A delightful way to teach kids about computers | Linda Liukas

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

Code is the next universal language.

Kodiranje je novi univerzalni jezik.

In the seventies, it was punk music that drove the whole generation.

Sedamdesetih je pank muzika pokretala čitave generacije.

In the eighties, it was probably money.

Osamdesetih je to verovatno bio novac.

But for my generation of people,

No za moju generaciju ljudi,

software is the interface to our imagination and our world.

softver je interfejs naše mašte i našeg sveta.

And that means that we need

A to znači da su nam potrebne

a radically, radically more diverse set of people

radikalno, radikalno raznovrsnije grupe ljudi

to build those products,

koje bi pravile te proizvode,

to not see computers as mechanical and lonely and boring and magic,

koje ne bi gledale na kompjutere kao mehaničke, dosadne i magične,

to see them as things that they can tinker

već kao na stvari koje mogu preoblikovati

and turn around and twist, and so forth.

i preokrenuti i izvrnuti i tako dalje.

My personal journey into the world of programming and technology

Moje lično putovanje u svet programiranja i tehnologije

started at the tender age of 14.

je započelo s nežnih 14 godina.

I had this mad teenage crush on an older man,

Tinejdžerski sam se ludo zaljubila u starijeg muškarca,

and the older man in question just happened to be

a stariji muškarac koji je u pitanju je slučajno

the then Vice President of the United States, Mr. Al Gore.

tadašnji potpredsednik Sjedinjenih Država, g. Al Gor.

And I did what every single teenage girl would want to do.

I ja sam uradila ono što bi svaka tinejdžerka želela da uradi.

I wanted to somehow express all of this love,

Želela sam nekako da izrazim svu tu ljubav,

so I built him a website, it's over here.

pa sam napravila vebsajt za njega; evo ga.

And in 2001, there was no Tumblr,

A 2001. nismo imali Tambler,

there was no Facebook, there was no Pinterest.

nismo imali Fejsbuk, nismo imali Pinterest.

So I needed to learn to code

Pa sam morala da naučim kodiranje

in order to express all of this longing and loving.

kako bih izrazila svu tu čežnju i ljubav.

And that is how programming started for me.

I tako sam počela s programiranjem.

It started as a means of self-expression.

Počelo je kao način za samoizražavanje.

Just like when I was smaller, I would use crayons and legos.

Baš kao što sam, kad sam bila manja, koristila voštane boje i lego kocke.

And when I was older, I would use guitar lessons and theater plays.

I kao što sam nešto starija koristila časove gitare i pozorišne predstave.

But then, there were other things to get excited about,

Ali tu su bile i druge uzbudljive stvari,

like poetry and knitting socks

poput poezije i pletenja čarapa

and conjugating French irregular verbs

i menjanja nepravilnih glagola na francuskom

and coming up with make-believe worlds

i izmišljanja kobajagi svetova

and Bertrand Russell and his philosophy.

i Bertranda Rasela i njegove filozofije.

And I started to be one of those people

I postala sam jedna od onih

who felt that computers are boring and technical and lonely.

koji su osećali da su kompjuteri dosadni, tehnički i usamljeni.

Here's what I think today.

Evo šta danas mislim.

Little girls don't know that they are not supposed to like computers.

Malene devojčice ne znaju da ne bi trebalo da vole kompjutere.

Little girls are amazing.

Devojčice su neverovatne.

They are really, really good at concentrating on things

Zaista su veoma, veoma dobre u koncentrisanju na stvari

and being exact and they ask amazing questions like,

i u preciznosti i pitaju neverovatna pitanja, kao što su:

"What?" and "Why?" and "How?" and "What if?"

"Šta?" i "Zašto?" i "Kako?" i "Šta ako?"

And they don't know that they are not supposed to like computers.

I one ne znaju da ne bi trebalo da vole kompjutere.

It's the parents who do.

Njihovi roditelji to znaju.

It's us parents who feel

Mi roditelji osećamo

like computer science is this esoteric, weird science discipline

da je nauka o kompjuterima nekakva ezoterična, čudna naučna disciplina

that only belongs to the mystery makers.

koja pripada samo tvorcima misterije.

That it's almost as far removed from everyday life

Da je daleka našoj svakodnevici

as, say, nuclear physics.

gotovo kao, recimo, nuklearna fizika.

And they are partly right about that.

I delimično su u pravu.

There's a lot of syntax and controls and data structures

Ima tu mnogo sintakse i regulisanja i struktuiranja podataka

and algorithms and practices,

i algoritama i vežbanja,

protocols and paradigms in programming.

protokola i paradigmi u programiranju.

And we as a community, we've made computers smaller and smaller.

A mi smo kao zajednica napravili kompjutere sve manjim i manjim.

We've built layers and layers of abstraction on top of each other

Sagradili smo slojeve i slojeve apstrakcije jedne preko drugih

between the man and the machine

između čoveka i mašine,

to the point that we no longer have any idea how computers work

do tačke da više pojma nemamo kako kompjuteri rade

or how to talk to them.

ili kako da razgovaramo s njima.

And we do teach our kids how the human body works,

A mi učimo našu decu kako ljudsko telo funkcioniše,

we teach them how the combustion engine functions

učimo ih kako radi motor sa unutrašnjim sagorevanjem,

and we even tell them that if you want to really be an astronaut

čak im govorimo da ako zaista žele da budu astronauti

you can become one.

mogu to da postanu.

But when the kid comes to us and asks,

Međutim kad nam dete priđe i pita:

"So, what is a bubble sort algorithm?"

"Pa, kakav je to bablsort algoritam?"

Or, "How does the computer know what happens when I press 'play,'

Ili: "Kako kompjuter zna šta se dešava kad pritisnem "plej",

how does it know which video to show?"

kako zna koji snimak da prikaže?"

Or, "Linda, is Internet a place?"

Ili: "Linda, da li je internet mesto?"

We adults, we grow oddly silent.

Mi odrasli postanemo neobično tihi.

"It's magic," some of us say.

"To je magija", neki bi rekli.

"It's too complicated," the others say.

"Suviše je komplikovano", rekli bi drugi.

Well, it's neither.

Pa, nije ni jedno ni drugo.

It's not magic and it's not complicated.

Niti je magija, niti je komplikovano.

It all just happened really, really, really fast.

Sve se prosto desilo veoma, veoma brzo.

Computer scientists built these amazing, beautiful machines,

Naučnici za kompjutere su napravili ove neverovatne, lepe mašine,

but they made them very, very foreign to us,

ali su ih napravili da nam budu veoma, veoma strane,

and also the language we speak to the computers

kao i jezik kojim razgovaramo s kompjuterima,

so that we don't know how to speak to the computers anymore

te više ne znamo kako da govorimo s kompjuterima

without our fancy user interfaces.

bez kitnjastih korisničkih interfejsa.

And that's why no one recognized

I zato niko nije prepoznao

that when I was conjugating French irregular verbs,

da kad sam menjala nepravilne glagole na francuskom,

I was actually practicing my pattern recognition skills.

zapravo sam uvežbavala svoje veštine prepoznavanja obrazaca.

And when I was excited about knitting,

A kad sam bila uzbuđena zbog pletenja,

I actually was following a sequence of symbolic commands

zapravo sam pratila redosled simboličkih komandi

that included loops inside of them.

koje su u sebe uključivale petlje.

And that Bertrand Russell's lifelong quest

I da je celoživotno traganje Bertranda Rasela

to find an exact language between English and mathematics

za pronalaženjem preciznog jezika između engleskog i matematike

found its home inside of a computer.

pronašlo svoj dom u kompjuteru.

I was a programmer, but no one knew it.

Bila sam programer, ali niko nije znao za to.

The kids of today, they tap, swipe and pinch their way through the world.

Današnja deca tapkaju, lupkaju i grebu svoj put kroz svet.

But unless we give them tools to build with computers,

Ali, ukoliko im ne damo oruđa da grade uz pomoć kompjutera,

we are raising only consumers instead of creators.

podizaćemo samo potrošače, umesto graditelja.

This whole quest led me to this little girl.

Čitav ovaj pohod me je doveo do ove devojčice.

Her name is Ruby, she is six years old.

Ona se zove Rubi, ima šest godina.

She is completely fearless, imaginative and a little bit bossy.

Potpuno je neustrašiva, maštovita i pomalo se pravi važna.

And every time I would run into a problem

I svaki put kad bih naletela na problem,

in trying to teach myself programming like,

pokušavajući sebe da naučim programiranju, kao:

"What is object-oriented design or what is garbage collection?",

"Šta je to softverski dizajn ili šta je sakupljanje smeća?"

I would try to imagine how a six-year-old little girl would explain the problem.

Pokušala bih da zamislim kako bi šestogodišnja devojčica objasnila problem.

And I wrote a book about her and I illustrated it

Pa sam napisala knjigu o njoj i ilustrovala sam je,

and the things Ruby taught me go like this.

a ono što me je Rubi naučila zvuči ovako.

Ruby taught me that you're not supposed to be afraid

Rubi me je naučila da ne treba da se plašimo

of the bugs under your bed.

bubica pod krevetom.

And even the biggest of the problems

I da su i najveći problemi

are a group of tiny problems stuck together.

grupe sićušnih problema nagomilanih zajedno.

And Ruby also introduced me to her friends,

A Rubi me je takođe upoznala s njenim prijateljima,

the colorful side of the Internet culture.

šarenolikom stranom kulture interneta.

She has friends like the Snow Leopard,

Ima prijatelje, poput Snežnog Leoparda,

who is beautiful but doesn't want to play with the other kids.

koji je lep, ali ne želi da se igra s drugom decom.

And she has friends like the green robots that are really friendly but super messy.

I ima prijatelje poput zelenih robota koji su zaista društveni, ali strašno neuredni.

And she has friends like Linux the penguin

I ima prijatelje, poput pingvina Linuksa

who's really ruthlessly efficient, but somewhat hard to understand.

koji je zaista beskrajno efikasan, ali ga je nekako teško razumeti.

And idealistic foxes, and so on.

I idealistične lisice i tako dalje.

In Ruby's world, you learn technology through play.

U Rubinom svetu, savladavate tehnologiju kroz igru.

And, for instance, computers are really good at repeating stuff,

I, na primer, kompjuteri su zaista dobri u ponavljanju,

so the way Ruby would teach loops goes like this.

pa nas Rubi uči petljama ovako.

This is Ruby's favorite dance move, it goes, "Clap, clap, stomp, stomp

Rubin omiljeni plesni korak ide ovako: "Tapši, tapši, lupkaj, lupkaj,

clap, clap and jump."

tapši, tapši i skoči."

And you learn counter loops by repeating that four times.

A učite kontrapetlje, ponavljajući ovo četiri puta.

And you learn while loops by repeating that sequence

A učite uslovne petlje ponavljajući taj redosled,

while I'm standing on one leg.

pod uslovom da stojite na jednoj nozi.

And you learn until loops by repeating that sequence

A učite posledične petlje, ponavljajući redosled

until mom gets really mad.

što posledično izaziva mamin bes.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And most of all, you learn that there are no ready answers.

A iznad svega, učite da ne postoje gotovi odgovori.

When coming up with the curriculum for Ruby's world,

Kada sam smišljala teze za Rubin svet,

I needed to really ask the kids how they see the world

zaista sam morala da pitam decu kako vide svet

and what kind of questions they have

i šta žele da pitaju

and I would organize play testing sessions.

i organizovala bih testiranje kroz razigrane sesije.

I would start by showing the kids these four pictures.

Počela bih pokazivanjem ove četiri slike.

I would show them a picture of a car,

Pokazala bih im sliku automobila,

a grocery store, a dog and a toilet.

piljarnice, psa i šolje.

And I would ask, "Which one of these do you think is a computer?"

I pitala bih: "Šta od ovoga mislite da je kompjuter?"

And the kids would be very conservative and go,

A deca bi bila veoma konzervativna i rekla bi:

"None of these is a computer.

"Ništa od ovog nije kompjuter.

I know what a computer is:

Znam šta je kompjuter:

it's that glowing box

to je bleštava kutija

in front of which mom or dad spends way too much time."

ispred koje moji roditelji provode previše vremena."

But then we would talk

No, onda bismo razgovarali

and we would discover that actually, a car is a computer,

i otkrili bismo da je automobil zapravo kompjuter,

it has a navigation system inside of it.

unutar njega je sistem za navigaciju.

And a dog -- a dog might not be a computer,

A pas - pas možda nije kompjuter,

but it has a collar

ali ima ogrlicu,

and the collar might have a computer inside of it.

a ogrlica može da sadrži kompjuter u sebi.

And grocery stores, they have so many different kinds of computers,

A piljarnice, u njima se nalazi mnogo različitih kompjutera,

like the cashier system and the burglar alarms.

poput sistema kasa i alarma.

And kids, you know what?

A, deco, znate šta?

In Japan, toilets are computers

U Japanu su WC šolje kompjuteri,

and there's even hackers who hack them.

čak postoje hakeri koji ih hakuju.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And we go further

Idemo i dalje od toga,

and I give them these little stickers with an on/off button on them.

dajem im ove malene nalepnice sa "on" i "off" dugmetom.

And I tell the kids, "Today you have this magic ability

I kažem deci: "Danas imate ovu čarobnu sposobnost

to make anything in this room into a computer."

da sve u ovoj prostoriji pretvorite u kompjuter."

And again, the kids go,

I opet, deca će reći:

"Sounds really hard, I don't know the right answer for this."

"Zvuči zaista teško, ne znam pravi odgovor na to."

But I tell them, "Don't worry,

Međutim, kažem im: "Ne brinite,

your parents don't know the right answer, either.

ni vaši roditelji ne znaju pravi odgovor.

They've just started to hear about this thing

Tek što su čuli za to nešto

called The Internet of Things.

što se zove internetom od stvari.

But you kids, you are going to be the ones

Ali vi, deco, vi ćete biti ti

who are really going to live up in a world where everything is a computer."

koji će zaista da dožive svet u kom je sve kompjuter."

And then I had this little girl who came to me

A onda sam imala devojčicu koja mi je prišla

and took a bicycle lamp

i uzela svetlo za bicikl

and she said, "This bicycle lamp, if it were a computer,

i rekla: "Kad bi ovo svetlo za bicikl bilo kompjuter,

it would change colors."

menjalo bi boje."

And I said, "That's a really good idea, what else could it do?"

A ja sam rekla: "To je sjajna ideja, šta bi još moglo da uradi?"

And she thinks and she thinks,

I ona misli i misli

and she goes, "If this bicycle lamp were a computer,

i kaže: "Kad bi ovo svetlo za bicikl bilo kompjuter,

we could go on a biking trip with my father

mogli bismo da idemo sa ocem na putovanje biciklom

and we would sleep in a tent

i spavali bismo u šatoru,

and this biking lamp could also be a movie projector."

a ovo svetlo za bicikl bi moglo da bude projektor za filmove."

And that's the moment I'm looking for,

A to je tren kom se radujem,

the moment when the kid realizes

tren u kom dete shvati

that the world is definitely not ready yet,

da svet definitivno nije još gotov,

that a really awesome way of making the world more ready

da je zaista sjajan način da učinimo svet potpunijim

is by building technology

stvaranje tehnologije

and that each one of us can be a part of that change.

i da svako od nas može da bude deo te promene.

Final story, we also built a computer.

Poslednja priča; takođe smo napravili kompjuter.

And we got to know the bossy CPU and the helpful RAM and ROM

I upoznali smo zapovednika CPU i pomoćnike RAM-a i ROM-a

that help it remember things.

koji su mu pomagali da pamti.

And after we've assembled our computer together,

I kada smo sastavili naš kompjuter,

we also design an application for it.

takođe smo dizajnirali aplikaciju za njega.

And my favorite story is this little boy,

A moja omiljena priča je o ovom dečačiću,

he's six years old

on ima šest godina

and his favorite thing in the world is to be an astronaut.

i najviše na svetu bi želeo da bude astronaut

And the boy, he has these huge headphones on

I dečak stavlja ove ogromne slušalice

and he's completely immersed in his tiny paper computer

i potpuno je zaokupljen ovim malenim papirnim kompjuterom

because you see, he's built his own

jer, vidite, on je sagradio sopstvenu

intergalactic planetary navigation application.

međugalaktičku planetarnu aplikaciju za navigaciju.

And his father, the lone astronaut in the Martian orbit,

A njegov otac, usamljeni astronaut u Marsovoj orbiti,

is on the other side of the room

je na drugoj strani prostorije

and the boy's important mission

i dečakova važna misija

is to bring the father safely back to earth.

je da vrati oca bezbedno na zemlju.

And these kids are going to have a profoundly different view of the world

A ova deca će da imaju istinski drugačije viđenje sveta

and the way we build it with technology.

i načina na koji ga gradimo uz pomoć tehnologije.

Finally, the more approachable, the more inclusive,

Naposletku, što pristupačnijim, inkluzivnijim,

and the more diverse we make the world of technology,

raznovrsnijim učinimo svet tehnologije,

the more colorful and better the world will look like.

to će šarenolikije i bolje svet da izgleda.

So, imagine with me, for a moment,

Stoga zamislite na tren sa mnom,

a world where the stories we tell

svet u kom priče koje pričamo

about how things get made don't only include

o tome kako se prave stvari, neće samo uključivati

the twentysomething-year-old Silicon Valley boys,

dvadesetogodišnje dečake iz Silikonske doline,

but also Kenyan schoolgirls and Norwegian librarians.

već i učenice iz Kenije i bibliotekare iz Norveške.

Imagine a world where the little Ada Lovelaces of tomorrow,

Zamislite svet u kom će buduće malene Ade Lavlejs,

who live in a permanent reality of 1s and 0s,

koje žive u trajnoj stvarnosti jedinica i nula,

they grow up to be very optimistic and brave about technology.

porasti i biti veoma optimistične i odvažne po pitanju tehnologije.

They embrace the powers and the opportunities

Prigrliće moći i šanse

and the limitations of the world.

i ograničenja sveta.

A world of technology that is wonderful, whimsical

Sveta tehnologije koji je čaroban, nepredvidljiv

and a tiny bit weird.

i malčice čudan.

When I was a girl,

Kad sam bila mala,

I wanted to be a storyteller.

želela sam da budem pripovedačica.

I loved make-believe worlds

Volela sam kobajagi svetove

and my favorite thing to do

i najviše sam volela

was to wake up in the mornings in Moominvalley.

da se budim ujutru u dolini Mumina.

In the afternoons, I would roam around the Tatooines.

Posle podne bih lutala po Tatunima.

And in the evenings, I would go to sleep in Narnia.

A naveče bih zaspala u Narniji.

And programming turned out to be the perfect profession for me.

A programiranje se ispostavilo kao savršena profesija za mene.

I still create worlds.

I dalje sam stvarala svetove.

Instead of stories, I do them with code.

Umesto pričanjem, ostvarujem ih kodiranjem.

Programming gives me this amazing power

Programiranje mi daje tu neverovatnu moć

to build my whole little universe

da izgradim moj čitav maleni univerzum

with its own rules and paradigms and practices.

sa sopstvenim zakonima i paradigmama i običajima.

Create something out of nothing with the pure power of logic.

Stvaranje nečeg iz ničeg, čistom snagom logike.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)