Rose George: Let's talk crap. Seriously.

172,738 views ใƒป 2013-04-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Surie Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Minji Seo
00:12
Let's talk dirty.
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์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
00:16
A few years ago, oddly enough,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์—, ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„
00:19
I needed the bathroom,
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:22
and I found one, a public bathroom,
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๊ณต์ค‘ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:25
and I went into the stall,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณ€์†Œ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
00:27
and I prepared to do what I'd done most of my life:
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์ œ ์ธ์ƒ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ดํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:31
use the toilet, flush the toilet, forget about the toilet.
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๋ณผ ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ , ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„  ๊ทธ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
00:35
And for some reason that day, instead,
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๊ทธ๋‚  ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ์—์„œ์ธ์ง€,
00:37
I asked myself a question,
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:39
and it was, where does this stuff go?
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"๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€?"
00:43
And with that question, I found myself plunged
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์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜, ๊ณต์ค‘ ์œ„์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—
00:47
into the world of sanitation --
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:51
there's more coming -- (Laughter) โ€”
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๋” ์ด์–ด์งˆ๊ฑฐ์—์š”. -- (์›ƒ์Œ) --
00:53
sanitation, toilets and poop,
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๊ณต์ค‘ ์œ„์ƒ, ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ณ€๋“ค,
00:57
and I have yet to emerge.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ง ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
01:00
And that's because it's such an enraging,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์„ฑ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:03
yet engaging place to be.
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๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ณณ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:06
To go back to that toilet,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
01:09
it wasn't a particularly fancy toilet,
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:12
it wasn't as nice as this one
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์žฅ์‹คํ˜‘ํšŒ(World Toilet Organization)์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:13
from the World Toilet Organization.
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:16
That's the other WTO. (Laughter)
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๊ทธ ํ˜‘ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ WTO์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ)
01:21
But it had a lockable door, it had privacy, it had water,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž ๊ธ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:24
it had soap so I could wash my hands,
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๋น„๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ์†์„ ์”ป์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:27
and I did because I'm a woman, and we do that.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์†์„ ์”ป๋Š”๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
01:35
But that day, when I asked that question,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋‚ , ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋‚ ,
01:38
I learned something, and that was that I'd grown up thinking
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ์–ด์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
01:40
that a toilet like that was my right,
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ์ œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:43
when in fact it's a privilege.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠน๊ถŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
01:46
2.5 billion people worldwide have no adequate toilet.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ 25์–ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
They don't have a bucket or a box.
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์–‘๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ž๋„ ์—†์–ด์š”.
01:55
Forty percent of the world with no adequate toilet.
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ 40%์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:59
And they have to do what this little boy is doing
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด ๊ณตํ•ญ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ๋ณ€์—์„œ
02:02
by the side of the Mumbai Airport expressway,
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์ด ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:05
which is called open defecation,
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๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์šฉ๋ณ€์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€์š”.
02:07
or poo-pooing in the open.
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๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋˜ฅ์„ ์‹ธ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
02:11
And he does that every day,
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๋งค์ผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ,
02:13
and every day, probably, that guy in the picture
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋งค์ผ, ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์†
02:15
walks on by,
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์ € ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ ์˜†์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€์ฃ .
02:17
because he sees that little boy, but he doesn't see him.
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๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:21
But he should, because the problem
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์— ๋„๋ ค์žˆ๋Š”
02:23
with all that poop lying around
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๋Œ€๋ณ€๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
02:25
is that poop carries passengers.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ํ–‰์ธ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
Fifty communicable diseases like to travel in human shit.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ๋กœ 50๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ง€์ฃ .
02:32
All those things, the eggs, the cysts,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค, ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ ์•Œ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚ญ์ข…,
02:35
the bacteria, the viruses, all those can travel
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„, ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘
02:38
in one gram of human feces.
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1g์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์†Œ๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
How? Well, that little boy will not have washed his hands.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ์š”? ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋…„์€ ์†์„ ์”ป์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
02:45
He's barefoot. He'll run back into his house,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งจ๋ฐœ์ด์ฃ . ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
02:47
and he will contaminate his drinking water and his food
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๋งˆ์‹ค ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์Œ์‹,
02:51
and his environment
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œํ‚ฌ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
02:52
with whatever diseases he may be carrying
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์†๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์— ๋ฌป์€ ๋Œ€์†Œ๋ณ€์˜ ํŒŒํŽธ๋“ค๋กœ
02:55
by fecal particles that are on his fingers and feet.
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์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์–ด๋–ค ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋“  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:00
In what I call the flushed-and-plumbed world
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์ œ๊ฐ€ "์ˆ˜์„ธ์‹ ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„ ์„ธ์ƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”
03:03
that most of us in this room are lucky to live in,
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์šด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:05
the most common symptoms associated with those diseases,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ
03:08
diarrhea, is now a bit of a joke.
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์„ค์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋†๋‹ด๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:11
It's the runs, the Hershey squirts, the squits.
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์นด๋ ˆ ๋จน๋Š”๋ฐ ๋˜ฅ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
03:15
Where I come from, we call it Delhi belly,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์€, ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋˜๋Œ€๋กœ
03:17
as a legacy of empire.
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๋ธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ ธ์ง€์š”.
03:19
But if you search for a stock photo of diarrhea
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์„ค์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„
03:23
in a leading photo image agency,
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์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ค‘๊ณ„ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:26
this is the picture that you come up with.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
03:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:30
Still not sure about the bikini.
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์™œ ๋น„ํ‚ค๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
03:35
And here's another image of diarrhea.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„ค์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:37
This is Marie Saylee, nine months old.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋Š” 9๊ฐœ์›” ๋œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์—์š”.
03:41
You can't see her, because she's buried
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์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
03:42
under that green grass in a little village in Liberia,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„ ์ดˆ๋ก ์ž”๋”” ๋ฐ‘์— ๋ญํ˜€์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:46
because she died in three days from diarrhea --
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3์ผ ๊ฐ„ ์„ค์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜์–ด์š”.
03:49
the Hershey squirts, the runs, a joke.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋†๋‹ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์„ค์‚ฌ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
03:53
And that's her dad.
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์ด๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—์š”.
03:55
But she wasn't alone that day,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‚  ํ˜ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:57
because 4,000 other children died of diarrhea,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ 4์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์„ค์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ˆจ์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:01
and they do every day.
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๋งค์ผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Diarrhea is the second biggest killer of children worldwide,
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์„ค์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์•—์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ ๋ณ‘์›(็—…ๅŽŸ)์ด์—์š”.
04:08
and you've probably been asked to care about things
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—์ด์ฆˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ต, ํ™์—ญ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
04:11
like HIV/AIDS or T.B. or measles,
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
04:14
but diarrhea kills more children
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์„ค์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ํ•ฉ์นœ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
04:16
than all those three things put together.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์•—์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
It's a very potent weapon of mass destruction.
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํŒŒ๊ดด์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์—์š”.
04:24
And the cost to the world is immense:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
260 billion dollars lost every year
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์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†์‹ค๋กœ
04:29
on the losses to poor sanitation.
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๋งค๋…„ 2์ฒœ6๋ฐฑ์–ต ๋ถˆ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
These are cholera beds in Haiti.
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์•„์ดํ‹ฐ์˜ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์นจ์ƒ์ด์—์š”.
04:34
You'll have heard of cholera, but we don't hear about diarrhea.
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์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์„ค์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:37
It gets a fraction of the attention and funding
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์–ด๋Š ์—ฌํƒ€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
04:40
given to any of those other diseases.
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๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ง€์›์„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
But we know how to fix this.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:46
We know, because in the mid-19th century,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์—
04:49
wonderful Victorian engineers
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๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด
04:52
installed systems of sewers and wastewater treatment
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ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„์™€ ์ •ํ™”์กฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์„ธ์‹ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„
04:54
and the flush toilet, and disease dropped dramatically.
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์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์ง€์š”.
04:59
Child mortality dropped by the most
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์œ ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋ง์œจ์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ
05:01
it had ever dropped in history.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
The flush toilet was voted the best medical advance
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ํ•™ํ•™ํšŒ์ง€์˜ ๋…์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด
05:06
of the last 200 years by the readers of the British Medical Journal,
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์ง€๋‚œ 200๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ•™ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ
05:09
and they were choosing over the Pill, anesthesia,
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๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํ”ผ์ž„์•ฝ, ๋งˆ์ทจ, ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ 
05:12
and surgery.
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์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
05:14
It's a wonderful waste disposal device.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฌผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์žฅ์น˜์—์š”.
05:16
But I think that it's so good โ€” it doesn't smell,
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๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ง‘ ์•ˆ์— ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
05:20
we can put it in our house, we can lock it behind a door โ€”
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๋˜ ๋ฌธ ๋’ค์— ์ž ๊ถˆ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
05:23
and I think we've locked it out of conversation too.
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ํ•œํŽธ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ฃผ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
05:26
We don't have a neutral word for it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
05:27
Poop's not particularly adequate.
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์‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
05:29
Shit offends people. Feces is too medical.
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๋˜ฅ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ํ•™์ ์ด์—์š”.
05:33
Because I can't explain otherwise,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
05:36
when I look at the figures, what's going on.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ธ๊ฑด์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
05:39
We know how to solve diarrhea and sanitation,
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์„ค์‚ฌ์™€ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:42
but if you look at the budgets of countries,
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„
05:44
developing and developed,
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๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
05:46
you'll think there's something wrong with the math,
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์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
05:49
because you'll expect absurdities like
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๋งค๋…„ 15๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์„ค์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆจ์ง€๋Š”
05:52
Pakistan spending 47 times more on its military
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
05:55
than it does on water and sanitation,
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์ˆ˜๋„์™€ ์œ„์ƒ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค
05:57
even though 150,000 children die of diarrhea
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๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋น„๋กœ ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด 47๋ฐฐ๋‚˜
06:00
in Pakistan every year.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹คํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊น์š”.
06:02
But then you look at that already minuscule
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋„์™€ ์œ„์ƒ ๊ด€๋ จ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜
06:04
water and sanitation budget,
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์ž‘์€ ์ฃผ์„์„ ๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด 75%์—์„œ 90%์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด
06:06
and 75 to 90 percent of it will go on clean water supply,
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์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„์— ํˆฌ์ž๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์‹ค๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
06:09
which is great; we all need water.
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์ข‹์€๊ฑฐ์—์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:11
No one's going to refuse clean water.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
06:13
But the humble latrine, or flush toilet,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ณ€์†Œ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์„ธ์‹ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด
06:16
reduces disease by twice as much
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๊ทธ์ € ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
06:19
as just putting in clean water.
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๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
Think about it. That little boy
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”
06:22
who's running back into his house,
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๊ทธ ์ž‘์€ ์†Œ๋…„์„.
06:24
he may have a nice, clean fresh water supply,
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์ข‹๊ณ  ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„ ์‹œ์„ค์ด ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
06:26
but he's got dirty hands that he's going to contaminate his water supply with.
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๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„๋„ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œ์ผœ๋ฒ„๋ฆดํ…๋ฐ์š”.
06:31
And I think that the real waste of human waste
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‚ญ๋น„ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋‚ญ๋น„๋Š”
06:34
is that we are wasting it as a resource
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๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์„ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
06:37
and as an incredible trigger for development,
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๋˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ์‚ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
because these are a few things that toilets
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด
06:43
and poop itself can do for us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:46
So a toilet can put a girl back in school.
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์€ ์—ฌ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:49
Twenty-five percent of girls in India drop out of school
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์ธ๋„ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ 25%๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
because they have no adequate sanitation.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:55
They've been used to sitting through lessons
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด๋„ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด
06:57
for years and years holding it in.
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๊พน ์ฐธ๋Š” ์ผ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:00
We've all done that, but they do it every day,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”.
07:03
and when they hit puberty and they start menstruating,
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์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค์–ด ์ƒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
07:05
it just gets too much.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
07:08
And I understand that. Who can blame them?
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
07:11
So if you met an educationalist and said,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ต์œกํ•™์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:13
"I can improve education attendance rates by 25 percent
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"๋‹จ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ
07:16
with just one simple thing,"
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๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ์„ 25% ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”." ๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
07:18
you'd make a lot of friends in education.
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๊ต์œก๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
07:21
That's not the only thing it can do for you.
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๊ทธ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Poop can cook your dinner.
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๋Œ€๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:27
It's got nutrients in it.
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ์ฃ .
07:28
We ingest nutrients. We excrete nutrients as well.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ ๋ฐฐ์„คํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
07:31
We don't keep them all.
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์ „๋ถ€ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ด์š”.
07:33
In Rwanda, they are now getting
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๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค์—์„œ๋Š”, ํ˜•๋ฌด์†Œ์—์„œ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š”
07:35
75 percent of their cooking fuel in their prison system
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75%์˜ ์ทจ์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
07:38
from the contents of prisoners' bowels.
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์žฌ์†Œ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
So these are a bunch of inmates in a prison in Butare.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํƒ€๋ ˆ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์˜ ์žฌ์†Œ์ž๋“ค์€
07:45
They're genocidal inmates, most of them,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ํ•™์‚ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์žฌ์†Œ์ž๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ,
07:47
and they're stirring the contents of their own latrines,
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๋ณ€์†Œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ํœ˜์ “๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:51
because if you put poop in a sealed environment, in a tank,
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ํƒฑํฌ ์•ˆ ๊ฐ™ํžŒ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ณ€๋“ค์€
07:54
pretty much like a stomach,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์žฅ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:56
then, pretty much like a stomach, it gives off gas,
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:59
and you can cook with it.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:01
And you might think it's just good karma
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋˜ฅ์„ ํœ˜์ “๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ
08:03
to see these guys stirring shit,
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์‘๋‹นํ•œ ์ธ๊ณผ์‘๋ณด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:06
but it's also good economic sense,
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ํ•œํŽธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
08:08
because they're saving a million dollars a year.
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๋งค๋…„ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ถˆ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:10
They're cutting down on deforestation,
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์‚ผ๋ฆผ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ ,
08:12
and they've found a fuel supply that is inexhaustible,
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๋‹ณ์•„ ์—†์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์›๊ฐ€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ณต์งœ์ธ
08:15
infinite and free at the point of production.
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์„ ์ฐพ์€๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”.
08:20
It's not just in the poor world that poop can save lives.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
Here's a woman who's about to get a dose
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
08:25
of the brown stuff in those syringes,
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์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€
08:27
which is what you think it is,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฑด๋ฐ,
08:29
except not quite, because it's actually donated.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ฆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด์ฃ .
08:32
There is now a new career path called stool donor.
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๋Œ€๋ณ€ ๊ธฐ์ฆ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธธ์ด ์—ด๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
08:35
It's like the new sperm donor.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ •์ž ๊ธฐ์ฆ์ž์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด์ฃ .
08:36
Because she has been suffering from a superbug called C. diff,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ์žฅ์—ผ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:39
and it's resistant to antibiotics in many cases.
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์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
She's been suffering for years.
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์ˆ˜ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช์–ด์™”์ฃ .
08:44
She gets a dose of healthy human feces,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
08:48
and the cure rate for this procedure is 94 percent.
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์น˜๋ฃŒ์œจ์ด 94%์— ์ด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
It's astonishing, but hardly anyone is still doing it.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์–ด์š”.
08:56
Maybe it's the ick factor.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ˜์˜ค์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์„œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:58
That's okay, because there's a team of research scientists
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์ด
09:01
in Canada who have now created a stool sample,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋กœ
09:04
a fake stool sample which is called RePOOPulate.
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"์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ณ€"์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ด์—์š”.
09:07
So you'd be thinking by now, okay, the solution's simple,
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์ด์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ,
09:09
we give everyone a toilet.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์ฃผ์ž๊ณ .
09:11
And this is where it gets really interesting,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
09:13
because it's not that simple, because we are not simple.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์—์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:16
So the really interesting, exciting work --
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์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์‹ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์€,
09:20
this is the engaging bit -- in sanitation is that
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์œ„์ƒ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
09:23
we need to understand human psychology.
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
We need to understand software
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:28
as well as just giving someone hardware.
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์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
09:30
They've found in many developing countries that
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€
09:32
governments have gone in and given out free latrines
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋ณ€์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๊ธ‰ํ•ด์คฌ์ง€๋งŒ
09:35
and gone back a few years later and found that they've
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
09:37
got lots of new goat sheds or temples or spare rooms
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์—ผ์†Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์›์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:41
with their owners happily walking past them
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์ฃผ์ธ๋“ค์€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋ณ€์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜
09:44
and going over to the open defecating ground.
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๋งจ๋•…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ผ์„ ๋ดค์ฃ .
09:47
So the idea is to manipulate human emotion.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
09:50
It's been done for decades. The soap companies did it
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์™”์ฃ . ๋น„๋ˆ„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
09:53
in the early 20th century.
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•ด์™”์–ด์š”.
09:55
They tried selling soap as healthy. No one bought it.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ”์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
09:58
They tried selling it as sexy. Everyone bought it.
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์„ฑ์ ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋‹ˆ, ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:02
In India now there's a campaign
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:03
which persuades young brides
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์ Š์€ ์‹ ๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ง‘์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
10:06
not to marry into families that don't have a toilet.
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์‹œ์ง‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๋Š” ์šด๋™์ด์ฃ .
10:09
It's called "No Loo, No I Do."
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"ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๊ฐˆ๋ž˜์š”" ์šด๋™์ด์—์š”.
10:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:14
And in case you think that poster's just propaganda,
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์ด ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์ € ์„ ๋™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค๊นŒ๋ด,
10:16
here's Priyanka, 23 years old.
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์Šค๋ฌผ์…‹์˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์–€์นด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด๊ป˜์š”.
10:18
I met her last October in India,
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์ง€๋‚œ 10์›”์— ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:20
and she grew up in a conservative environment.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
10:23
She grew up in a rural village in a poor area of India,
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์ธ๋„์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋™๋„ค์—์„œ ์ž๋ž๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:26
and she was engaged at 14, and then at 21 or so,
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14์‚ด์— ์•ฝํ˜ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , 21์‚ด ์ฏค์—
10:30
she moved into her in-law's house.
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์‹œ๋Œ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
10:32
And she was horrified to get there and find
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
10:34
that they didn't have a toilet.
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:35
She'd grown up with a latrine.
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๋ณ€์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์ž๋ž๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:37
It was no big deal, but it was a latrine.
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ํฐ ์ผ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณ€์†Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
10:39
And the first night she was there, she was told
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์‹œ๋Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„ ์ฒซ๋‚ ๋ฐค
10:41
that at 4 o'clock in the morning --
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์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 4์‹œ์— ์‹œ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€
10:42
her mother-in-law got her up, told her to go outside
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๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๊นจ์›Œ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ๋Š”
10:45
and go and do it in the dark in the open.
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๋งจ๋•…์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:48
And she was scared. She was scared of drunks hanging around.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฌด์„œ์› ์–ด์š”. ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ์–ด์Šฌ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ทจ๊ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ
10:50
She was scared of snakes. She was scared of rape.
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๋ฑ€๊ณผ, ๊ฐ•๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ–ˆ์ฃ 
10:53
After three days, she did an unthinkable thing.
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์‚ฌํ˜์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์ž ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:55
She left.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ๋– ๋‚œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:57
And if you know anything about rural India,
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์ธ๋„ ์‹œ๊ณจ ๋งˆ์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์•„์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:58
you'll know that's an unspeakably courageous thing to do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ์šฉ๊ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹ค๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
11:02
But not just that.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
11:03
She got her toilet, and now she goes around
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์Ÿ์ทจํ•ด๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
11:05
all the other villages in India
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์ธ๋„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
11:07
persuading other women to do the same thing.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:09
It's what I call social contagion, and it's really powerful
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ „ํŒŒ์—์š”.
11:12
and really exciting.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ง€์š”.
11:14
Another version of this, another village in India
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ,
11:16
near where Priyanka lives
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ํ”„๋ฆฌ์–€์นด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ ์ธ๊ทผ์˜
11:18
is this village, called Lakara, and about a year ago,
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๋ผ์นด๋ผ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„์—๋Š” ํ•œ ์ผ ๋…„ ์ „๋งŒํ•ด๋„
11:22
it had no toilets whatsoever.
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆด๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:24
Kids were dying of diarrhea and cholera.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์„ค์‚ฌ์™€ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ”์ฃ .
11:26
Some visitors came, using various behavioral change tricks
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์ด ์ด๊ณณ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ผ์–ด์š”.
11:30
like putting out a plate of food and a plate of shit
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๊ฐ€๋ น ์Œ์‹์ด ๋“  ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡๊ณผ ๋˜ฅ์ด ๋“  ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์„ ๋†“๊ณ 
11:33
and watching the flies go one to the other.
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ตฐ๋ฐ๋ฅผ ์™”๋‹ค ๊ฐ”๋‹ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์ฃ .
11:35
Somehow, people who'd been thinking
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด
11:38
that what they were doing was not disgusting at all
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ ๊ฒŒ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋˜ ์ด๋“ค์ด
11:39
suddenly thought, "Oops."
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ , "์ด๋Ÿฐ!"
11:41
Not only that, but they were ingesting their neighbors' shit.
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋˜ฅ๋„ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:44
That's what really made them change their behavior.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
So this woman, this boy's mother
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์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์—„๋งˆ์ธ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€
11:49
installed this latrine in a few hours.
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๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์— ์ง‘์— ๋ณ€์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋†“์•˜์–ด์š”.
11:52
Her entire life, she'd been using the banana field behind,
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ํ‰์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜ ๋†์žฅ ๋’ค์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ๋ดค์ง€๋งŒ
11:54
but she installed the latrine in a few hours.
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๋‹จ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์— ๋ณ€์†Œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
11:56
It cost nothing. It's going to save that boy's life.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ˆ์ด ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
11:59
So when I get despondent about the state of sanitation,
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์œ„์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋ž€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ
12:03
even though these are pretty exciting times
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์‹ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:05
because we've got the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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๋นŒ & ๋ฉ€๋ฆฐ๋‹ค ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ  ์žฌ๋‹จ์—์„œ
12:07
reinventing the toilet, which is great,
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์žฌ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
12:09
we've got Matt Damon going on bathroom strike,
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๋งท ๋ฐ์ด๋จผ์ด ์ธ๊ถŒ์—๋Š” ์ข‹์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์„
12:12
which is great for humanity, very bad for his colon.
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
12:16
But there are things to worry about.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:17
It's the most off-track Millennium Development Goal.
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์œ ์—” ์ƒˆ์ฒœ๋…„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด์—์š”.
12:20
It's about 50 or so years off track.
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50๋…„๋„ ๋” ๋’ค์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
12:23
We're not going to meet targets,
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์ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
12:24
providing people with sanitation at this rate.
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์œ„์ƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
12:27
So when I get sad about sanitation,
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์œ„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„๊ด€์ ์ด ๋  ๋•Œ๋ฉด,
12:31
I think of Japan, because Japan 70 years ago
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์ผ๋ณธ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 70๋…„ ์ „๋งŒํ•ด๋„
12:34
was a nation of people who used pit latrines
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์ผ๋ณธ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋•…์„ ํŒŒ์„œ ๋ณ€์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
12:37
and wiped with sticks,
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๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋‹ฆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
12:39
and now it's a nation of what are called Woshurettos,
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์›Œ์Šˆ๋ ˆํ† ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”
12:42
washlet toilets.
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์ˆ˜์„ธ์‹ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
12:43
They have in-built bidet nozzles for a lovely,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ค์น˜ํ˜• ๋น„๋ฐ๋Š” ์†์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„
12:46
hands-free cleaning experience,
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ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋’ค์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
12:49
and they have various other features
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์ด๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
like a heated seat and an automatic lid-raising device
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์—ด์„  ์ขŒ๋ณ€๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋šœ๊ป‘์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š”
12:54
which is known as the "marriage-saver."
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์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” "๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ง€ํ‚ด์ด" ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ 
12:56
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:58
But most importantly, what they have done in Japan,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ํ•ด์˜จ ์ผ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ,
13:00
which I find so inspirational,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋‚€ ์ ์€,
13:01
is they've brought the toilet out from behind the locked door.
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์ž ๊ธด ๋ฌธ ๋’ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€
13:04
They've made it conversational.
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์Šค์Šค๋Ÿผ์—†์ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:05
People go out and upgrade their toilet.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•ž์„œ์„œ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
13:09
They talk about it. They've sanitized it.
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
13:13
I hope that we can do that. It's not a difficult thing to do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž˜์š”, ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
13:18
All we really need to do
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
13:20
is look at this issue
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์ด ์ผ์„ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ๋กœ
13:22
as the urgent, shameful issue that it is.
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์—ฌ๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
And don't think that it's just in the poor world that things are wrong.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋งŒ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜์š”.
13:29
Our sewers are crumbling.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„๋„ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์–ด์ ธ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:31
Things are going wrong here too.
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:33
The solution to all of this is pretty easy.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
I'm going to make your lives easy this afternoon
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜คํ›„๋ฅผ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
13:38
and just ask you to do one thing,
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€ํƒํ• ๊ป˜์š”.
13:40
and that's to go out, protest,
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๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์œ„ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:43
speak about the unspeakable,
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๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:46
and talk shit.
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๋˜ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
13:47
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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