€λŠ”
14:31
the local government has not any access to the data in Beijing.
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λ² μ΄μ§•μ˜ μžλ£Œμ— μ ‘κ·Όν•  μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:35
Without bribing the central cats,
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그듀은 μ€‘μ•™μ˜ κ³ μ–‘μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ λ‡Œλ¬Ό μ—†μ΄λŠ”
14:37
he can do nothing, only apologize.
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μ‚¬μ£„ν•˜λŠ” 것 μ™Έμ—λŠ” 아무것도 ν•  μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:40
So these three years, in the past three years,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ§€λ‚œ 3λ…„κ°„
14:43
social movements about microblogging
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λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œλΈ”λ‘œκΉ…μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ μ‚¬νšŒ μš΄λ™λ“€μ€
14:46
really changed local government,
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지역 μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό λ”μš±λ”
14:48
became more and more transparent,
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투λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ λ³€ν™”μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:50
because they can't access the data.
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그듀이 κ·Έ μžλ£Œμ— μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:53
The server is in Beijing.
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κ·Έ μ„œλ²„λŠ” 베이징에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:57
The story about the train crash,
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μ—΄μ°¨ μΆ©λŒμ— κ΄€ν•˜μ—¬ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ˜λ¬Έμ μ€
14:58
maybe the question is not about why 10 million
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μ™œ 5일간 1000만 건의 λΉ„λ‚œμ΄ λ°œμƒν–ˆλŠλƒκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
15:02
criticisms in five days, but why the Chinese central government
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μ™œ 쀑ꡭ 쀑앙정뢀가 5일간 μ˜¨λΌμΈμ—μ„œ
15:06
allowed the five days of freedom of speech online.
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λ°œμ–Έμ˜ 자유λ₯Ό ν—ˆλ½ ν–ˆλŠλƒ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:09
It's never happened before.
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이 일은 μ’…μ „μ—λŠ” μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 적이 μ—†λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:11
And so it's very simple, because even the top leaders
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졜고 ν†΅μΉ˜μžλ§ˆμ € λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œλΈ”λ‘œκ±°
15:14
were fed up with this guy, this independent kingdom.
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그리고 이 독립적 왕ꡭ에 신물이 λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:18
So they want an excuse --
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그듀은 λ³€λͺ…거리가 ν•„μš”ν–ˆκ³ ,
15:20
public opinion is a very good excuse to punish him.
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곡곡 여둠은 κ·Έλ₯Ό μ²˜λ²Œν•˜κΈ°μœ„ν•œ 맀우 쒋은 κ΅¬μ‹€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:23
But also, the Bo Xilai case recently, very big news,
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λ˜ν•œ, κ·Όλž˜μ— 맀우 큰 λ‰΄μŠ€μ˜€λ˜ μ–΄λ¦° μ™•μž
15:26
he's a princeling.
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Bo Xilai의 μΌ€μ΄μŠ€λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:27
But from February to April this year,
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맀년 2μ›”μ—μ„œ 4μ›”κΉŒμ§€,
15:31
Weibo really became a marketplace of rumors.
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μ›¨μ΄λ³΄λŠ” 각쒅 루머의 쀑심이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:34
You can almost joke everything about these princelings,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이 μ™•μ„Έμžλ“€μ— κ΄€ν•΄ 거의 μ–΄λ–€ 농담이든 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:38
everything! It's almost like you're living in the United States.
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μ–΄λ–€ 것이든! μ΄λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 거의 λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μ‚¬λŠ” 것과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:41
But if you dare to retweet or mention any fake coup
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 베이징에 κ΄€ν•œ μ–΄λŠ ν—ˆμœ„ 쿠데타λ₯Ό λ¦¬νŠΈμœ—ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
15:46
about Beijing, you definitely will be arrested.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ 체포될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:50
So this kind of freedom is a targeted and precise window.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œμ˜ μžμœ λŠ” ν‘œμ μ΄ 된 μ •λ°€ν•œ μ°½λ¬Έκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:55
So Chinese in China, censorship is normal.
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쀑ꡭ에 μžˆλŠ” μ€‘κ΅­μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ 검열은 μΌμƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:59
Something you find is, freedom is weird.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 것, μžμœ λŠ” μ–΄μƒ‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:02
Something will happen behind it.
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κ·Έ λ’€μ—λŠ” λ­”κ°€κ°€ λ²Œμ–΄μ§ˆ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:04
Because he was a very popular Leftist leader,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 맀우 μΈκΈ°μžˆλŠ” 쒌읡 μ§€λ„μžμ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
16:07
so the central government wanted to purge him,
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쀑앙 μ •λΆ€κ°€ κ·Έλ₯Ό μΆ”λ°©ν•˜κ³ μž ν–ˆκ³ ,
16:09
and he was very cute, he convinced all the Chinese people,
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ©‹μžˆμ—ˆκ³ , λͺ¨λ“  쀑ꡭ인듀을 ν™•μ‹ μ‹œμΌ°κΈ°μ—
16:13
why he is so bad.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 맀우 λ‚˜μ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:15
So Weibo, the 300 million public sphere,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 3μ–΅μ˜ 곡곡 μ˜μ—­μΈ 웨이보가
16:19
became a very good, convenient tool for a political fight.
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μ •μΉ˜μ  νˆ¬μŸμ„ μœ„ν•œ νŽΈλ¦¬ν•˜κ³  쒋은 도ꡬ가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:23
But this technology is very new,
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이 κΈ°μˆ μ€ 맀우 졜근 것 μ΄μ§€λ§Œ,
16:26
but technically is very old.
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κΈ°μˆ μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 맀우 였래된 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:27
It was made famous by Chairman Mao, Mao Zedong,
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μ΄λŠ” 수백만의 쀑ꡭ인듀을
16:30
because he mobilized millions of Chinese people
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λͺ¨λ“  지역 μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό νŒŒκ΄΄μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ¬Έν™” 혁λͺ…에
16:33
in the Cultural Revolution to destroy every local government.
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λ™μ›μ‹œν‚¨ 마였, 마였쩌λ‘₯ 사μž₯에 μ˜ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:37
It's very simple, because Chinese central government
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 쀑앙 μ •λΆ€κ°€ 곡곡 여둠을 이끌기 μ‘°μ°¨
16:40
doesn't need to even lead the public opinion.
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ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 맀우 κ°„λ‹¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:42
They just give them a target window to not censor people.
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그듀은 단지 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κ²€μ—΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ ν‘œμ  창문을 쀄 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:47
Not censoring in China has become a political tool.
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μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œμ˜ 무 검열은 μ •μΉ˜μ  도ꡬ가 λ˜μ–΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:53
So that's the update about this game, cat-and-mouse.
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이것이 고양이와 생μ₯ κ²Œμž„μ˜ 졜근 μ •λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:57
Social media changed Chinese mindset.
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μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄λŠ” μ€‘κ΅­μΈλ“€μ˜ 사고방식을 λ³€ν™”μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:59
More and more Chinese intend to embrace freedom of speech
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점점 더 λ§Žμ€ 쀑ꡭ인듀이 λ°œμ–Έμ˜ μžμœ μ™€
17:02
and human rights as their birthright,
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λ―Έκ΅­μΈλ“€λ§Œμ˜ νŠΉμ „μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ,
17:04
not some imported American privilege.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 기본적 ꢌ리둜써의 μΈκΆŒμ„ 가지렀 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:08
But also, it gave the Chinese a national public sphere
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λ˜ν•œ μ΄λŠ” 미래의 민주주의λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ€€λΉ„ν•˜λŠ”
17:12
for people to, it's like a training of their citizenship,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒ ν›ˆλ ¨κ³Ό 같은 κ΅­κ°€ 곡곡여둠을
17:16
preparing for future democracy.
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μ€‘κ΅­μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:19
But it didn't change the Chinese political system,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ΄λŠ” μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ μ •μΉ˜ 체계λ₯Ό λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚€μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜κ³ ,
17:21
and also the Chinese central government utilized this
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쀑ꡭ 쀑앙 μ •λΆ€λŠ” 이 쀑앙 μ„œλ²„ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό
17:24
centralized server structure to strengthen its power
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지역 정뢀와 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‹ΉνŒŒλ“€μ— λŒ€μ‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ„Έλ ₯을
17:28
to counter the local government and the different factions.
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κ°•ν™”μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ΄μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:33
So, what's the future?
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λ―Έλž˜λŠ” μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
17:36
After all, we are the mouse.
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단지 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 생μ₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:38
Whatever the future is, we should fight against the [cat].
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λ―Έλž˜κ°€ 어떻든지 간에, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 고양이와 λ§žμ„œμ„œ μ‹Έμ›Œμ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:42
There is not only in China, but also in the United States
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μ€‘κ΅­λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, 미ꡭ과도 μ‹Έμ›Œμ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:45
there are some very small, cute but bad cats.
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κ±°κΈ°μ—λŠ” 맀우 μž‘κ³ , κ·€μ—½μ§€λ§Œ λͺ»λœ 고양이듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:50
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
17:52
SOPA, PIPA, ACTA, TPP and ITU.
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SOPA, PIPA, ACTA, TPP 그리고 ITUμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:59
And also, like Facebook and Google, they claim they are friends of the mouse,
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그리고 νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λΆμ΄λ‚˜ ꡬ글은 그듀이 생μ₯μ™€ 친ꡬ라고 μ£Όμž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:04
but sometimes we see them dating the cats.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 우린 가끔 그듀이 κ·Έ 고양이듀과 λ°μ΄νŠΈν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:08
So my conclusion is very simple.
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제 결둠은 맀우 λͺ…λ£Œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:11
We Chinese fight for our freedom,
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우리 쀑ꡭ인듀은 우리의 자유λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‹ΈμšΈ 것이고,
18:14
you just watch your bad cats.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ˜ λͺ»λœ 고양이듀을 κ°μ‹œν•΄ μ£Όμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
18:18
Don't let them hook [up] with the Chinese cats.
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그듀이 μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 고양이듀과 μ–΄μšΈλ¦¬μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ£Όμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
18:21
Only in this way, in the future,
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λ―Έλž˜μ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
18:24
we will achieve the dreams of the mouse:
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μ–Έμ œ μ–΄λ””μ„œλ“  두렀움 없이 νŠΈμœ—μ„ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
18:27
that we can tweet anytime, anywhere, without fear.
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생μ₯μ˜ κΏˆμ„ 이룰 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:31
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
18:38
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:40
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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