A delightful way to teach kids about computers | Linda Liukas

Translator: Špela Lipovšek Reviewer: Nika Kotnik

Code is the next universal language.

Koda je naslednji univerzalni jezik.

In the seventies, it was punk music that drove the whole generation.

V sedemdesetih je našo generacijo vodila punk glasba.

In the eighties, it was probably money.

V osemdesetih je bil to verjetno denar.

But for my generation of people,

Za mojo generacijo ljudi

software is the interface to our imagination and our world.

je programska oprema glavna podlaga naši domišljiji in našemu svetu.

And that means that we need

To pomeni, da potrebujemo

a radically, radically more diverse set of people

zelo zelo raznoliko vrsto ljudi,

to build those products,

da ustvarjajo takšne izdelke,

to not see computers as mechanical and lonely and boring and magic,

ki ne vidijo računalnikov kot mehanične, osamljene, dolgočasne in magične,

to see them as things that they can tinker

ampak kot predmete, s katerimi se lahko ukvarjajo,

and turn around and twist, and so forth.

jih obračajo okoli, zvijajo in tako naprej.

My personal journey into the world of programming and technology

Moje osebno potovanje v svet programiranja in tehnologije

started at the tender age of 14.

se je začelo pri mojih rosnih štirinajstih letih.

I had this mad teenage crush on an older man,

Moja srednješolska simpatija je bil starejši moški

and the older man in question just happened to be

in ta starejši moški je bil čisto slučajno

the then Vice President of the United States, Mr. Al Gore.

takratni podpredsednik ZDA, gospod Al Gore.

And I did what every single teenage girl would want to do.

In seveda sem naredila, kar bi storila vsaka najstnica.

I wanted to somehow express all of this love,

Želela sem mu nekako pokazati vso svojo ljubezen,

so I built him a website, it's over here.

zato sem zanj naredila spletno stran, ki jo vidite tukaj.

And in 2001, there was no Tumblr,

In v 2001 še ni bilo Tumblrja,

there was no Facebook, there was no Pinterest.

ni bilo Facebooka, niti Pinteresta.

So I needed to learn to code

Zato sem se morala naučiti programirati,

in order to express all of this longing and loving.

da bi lahko izrazila vso hrepenenje in ljubezen.

And that is how programming started for me.

Tako sem začela programirati.

It started as a means of self-expression.

Začelo se je kot sredstvo za samoizražanje.

Just like when I was smaller, I would use crayons and legos.

Kot takrat, ko sem bila manjša in sem uporabila voščenke in lego kocke.

And when I was older, I would use guitar lessons and theater plays.

Nato, ko sem bila starejša, ure učenja kitare in gledališke igre.

But then, there were other things to get excited about,

Takrat pa so se začele druge reči, ki sem se jih veselila

like poetry and knitting socks

kot so poezija in pletenje nogavic

and conjugating French irregular verbs

in spreganje francoskih nepravilnih glagolov

and coming up with make-believe worlds

in ustvarjanje izmišljenih svetov

and Bertrand Russell and his philosophy.

in Bertrand Russel in njegova filozofija.

And I started to be one of those people

Postala sem ena izmed tistih ljudi,

who felt that computers are boring and technical and lonely.

ki mislijo, da so računalniki dolgočasni, tehnični in osamljeni.

Here's what I think today.

Veste, kaj mislim danes?

Little girls don't know that they are not supposed to like computers.

Mlada dekleta ne vedo, da jim računalniki ne smejo biti všeč.

Little girls are amazing.

Mlada dekleta so osupljiva,

They are really, really good at concentrating on things

so res res dobra v koncentriranju na stvari

and being exact and they ask amazing questions like,

in v natančnosti in sprašujejo izjemna vprašanja kot

"What?" and "Why?" and "How?" and "What if?"

"Kaj?" in "Zakaj?" in "Kako?" in "Kaj pa če?"

And they don't know that they are not supposed to like computers.

In ne vedo, da jim računalniki ne bi smeli biti všeč.

It's the parents who do.

Starši vedo.

It's us parents who feel

Nam staršem se zdi,

like computer science is this esoteric, weird science discipline

da je računalniška znanost abstraktna, čudna znanstvena disciplina,

that only belongs to the mystery makers.

ki pripada le ustvarjalcem skrivnosti.

That it's almost as far removed from everyday life

To je skoraj tako izven vsakdanjega sveta,

as, say, nuclear physics.

kot, naprimer, jedrska fizika.

And they are partly right about that.

In deloma imajo prav.

There's a lot of syntax and controls and data structures

Tu je veliko sintakse, kontrol in podatkovnih struktur

and algorithms and practices,

in algoritmov in praks,

protocols and paradigms in programming.

protokolov, paradigem v programiranju.

And we as a community, we've made computers smaller and smaller.

Mi kot skupnost smo računalnike zmanjšali.

We've built layers and layers of abstraction on top of each other

Zgradili smo mnoge plasti abstraktnosti med človekom in strojem eno vrh druge

between the man and the machine

to the point that we no longer have any idea how computers work

do točke, ko več ne vemo, kako računalniki delujejo,

or how to talk to them.

ali kako se pogovarjati z njimi.

And we do teach our kids how the human body works,

In seveda učimo otroke o tem, kako deluje človeško telo,

we teach them how the combustion engine functions

učimo jih o delovanju motorjev z notranjim izgorevanjem,

and we even tell them that if you want to really be an astronaut

povemo jim celo, da če hočejo biti astronavti,

you can become one.

da to lahko postanejo.

But when the kid comes to us and asks,

Ampak ko otrok pride do nas in nas vpraša:

"So, what is a bubble sort algorithm?"

"Kaj je algoritem mehurčnega urejanja?"

Or, "How does the computer know what happens when I press 'play,'

ali "Kako računalnik ve, kaj se zgodi, ko jaz pritisnem na tipko 'Play',

how does it know which video to show?"

kako ve, kateri video mi mora pokazati?"

Or, "Linda, is Internet a place?"

ali "Linda, a je internet kraj?"

We adults, we grow oddly silent.

Mi odrasli začuda utihnemo.

"It's magic," some of us say.

"Čarovnija je," rečemo nekateri.

"It's too complicated," the others say.

"Preveč je zakomplicirano," rečejo drugi.

Well, it's neither.

No, nič od tega ni res.

It's not magic and it's not complicated.

Ni čarovnija in ni zapleteno.

It all just happened really, really, really fast.

Le zgodilo se je res, res, res hitro.

Computer scientists built these amazing, beautiful machines,

Računalničarji so zgradili te osupljive, prelepe stroje,

but they made them very, very foreign to us,

ampak so jih naredili nam zelo zelo tuje

and also the language we speak to the computers

in enako so naredili z jezikom, s katerim govorimo z njimi,

so that we don't know how to speak to the computers anymore

zato da ne vemo, kako se pogovarjati s računalniki,

without our fancy user interfaces.

ne da bi uporabljali posebne uporabniške vmesnike.

And that's why no one recognized

Zato ni nihče prepoznal,

that when I was conjugating French irregular verbs,

da ko sem jaz spregala francoske nepravilne glagole,

I was actually practicing my pattern recognition skills.

sem se pravzaprav učila spretnosti prepoznavanja vzorcev.

And when I was excited about knitting,

Ko pa sem bila navdušena nad pletenjem,

I actually was following a sequence of symbolic commands

sem dejansko sledila zaporedju simboličnih zahtev,

that included loops inside of them.

ki so vključevale zanke.

And that Bertrand Russell's lifelong quest

In Bertrand Russelov življenjski izziv

to find an exact language between English and mathematics

najti jasen jezik med angleščino in matematiko

found its home inside of a computer.

je našel svoj dom v notranjosti računalnika.

I was a programmer, but no one knew it.

Bila sem programerka, a tega nihče ni vedel.

The kids of today, they tap, swipe and pinch their way through the world.

Današnji otroci tipkajo, drsajo in pritiskajo svojo pot skozi svet.

But unless we give them tools to build with computers,

Ampak če jim ne damo orodij, da gradijo z računalniki,

we are raising only consumers instead of creators.

potem vzgajamo samo potrošnike, namesto ustvarjalcev.

This whole quest led me to this little girl.

Ta celotna pot me je pripeljala do tega dekleta.

Her name is Ruby, she is six years old.

Njeno ime je Rubi, stara je šest let.

She is completely fearless, imaginative and a little bit bossy.

Je popolnoma neustrašna, polna domišljije in malo ukazovalna.

And every time I would run into a problem

In vsakič, ko pri učenju programiranja naletim na problem, kot recimo

in trying to teach myself programming like,

"What is object-oriented design or what is garbage collection?",

"Kaj je objektno-orientirano oblikovanje ali kaj je zbirka smeti?",

I would try to imagine how a six-year-old little girl would explain the problem.

si predstavljam, kako bi šestletno dekle pojasnilo problem.

And I wrote a book about her and I illustrated it

Zato sem o njej napisala knjigo, jo ilustrirala

and the things Ruby taught me go like this.

in kar me je Ruby naučila, je sledeče.

Ruby taught me that you're not supposed to be afraid

Naučila me je, da me ne sme biti strah žuželk pod posteljo.

of the bugs under your bed.

And even the biggest of the problems

In da so tudi največje težave

are a group of tiny problems stuck together.

le skupek majcenih težav zlepljenih skupaj.

And Ruby also introduced me to her friends,

Ruby me je tudi predstavila svojim prijateljem

the colorful side of the Internet culture.

na barviti strani internetne kulture.

She has friends like the Snow Leopard,

Ima prijatelje, kot je Snežni Leopard,

who is beautiful but doesn't want to play with the other kids.

ki je čudovit, ampak se ne želi igrati z ostalimi otroci.

And she has friends like the green robots that are really friendly but super messy.

Ima prijatelje, kot so zeleni roboti, ki so zelo prijazni, ampak zelo neurejeni.

And she has friends like Linux the penguin

Ima tudi prijatelje, kot so pingvin Linux,

who's really ruthlessly efficient, but somewhat hard to understand.

ki je neusmiljeno učinkovit, ampak precej težko razumljiv.

And idealistic foxes, and so on.

In idealistične lisice ter tako naprej.

In Ruby's world, you learn technology through play.

V Rubyjinem svetu se o tehnologiji učiš skozi igro.

And, for instance, computers are really good at repeating stuff,

In, na primer, računalniki so zelo dobri v ponavljanju stvari

so the way Ruby would teach loops goes like this.

zato bi Ruby zanke učila takole.

This is Ruby's favorite dance move, it goes, "Clap, clap, stomp, stomp

Tole je njen najljubši plesni gib, ki gre: "Plosk, plosk, topot, topot.

clap, clap and jump."

plosk, plosk in skok."

And you learn counter loops by repeating that four times.

In zanke s števci se naučiš tako, da to štirikrat ponoviš.

And you learn while loops by repeating that sequence

Pogojne zanke se naučiš s ponavljanjem tega zaporedja,

while I'm standing on one leg.

medtem ko jaz stojim na eni nogi.

And you learn until loops by repeating that sequence

Zanke s pogojem "dokler" pa se naučiš s ponavljanjem tega zaporedja,

until mom gets really mad.

dokler se mama ne razjezi.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And most of all, you learn that there are no ready answers.

Predvsem se pa naučiš, da ni nikjer pripravljenih odgovorov.

When coming up with the curriculum for Ruby's world,

Ko sem pripravljala kurikulum za Rubyjin svet,

I needed to really ask the kids how they see the world

sem morala vprašati otroke, kako oni vidijo svet

and what kind of questions they have

in kakšna vprašanja imajo,

and I would organize play testing sessions.

nato pa sem organizirala seanse testnih iger.

I would start by showing the kids these four pictures.

Začela sem s tem, da sem otrokom pokazala te štiri slike.

I would show them a picture of a car,

Pokazala sem jim sliko avta,

a grocery store, a dog and a toilet.

trgovine, psa in stranišča.

And I would ask, "Which one of these do you think is a computer?"

Vprašala sem jih: "Katera od teh slik, misliš, da je računalnik?"

And the kids would be very conservative and go,

In otroci so odgovarjali zelo konzervativno in rekli:

"None of these is a computer.

"Nič od tega ni računalnik.

I know what a computer is:

Vem, kaj je računalnik:

it's that glowing box

to je tista svetleča škatla

in front of which mom or dad spends way too much time."

pred katero mama ali oče preživi preveč časa."

But then we would talk

Ampak nato smo se pogovorili

and we would discover that actually, a car is a computer,

in smo odkrili, da je pravzaprav tudi avto računalnik,

it has a navigation system inside of it.

saj ima v sebi navigacijski sistem.

And a dog -- a dog might not be a computer,

In pes - pes že morda ni računalnik,

but it has a collar

ima pa ovratnico

and the collar might have a computer inside of it.

in znotraj ovratnice je lahko računalnik.

And grocery stores, they have so many different kinds of computers,

In trgovine, tam je veliko vrst različnih računalnikov,

like the cashier system and the burglar alarms.

kot naprimer blagajna in protivlomni alarmi.

And kids, you know what?

In otroci, veste kaj?

In Japan, toilets are computers

Na Japonskem so stranišča računalniki

and there's even hackers who hack them.

in obstajajo tudi hekerji, ki vdirajo vanje.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And we go further

In gremo naprej,

and I give them these little stickers with an on/off button on them.

dam jim takšne male nalepke z gumbom on/off

in jim povem: "Danes imaš čarovniško sposobnost,

And I tell the kids, "Today you have this magic ability

to make anything in this room into a computer."

da lahko karkoli v tej sobi spremeniš v računalnik."

And again, the kids go,

Takrat spet rečejo:

"Sounds really hard, I don't know the right answer for this."

"Tole je pa zelo težko, ne poznam pravega odgovora na to."

But I tell them, "Don't worry,

Ampak jim rečem: "Ne skrbi,

your parents don't know the right answer, either.

tvoji starši tudi ne poznajo pravilnega odgovora.

They've just started to hear about this thing

Oni so šele zdaj slišali o zadevi,

called The Internet of Things.

ki ji pravimo Internet stvari.

But you kids, you are going to be the ones

Ampak vi otroci boste tisti,

who are really going to live up in a world where everything is a computer."

ki boste zares zaživeli v svetu, kjer je vse računalnik.

And then I had this little girl who came to me

Nato je do mene prišla majhna punčka,

and took a bicycle lamp

vzela luč s kolesa

and she said, "This bicycle lamp, if it were a computer,

in rekla: "Če bi bila tale luč računalnik,

it would change colors."

bi lahko spreminjala barve."

And I said, "That's a really good idea, what else could it do?"

Nato sem rekla: "To je res dobra ideja, kaj bi še lahko počela?"

And she thinks and she thinks,

Ona razmišlja in razmišlja

and she goes, "If this bicycle lamp were a computer,

in reče: "Če bi bila tale luč računalnik,

we could go on a biking trip with my father

bi lahko z očetom šla na izlet s kolesom,

and we would sleep in a tent

spala bi v šotoru

and this biking lamp could also be a movie projector."

in ta luč bi lahko bila filmski projektor."

And that's the moment I'm looking for,

In to je trenutek, ki ga iščem,

the moment when the kid realizes

trenutek, ko se otrok zave,

that the world is definitely not ready yet,

da svet zagotovo še ni pripravljen,

that a really awesome way of making the world more ready

da je res super način, kako še bolj pripraviti svet,

is by building technology

izgradnja tehnologije

and that each one of us can be a part of that change.

in da je vsak od nas lahko del te spremembe.

Final story, we also built a computer.

Na koncu smo tudi zgradili računalnik.

And we got to know the bossy CPU and the helpful RAM and ROM

Spoznali smo ukazovalno CPE in ustrežljiva RAM in ROM,

that help it remember things.

ki pomagata, da se spomnimo stvari.

And after we've assembled our computer together,

Ko smo sestavili naš celoten računalnik,

we also design an application for it.

smo tudi naredili aplikacijo zanj.

And my favorite story is this little boy,

Moja najljubša zgodba je en majhen deček,

he's six years old

star šest let,

and his favorite thing in the world is to be an astronaut.

ki bi najraje na svetu postal astronavt.

And the boy, he has these huge headphones on

Ta fant ima na sebi ogromne slušalke

and he's completely immersed in his tiny paper computer

in je popolnoma zatopljen v svoj tanek papirnati računalnik,

because you see, he's built his own

zato ker, veste, si je zgradil svojo

intergalactic planetary navigation application.

intergalaktično planetarno navigacijsko aplikacijo.

And his father, the lone astronaut in the Martian orbit,

Njegov oče, osamljen astronavt v Marsovi orbiti,

is on the other side of the room

je na drugi strani sobe

and the boy's important mission

in fantkova pomembna misija je,

is to bring the father safely back to earth.

da pripelje svojega očeta varno nazaj na Zemljo.

And these kids are going to have a profoundly different view of the world

Ti otroci bodo imeli precej drugačen pogled na naš svet

and the way we build it with technology.

in na to, kako ga gradimo s tehnologijo.

Finally, the more approachable, the more inclusive,

Končno, bolj dostopen, bolj vključujoč

and the more diverse we make the world of technology,

in bolj raznolik svet tehnologije naredimo,

the more colorful and better the world will look like.

bolj barvito in boljše bo izgledal svet.

So, imagine with me, for a moment,

Zato si zamislite za trenutek

a world where the stories we tell

svet v katerem zgodbe, ki jih govorimo o tem,

about how things get made don't only include

kako so stvari narejene, ne vključujejo samo

the twentysomething-year-old Silicon Valley boys,

dvajset-nekaj letnih fantov iz Silikonske doline,

but also Kenyan schoolgirls and Norwegian librarians.

ampak tudi kenijske šolarke in norveške knjižničarke.

Imagine a world where the little Ada Lovelaces of tomorrow,

Predstavljajte si svet, kjer male Ade Lovelaces prihodnjih dni,

who live in a permanent reality of 1s and 0s,

ki živijo v trajni resničnosti enic in ničel,

they grow up to be very optimistic and brave about technology.

z optimizmom in pogumom zrejo v tehnologijo.

They embrace the powers and the opportunities

Sprejmejo moči in priložnosti

and the limitations of the world.

ter omejitve sveta.

A world of technology that is wonderful, whimsical

Sveta tehnologije, ki je čudovit, muhast

and a tiny bit weird.

in čisto malo čuden.

When I was a girl,

Ko sem bila še dekle,

I wanted to be a storyteller.

sem želela biti pripovedovalka zgodb,

I loved make-believe worlds

rada sem imela izmišljene svetove

and my favorite thing to do

in najraje sem

was to wake up in the mornings in Moominvalley.

se zbudila v jutra v Mumindolu.

In the afternoons, I would roam around the Tatooines.

Popoldne sem marširala okoli Tatooinov.

And in the evenings, I would go to sleep in Narnia.

Ob večerih sem šla spat v Narnijo.

And programming turned out to be the perfect profession for me.

Programiranje se je izkazalo kot popoln poklic zame.

I still create worlds.

Še vedno ustvarjam svetove.

Instead of stories, I do them with code.

Namesto v zgodbah, si jih izmislim v kodi.

Programming gives me this amazing power

Programiranje mi da to izjemno moč,

to build my whole little universe

izgraditi moje celotno malo vesolje

with its own rules and paradigms and practices.

z lastnimi pravili in paradigmami in praksami.

Create something out of nothing with the pure power of logic.

Ustvarite nekaj iz nič s čisto močjo logike.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplavz)