Rose George: Let's talk crap. Seriously.

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Maša Novković Lektor: Mile Živković

Let's talk dirty.

Pričajmo prljavo.

A few years ago, oddly enough,

Pre nekoliko godina, nekim čudom,

I needed the bathroom,

trebalo mi je da odem u toalet,

and I found one, a public bathroom,

našla sam javni toalet,

and I went into the stall,

ušla u kabinu

and I prepared to do what I'd done most of my life:

i bila spremna da uradim ono što radim celog svog života:

use the toilet, flush the toilet, forget about the toilet.

iskoristim toalet, povučem vodu, zaboravim na toalet.

And for some reason that day, instead,

Iz nekog razloga toga dana,

I asked myself a question,

zapitala sam se:

and it was, where does this stuff go?

gde sve to odlazi?

And with that question, I found myself plunged

Utonula sam u to pitanje,

into the world of sanitation --

u svet sanitacije -

there's more coming -- (Laughter) —

čekajte, ima još - (Smeh) -

sanitation, toilets and poop,

svet sanitacije, toaleta i kake,

and I have yet to emerge.

a još uvek nisam isplivala.

And that's because it's such an enraging,

Sve to zato što je to mesto neprijatno,

yet engaging place to be.

a opet vas privlači.

To go back to that toilet,

Da se vratim na toalet,

it wasn't a particularly fancy toilet,

ovaj nije bio preterano sređen,

it wasn't as nice as this one

nije bio lep kao ovaj

from the World Toilet Organization.

koji pripada Svetskoj organizaciji toaleta.

That's the other WTO. (Laughter)

Ovo je druga SOT (Svetska organizacija trgovine). (Smeh)

But it had a lockable door, it had privacy, it had water,

Ali toalet je imao vrata sa zaključavanjem, privatnost, vodu,

it had soap so I could wash my hands,

sapun kako bih oprala ruke,

and I did because I'm a woman, and we do that.

što sam i učinila jer sam žena, a mi to radimo.

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Smeh) (Aplauz)

But that day, when I asked that question,

Tog dana, kada sam sebi postavila to pitanje,

I learned something, and that was that I'd grown up thinking

shvatila sam nešto, a to je da sam odrasla misleći

that a toilet like that was my right,

da je takav toalet moje pravo,

when in fact it's a privilege.

kada je to, u stvari, privilegija.

2.5 billion people worldwide have no adequate toilet.

2,5 milijarde ljudi širom sveta nema adekvatan toalet.

They don't have a bucket or a box.

Nemaju ni kofu, niti kakvu kutiju.

Forty percent of the world with no adequate toilet.

40% ljudi na svetu nema adekvatan toalet.

And they have to do what this little boy is doing

Oni moraju da rade ono što ovaj dečak radi

by the side of the Mumbai Airport expressway,

pored autoputa kraj aerodroma u Mumbaju,

which is called open defecation,

što se naziva javna defekacija,

or poo-pooing in the open.

odnosno, kakiti na otvorenom.

And he does that every day,

On to radi svakog dana,

and every day, probably, that guy in the picture

i svakog dana, verovatno, momak sa slike

walks on by,

naiđe pored,

because he sees that little boy, but he doesn't see him.

zato što vidi dečaka, ali ne vidi ga.

But he should, because the problem

Trebalo bi, zato što problem

with all that poop lying around

sa svom tom kakom koja leži unaokolo

is that poop carries passengers.

jeste da ona prenosi bacile.

Fifty communicable diseases like to travel in human shit.

50 zaraznih bolesti nalazi se u ljudskim fekalijama.

All those things, the eggs, the cysts,

Sve to, jaja, ciste,

the bacteria, the viruses, all those can travel

bakterije, virusi, sve to može da se transportuje

in one gram of human feces.

preko jednog grama ljuskih fekalija.

How? Well, that little boy will not have washed his hands.

Kako? Pa, taj dečak neće kasnije oprati ruke.

He's barefoot. He'll run back into his house,

On je bos. Utrčaće nazad u svoju kuću,

and he will contaminate his drinking water and his food

zagadiće onda vodu za piće i svoju hranu

and his environment

i svoje okruženje

with whatever diseases he may be carrying

bilo kojom bolesti koju možda nosi

by fecal particles that are on his fingers and feet.

u delovima fekalija koji su na njegovim prstima i stopalima.

In what I call the flushed-and-plumbed world

U svetu koji nazivam ispranim i sanitarnim,

that most of us in this room are lucky to live in,

u svetu u kojem većina nas ima sreće da živi,

the most common symptoms associated with those diseases,

najčešći simptomi povezani sa takvim bolestima,

diarrhea, is now a bit of a joke.

simptomi dijareje, sada su pomalo smešni.

It's the runs, the Hershey squirts, the squits.

To je proliv, tečnost, ''Heršijev mlaz''.

Where I come from, we call it Delhi belly,

U mom mestu to nazivamo ''stomak Nju Delhi''

as a legacy of empire.

što je zaostavština britanske imperije.

But if you search for a stock photo of diarrhea

Ako potražite sliku dijareje

in a leading photo image agency,

u vodećoj fotografskoj agenciji,

this is the picture that you come up with.

ovo je slika koju biste našli.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Still not sure about the bikini.

Nisam baš sigurna oko bikinija.

And here's another image of diarrhea.

Evo još jednog prikaza dijareje.

This is Marie Saylee, nine months old.

Ovo je Mari Sejli, stara 9 meseci.

You can't see her, because she's buried

Ne vidite je, zato što je sahranjena

under that green grass in a little village in Liberia,

ispod ove zelene trave u seocetu u Liberiji,

because she died in three days from diarrhea --

umrla je u roku od tri dana zbog dijareje -

the Hershey squirts, the runs, a joke.

proliva, šale.

And that's her dad.

Ovo je njen otac.

But she wasn't alone that day,

Tog dana ona nije bila sama,

because 4,000 other children died of diarrhea,

zato što je 4 000 druge dece umrlo od dijareje,

and they do every day.

to se dešava svakog dana.

Diarrhea is the second biggest killer of children worldwide,

Dijareja je drugi najveći ubica dece širom sveta,

and you've probably been asked to care about things

a vi verovatno najviše strahujete od bolesti

like HIV/AIDS or T.B. or measles,

kao što su HIV/AIDS ili tuberkuloza ili boginje,

but diarrhea kills more children

ali dijareja ubija više dece

than all those three things put together.

nego sve tri bolesti zajedno.

It's a very potent weapon of mass destruction.

Dijareja je vrlo moćno oružje masovnog uništenja.

And the cost to the world is immense:

Cena koju svet plaća je neizmerna:

260 billion dollars lost every year

260 milijardi dolara izgubljeno je svake godine

on the losses to poor sanitation.

zbog gubitaka izazvanih lošom sanitacijom.

These are cholera beds in Haiti.

Ovo su kreveti obolelih od kolere na Haitiju.

You'll have heard of cholera, but we don't hear about diarrhea.

Svi ste čuli o koleri, ali ništa ne čujemo o dijareji.

It gets a fraction of the attention and funding

Dobija delić pažnje i sredstava

given to any of those other diseases.

koji se namenjuju za sve ostale bolesti.

But we know how to fix this.

Mi znamo kako da se to reši.

We know, because in the mid-19th century,

Znamo, zato što sredinom 19. veka,

wonderful Victorian engineers

divni viktorijanski inženjeri

installed systems of sewers and wastewater treatment

ugradili su sisteme kanalizacija i odlaganja prljave vode

and the flush toilet, and disease dropped dramatically.

toalete u kojima se povlači voda i bolest je drastično opala.

Child mortality dropped by the most

Smrtnost dece opala je više

it had ever dropped in history.

nego što je ikad opala u istoriji.

The flush toilet was voted the best medical advance

WC kotlić je izglasan za najbolju medicinsku olakšicu

of the last 200 years by the readers of the British Medical Journal,

u poslednjih 200 godina od strane čitalaca Britanskog medicinskog žurnala,

and they were choosing over the Pill, anesthesia,

a među ponuđenima bile su kontraceptivna pilula, anestezija

and surgery.

i operacija.

It's a wonderful waste disposal device.

To je divna naprava za odlaganje otpada.

But I think that it's so good — it doesn't smell,

Ja mislim da je odlična - ne smrdi,

we can put it in our house, we can lock it behind a door —

možemo je imati i u svojoj kući, zaključati iza vrata -

and I think we've locked it out of conversation too.

a mislim da smo je izbacili i iz razgovora.

We don't have a neutral word for it.

Nemamo neutralnu reč za to.

Poop's not particularly adequate.

''Kaka'' nije baš adekvatna reč.

Shit offends people. Feces is too medical.

''Sranje'' vređa ljude. ''Fekalije'' je suviše medicinski.

Because I can't explain otherwise,

Ne mogu drugačije da objasnim šta se dešava,

when I look at the figures, what's going on.

kada pogledam brojke.

We know how to solve diarrhea and sanitation,

Znamo kako da rešimo dijareju i sanitarije,

but if you look at the budgets of countries,

ali kada pogledamo budžete zemalja,

developing and developed,

onih u razvoju i onih razvijenih,

you'll think there's something wrong with the math,

videćemo da nešto ne valja u proračunu,

because you'll expect absurdities like

videćemo apsurde kao taj da

Pakistan spending 47 times more on its military

Pakistan potroši 47 puta više na vojsku

than it does on water and sanitation,

nego što čini za vodu i sanitarije,

even though 150,000 children die of diarrhea

iako 150 000 dece umre od dijareje

in Pakistan every year.

u Pakistanu svake godine.

But then you look at that already minuscule

A onda pogledate na taj već minimalni

water and sanitation budget,

budžet za vodu i sanitaciju

and 75 to 90 percent of it will go on clean water supply,

i 75-90% otići će na snabdevanje čistom vodom

which is great; we all need water.

što je sjajno; svima nam je potrebna voda.

No one's going to refuse clean water.

Niko neće odbiti čistu vodu.

But the humble latrine, or flush toilet,

Ali skromni nužnik ili toalet sa kotlićem,

reduces disease by twice as much

smanjuje bolest duplo

as just putting in clean water.

u odnosu na čistu vodu.

Think about it. That little boy

Razmislite o tome. Taj dečak

who's running back into his house,

koji utrčava u svoju kuću,

he may have a nice, clean fresh water supply,

on možda ima svežu, čistu zalihu vode,

but he's got dirty hands that he's going to contaminate his water supply with.

ali svojim prljavim rukama zagadiće zalihe čiste vode.

And I think that the real waste of human waste

Mislim da je ogromna šteta što vodu

is that we are wasting it as a resource

trošimo kao resurs

and as an incredible trigger for development,

i kao veliki pokretač za razvoj,

because these are a few things that toilets

zato što ima nekoliko stvari koje toaleti

and poop itself can do for us.

i sama kaka mogu da učine za nas.

So a toilet can put a girl back in school.

Toaleti će vratiti devojčicu u školu.

Twenty-five percent of girls in India drop out of school

25% devojčica u Indiji napustilo je školu

because they have no adequate sanitation.

zato što nema adekvatne sanitacije.

They've been used to sitting through lessons

Navikle su da sede tokom lekcija

for years and years holding it in.

suzdržavajući se godinama i godinama.

We've all done that, but they do it every day,

Svi smo to radili, ali one to čine svakog dana,

and when they hit puberty and they start menstruating,

a kada dostignu pubertet i počnu da menstruiraju,

it just gets too much.

to postaje previše.

And I understand that. Who can blame them?

Ja to razumem. Ko ih može kriviti?

So if you met an educationalist and said,

Ako ste upoznali nastavnika i rekli:

"I can improve education attendance rates by 25 percent

''Mogu da popravim prisustvo nastavi za 25%

with just one simple thing,"

jednom prostom stvari'',

you'd make a lot of friends in education.

stekli biste mnogo prijatelja u oblasti obrazovanja.

That's not the only thing it can do for you.

Ima još korisnih stvari.

Poop can cook your dinner.

Kaka vam može spremiti večeru.

It's got nutrients in it.

Ima hranljivih sastojaka u sebi.

We ingest nutrients. We excrete nutrients as well.

Mi konzumiramo hranljive sastojke. Izlučujemo ih takođe.

We don't keep them all.

Ne zadržavamo ih sve.

In Rwanda, they are now getting

U Ruandi, trenutno se 75%

75 percent of their cooking fuel in their prison system

goriva za kuvanje u zatvorima

from the contents of prisoners' bowels.

dobija iz creva zatvorenika.

So these are a bunch of inmates in a prison in Butare.

Ovo je gomila zatvorenika u Butari.

They're genocidal inmates, most of them,

Oni su zločinci, genocidni, većina njih,

and they're stirring the contents of their own latrines,

oni mešaju sadržinu svojih sopstvenih nužnika,

because if you put poop in a sealed environment, in a tank,

zato što ako stavite kaku u zatvoren prostor, kao što je rezervoar,

pretty much like a stomach,

slično kao stomak,

then, pretty much like a stomach, it gives off gas,

onda će ispuštati gasove, slično kao stomak,

and you can cook with it.

a s tim se može kuvati.

And you might think it's just good karma

Možda vam se čini da je to dobra karma

to see these guys stirring shit,

da vidite ove momke kako mešaju sranje,

but it's also good economic sense,

ali to je odlično s ekonomske strane gledišta,

because they're saving a million dollars a year.

tako se sačuvaju milioni dolara godišnje.

They're cutting down on deforestation,

Oni smanjuju seču drveća,

and they've found a fuel supply that is inexhaustible,

našli su neiscrpni izvor goriva,

infinite and free at the point of production.

neograničen i jeftin na nivou proizvodnje.

It's not just in the poor world that poop can save lives.

Kaka može spasiti živote, ne samo u siromašnim zemljama.

Here's a woman who's about to get a dose

Evo žene koja treba da dobije dozu

of the brown stuff in those syringes,

braon sastojaka u špricevima

which is what you think it is,

što je upravo ono što vam se čini,

except not quite, because it's actually donated.

doduše ne u potpunosti zato što je donirano.

There is now a new career path called stool donor.

Sada postoji nova karijera - donator stolice.

It's like the new sperm donor.

To je kao novi donator sperme.

Because she has been suffering from a superbug called C. diff,

Ona boluje od jake bakterije zvane C diff,

and it's resistant to antibiotics in many cases.

koja je u najvećem broju slučajeva otporna na antibiotike.

She's been suffering for years.

Ona boluje od toga godinama.

She gets a dose of healthy human feces,

Dobija dozu zdravih ljudskih fekalija,

and the cure rate for this procedure is 94 percent.

a stepen ozdravljenja uz ovu proceduru je 94%.

It's astonishing, but hardly anyone is still doing it.

Zadivljujuće je, ali teško da mnogi to rade.

Maybe it's the ick factor.

Možda zato što su ljudi gadljivi.

That's okay, because there's a team of research scientists

To je u redu, postoji tim istraživača naučnika

in Canada who have now created a stool sample,

u Kanadi koji su sada stvorili uzorak stolice,

a fake stool sample which is called RePOOPulate.

veštački uzorak stolice nazvan "RePOOPulate".

So you'd be thinking by now, okay, the solution's simple,

Sad vi mislite: ''U redu, eto jednostavnog rešenja,

we give everyone a toilet.

svima obezbedimo toalet.''

And this is where it gets really interesting,

Ovde postaje zaista interesantno,

because it's not that simple, because we are not simple.

zato što nije tako jednostavno, jer ni mi nismo jednostavni.

So the really interesting, exciting work --

Onaj zaista interesantan, uzbudljiv posao -

this is the engaging bit -- in sanitation is that

koji je dosta zahtevan u sanitaciji jeste

we need to understand human psychology.

da moramo da razumemo ljudsku psihologiju.

We need to understand software

Treba da shvatimo softver

as well as just giving someone hardware.

ujedno kada nekom pružamo hardver.

They've found in many developing countries that

U mnogim razvijenim zemljama ispostavilo se

governments have gone in and given out free latrines

da su vlade donirale i podelile besplatne nužnike

and gone back a few years later and found that they've

i nakon nekoliko godina uvidele da su od toga nastale

got lots of new goat sheds or temples or spare rooms

šupe za koze, hramovi, rezervne sobe

with their owners happily walking past them

čiji vlasnici zadovoljno pored toga prolaze i odlaze

and going over to the open defecating ground.

da na zemljištu vrše otvorenu defekaciju.

So the idea is to manipulate human emotion.

Ideja je da se manipuliše ljudskim emocijama.

It's been done for decades. The soap companies did it

To se radi decenijama. Kompanije za sapun to čine

in the early 20th century.

od početka 20. veka.

They tried selling soap as healthy. No one bought it.

Počeli su da predstavljaju sapun kao zdravi proizvod. Niko ga nije kupovao.

They tried selling it as sexy. Everyone bought it.

Počeli su da ga prodaju kao seksi proizvod. Svi su počeli da kupuju.

In India now there's a campaign

U Indiji je sada kampanja

which persuades young brides

koja ubeđuje mlade neveste

not to marry into families that don't have a toilet.

da se ne udaju u porodice koje nemaju toalet.

It's called "No Loo, No I Do."

Zove se ''Nema toaleta, nema udaje'.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And in case you think that poster's just propaganda,

I u slučaju da mislite da je to samo propaganda,

here's Priyanka, 23 years old.

evo 23-godišnje Prijanke,

I met her last October in India,

upoznala sam je prošlog oktobra u Indiji,

and she grew up in a conservative environment.

odrasla je u konzervativnom okruženju.

She grew up in a rural village in a poor area of India,

Živela je u selu u siromašnoj oblasti u Indiji,

and she was engaged at 14, and then at 21 or so,

verila se sa 14 godina i onda sa 21 godinom

she moved into her in-law's house.

preselila se u domaćinstvo svog muža.

And she was horrified to get there and find

Bila je užasnuta onim što je tamo zatekla

that they didn't have a toilet.

i time što nisu imali toalet.

She'd grown up with a latrine.

Odrasla je sa nužnikom.

It was no big deal, but it was a latrine.

Nije velika stvar, ali je ipak nužnik.

And the first night she was there, she was told

Prve noći koju je tu provela, rekli su joj

that at 4 o'clock in the morning --

oko 4 ujutru

her mother-in-law got her up, told her to go outside

njena svekrva ju je probudila, rekla joj da ode napolje

and go and do it in the dark in the open.

i da izvrši nuždu u mraku na otvorenom.

And she was scared. She was scared of drunks hanging around.

Bila je uplašena. Bojala se pijanica koje su se motale unaokolo.

She was scared of snakes. She was scared of rape.

Bojala se zmija. Bojala se silovanja.

After three days, she did an unthinkable thing.

Nakon tri dana uradila je nešto nezamislivo.

She left.

Otišla je.

And if you know anything about rural India,

Ako išta znate o ruralnoj Indiji,

you'll know that's an unspeakably courageous thing to do.

znate da je to neopisivo hrabra stvar.

But not just that.

Ali ne samo to.

She got her toilet, and now she goes around

Nabavila je toalet i sada ide

all the other villages in India

po ostalim selima u Indiji

persuading other women to do the same thing.

ubeđujući žene da učine isto.

It's what I call social contagion, and it's really powerful

To ja zovem socijalnom zarazom i veoma je moćna

and really exciting.

i vrlo uzbudljiva.

Another version of this, another village in India

Druga slična priča, drugo selo u Indiji

near where Priyanka lives

blizu onog gde živi Prijanka

is this village, called Lakara, and about a year ago,

jeste ovo selo, Lakara, pre oko godinu dana,

it had no toilets whatsoever.

nije imalo toaleta uopšte.

Kids were dying of diarrhea and cholera.

Deca su umirala od dijareje i kolere.

Some visitors came, using various behavioral change tricks

Neki posetioci su dolazili, koristili razne trikove za promenu navika

like putting out a plate of food and a plate of shit

kao što je stavljanje tanjira hrane i tanjira fekalija

and watching the flies go one to the other.

i posmatranje muva koje lete od jednog tanjira ka drugom.

Somehow, people who'd been thinking

Nekako, ljudi koji su mislili

that what they were doing was not disgusting at all

da ono što čine nije odvratno uopšte

suddenly thought, "Oops."

iznenada su pomislili: ''Ups''.

Not only that, but they were ingesting their neighbors' shit.

Ne samo to, oni su tako jeli i fekalije svojih komšija.

That's what really made them change their behavior.

To je ono što ih je ubedilo da je potrebna promena navika.

So this woman, this boy's mother

Ova žena, majka ovog dečaka

installed this latrine in a few hours.

instalirala je nužnik u roku od nekoliko sati.

Her entire life, she'd been using the banana field behind,

Celog svog života ona je bila naviknuta da koristi polje banana u pozadini

but she installed the latrine in a few hours.

ali je ugradila nužnik za nekoliko sati.

It cost nothing. It's going to save that boy's life.

Ništa ne košta. Spasiće život ovome dečaku.

So when I get despondent about the state of sanitation,

Kada postanem utučena zbog stanja sanitacije,

even though these are pretty exciting times

iako je to često uzbudljiva tema

because we've got the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

jer sada imamo Bil i Melinda Gejts fondaciju

reinventing the toilet, which is great,

koja unapređuje toalete, što je sjajno,

we've got Matt Damon going on bathroom strike,

imamo Met Dejmona koji štrajkuje i ne ide u toalet,

which is great for humanity, very bad for his colon.

što je divno za čovečanstvo, loše za njegovu probavu.

But there are things to worry about.

Ipak, ima mnogo stvari oko kojih treba brinuti.

It's the most off-track Millennium Development Goal.

Ovo je jedan od najzanemarenijih Milenijumskih razvojnih ciljeva.

It's about 50 or so years off track.

Kasni skoro 50 i više godina.

We're not going to meet targets,

Ovim tempom nećemo ostvariti cilj -

providing people with sanitation at this rate.

obezbeđivanje sanitacije ljudima.

So when I get sad about sanitation,

Kada se rastužim zbog sanitacije,

I think of Japan, because Japan 70 years ago

pomislim na Japan, zato što je Japan pre 70 godina

was a nation of people who used pit latrines

bio nacija koja je koristila septičke jame

and wiped with sticks,

i brisala se štapovima,

and now it's a nation of what are called Woshurettos,

a sada je nacija onih koje zovemo "Woshurettos",

washlet toilets.

samočisteći toaleti.

They have in-built bidet nozzles for a lovely,

Imaju ugrađene mlaznice kako bi se toalet koristio

hands-free cleaning experience,

bez prljanja ruku,

and they have various other features

a imaju i razne druge prateće mogućnosti

like a heated seat and an automatic lid-raising device

kao što je grejanje sedišta ili automatsko podizanje daske

which is known as the "marriage-saver."

koje je poznato kao "spasilac brakova''.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But most importantly, what they have done in Japan,

Ono najvažnije, što su učinili u Japanu,

which I find so inspirational,

što ja nalazim inspirativnim,

is they've brought the toilet out from behind the locked door.

jeste što su temu toaleta izvukli iz mraka.

They've made it conversational.

Učinili su je prijemčivom za razgovor.

People go out and upgrade their toilet.

Ljudi se trude da unaprede svoje toalete.

They talk about it. They've sanitized it.

Govore o tome. Čiste ga.

I hope that we can do that. It's not a difficult thing to do.

Nadam se da svi možemo da uradimo to. Nije teško.

All we really need to do

I svi treba da se okrenemo

is look at this issue

tom problemu

as the urgent, shameful issue that it is.

kao hitnom, sramnom problemu kakav jeste.

And don't think that it's just in the poor world that things are wrong.

Ne mislim da su stvari tako loše samo u siromašnim zemljama.

Our sewers are crumbling.

Naše kanalizacije propadaju.

Things are going wrong here too.

I ovde su stvari vrlo kritične.

The solution to all of this is pretty easy.

Rešenje svega ovoga je vrlo lako.

I'm going to make your lives easy this afternoon

Učiniću vaše živote lakšim još ovog popodneva

and just ask you to do one thing,

i zamoliću vas da uradite jednu stvar,

and that's to go out, protest,

a to je da izađete, protestujete,

speak about the unspeakable,

govorite o neizrecivom,

and talk shit.

govorite o sranju.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)