Rose George: Let's talk crap. Seriously.

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevoditelj: Lidija Šimunović Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

Let's talk dirty.

Hajdemo pričati prljavo.

A few years ago, oddly enough,

Prije nekoliko godina, začudo,

I needed the bathroom,

trebala sam ići na zahod

and I found one, a public bathroom,

i uspjela sam ga pronaći, javni WC,

and I went into the stall,

i ušla sam u kabinu,

and I prepared to do what I'd done most of my life:

i htjela napraviti ono što radim čitav svoj život:

use the toilet, flush the toilet, forget about the toilet.

poslužiti se toaletom, pustiti vodu i zaboraviti na to.

And for some reason that day, instead,

Iz nekog sam se razloga toga dana

I asked myself a question,

zapitala nešto:

and it was, where does this stuff go?

gdje to sve odlazi?

And with that question, I found myself plunged

I s tim sam pitanjem uronila

into the world of sanitation --

u svijet sanitacija --

there's more coming -- (Laughter) —

ima toga još -- (Smijeh) --

sanitation, toilets and poop,

sanitacija, zahoda i kakice,

and I have yet to emerge.

i još uvijek nisam izronila.

And that's because it's such an enraging,

A to je zato što taj svijet razbjesni,

yet engaging place to be.

ali i zaintrigira čovjeka.

To go back to that toilet,

Da se vratim na onaj zahod,

it wasn't a particularly fancy toilet,

nije on bio profinjen,

it wasn't as nice as this one

nije bio lijep kao ovaj iz

from the World Toilet Organization.

Svjetske organizacije za toalete.

That's the other WTO. (Laughter)

To je drugi WTO. (Smijeh)

But it had a lockable door, it had privacy, it had water,

Ali je imao vrata, nudio privatnost, imao

it had soap so I could wash my hands,

vodu i sapun za pranje ruku koje sam i

and I did because I'm a woman, and we do that.

oprala jer sam žena, a mi to radimo.

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Smijeh) (Pljesak)

But that day, when I asked that question,

Ali toga dana, kada sam se to zapitala,

I learned something, and that was that I'd grown up thinking

shvatila sam da sam odrasla misleći da

that a toilet like that was my right,

je takav zahod moje pravo,

when in fact it's a privilege.

a on je zapravo privilegija.

2.5 billion people worldwide have no adequate toilet.

2,5 milijardi ljudi nema adekvatan zahod.

They don't have a bucket or a box.

Oni nemaju kantu ili kutiju.

Forty percent of the world with no adequate toilet.

40 posto svijeta bez odgovarajućeg zahoda.

And they have to do what this little boy is doing

I svi oni rade isto što i ovaj dječak

by the side of the Mumbai Airport expressway,

pored zračne luke u Mumbaiju

which is called open defecation,

a to se zove otvorena defekacija

or poo-pooing in the open.

ili kakanje na otvorenom prostoru.

And he does that every day,

On to čini svakog dana,

and every day, probably, that guy in the picture

i vjerojatno svaki dan taj tip na slici

walks on by,

prođe pored njega,

because he sees that little boy, but he doesn't see him.

vidi tog dječaka, ali ga ne primijeti.

But he should, because the problem

Ali trebao bi zato što je problem

with all that poop lying around

u svoj toj kakici na otvorenom taj

is that poop carries passengers.

da je puna putnika.

Fifty communicable diseases like to travel in human shit.

50 zaraznih bolesti putuje ljudskim sranjem.

All those things, the eggs, the cysts,

Sve te stvari, jajašca, ciste,

the bacteria, the viruses, all those can travel

bakterije, virusi, svi oni mogu putovati

in one gram of human feces.

u jednom gramu ljudskog izmeta.

How? Well, that little boy will not have washed his hands.

Kako? Pa, onaj dječak neće oprati ruke.

He's barefoot. He'll run back into his house,

Bos je. Otrčat će nazad u svoju kuću,

and he will contaminate his drinking water and his food

kontaminirat će vodu za piće i hranu,

and his environment

kao i čitavu okolinu

with whatever diseases he may be carrying

bolešću čiji je prijenosnik

by fecal particles that are on his fingers and feet.

i to izmetnim česticama s prstiju i nogu.

In what I call the flushed-and-plumbed world

U svijetu s vodoinstalacijama

that most of us in this room are lucky to live in,

u kojem, srećom, većina nas ovdje živi,

the most common symptoms associated with those diseases,

najčešći simptomi ove bolesti,

diarrhea, is now a bit of a joke.

proljeva, su šale.

It's the runs, the Hershey squirts, the squits.

Radi se o trčkavici, špricanju.

Where I come from, we call it Delhi belly,

U mom kraju to zovemo pupak Delhija,

as a legacy of empire.

da se označi ostavština carstva.

But if you search for a stock photo of diarrhea

Ali ako potražite fotografiju proljeva

in a leading photo image agency,

u vodećim fotografskim agencijama,

this is the picture that you come up with.

dobit ćete ovu fotografiju.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Still not sure about the bikini.

Nije mi baš jasan taj bikini.

And here's another image of diarrhea.

A ovdje je još jedna slika proljeva.

This is Marie Saylee, nine months old.

Ovo je Marie Saylee, stara 9 mjeseci.

You can't see her, because she's buried

Ne možete ju vidjeti jer se nalazi

under that green grass in a little village in Liberia,

pod zemljom u malenom selu u Liberiji

because she died in three days from diarrhea --

jer je u samo tri dana umrla od proljeva --

the Hershey squirts, the runs, a joke.

trčkavice, špricanja, šale.

And that's her dad.

A to je njezin otac.

But she wasn't alone that day,

Ona nije bila sama taj dan

because 4,000 other children died of diarrhea,

jer je još 4000 djece umrlo od proljeva

and they do every day.

i umire ih toliko svaki dan.

Diarrhea is the second biggest killer of children worldwide,

Proljev je drugi najčešći uzrok smrti

and you've probably been asked to care about things

djece diljem svijeta i vjerojatno su vas

like HIV/AIDS or T.B. or measles,

upozoravali na HIV/AIDS, TBC ili ospice,

but diarrhea kills more children

ali proljev ubije više djece

than all those three things put together.

nego te tri bolesti zajedno.

It's a very potent weapon of mass destruction.

To je snažno oružje masovnog uništenja.

And the cost to the world is immense:

A cijena koju svijet plaća je neizmjerna:

260 billion dollars lost every year

260 milijardi dolara svake godine odlazi

on the losses to poor sanitation.

na gubitke zbog loših sanitarnih uvjeta.

These are cholera beds in Haiti.

Ovo su ležaji za koleru na Haitiju.

You'll have heard of cholera, but we don't hear about diarrhea.

Čuli ste o koleri, ali ne i o proljevu.

It gets a fraction of the attention and funding

On dobiva samo mali dio pažnje i sredstava

given to any of those other diseases.

koje dobivaju druge bolesti.

But we know how to fix this.

Ali znamo kako to ispraviti.

We know, because in the mid-19th century,

Znamo zato što su sredinom 19. stoljeća

wonderful Victorian engineers

divni viktorijanski inženjeri

installed systems of sewers and wastewater treatment

montirali kanalizacijske i sustave za obradu otpadnih voda i

and the flush toilet, and disease dropped dramatically.

zahode i broj se oboljelih znatno smanjio.

Child mortality dropped by the most

Smrtnost djece je opala

it had ever dropped in history.

najviše u povijesti čovječanstva.

The flush toilet was voted the best medical advance

Zahod su proglasili najznačajnijim medicinskim napretkom

of the last 200 years by the readers of the British Medical Journal,

u zadnjih 200 godina čitatelji British Medical Journala,

and they were choosing over the Pill, anesthesia,

a birali su između pilule, anestezije

and surgery.

i operativnih zahvata.

It's a wonderful waste disposal device.

To je divan uređaj za zbrinjavanje otpada.

But I think that it's so good — it doesn't smell,

Smatram da je odličan jer ne smrdi,

we can put it in our house, we can lock it behind a door —

može biti u kućama, možemo ga zaključati,

and I think we've locked it out of conversation too.

ali smo ga zaključali i kao temu za razgovor.

We don't have a neutral word for it.

Nemamo neutralnu riječ za to.

Poop's not particularly adequate.

Kakica nije baš prikladno.

Shit offends people. Feces is too medical.

Sranje je uvredljivo. Izmet medicinsko.

Because I can't explain otherwise,

Ne mogu drukčije objasniti to što

when I look at the figures, what's going on.

se događa kada pogledam statistiku.

We know how to solve diarrhea and sanitation,

Znamo kako riješiti proljev i sanitacije,

but if you look at the budgets of countries,

ali ako pogledate proračune država,

developing and developed,

onih u razvoju, ali i razvijenih,

you'll think there's something wrong with the math,

pomislit ćete da nešto nije uredu.

because you'll expect absurdities like

Očekujete apsurde poput onoga da Pakistan

Pakistan spending 47 times more on its military

troši 47 puta više na vojsku nego

than it does on water and sanitation,

na vodu i sanitarne uvjete,

even though 150,000 children die of diarrhea

iako 150 000 djece godišnje umre

in Pakistan every year.

u Pakistanu zbog proljeva.

But then you look at that already minuscule

A onda pogledate već sićušan proračun za

water and sanitation budget,

vodu i sanitacije i shvatite da

and 75 to 90 percent of it will go on clean water supply,

75 do 90 posto ide za opskrbu čistom vodom

which is great; we all need water.

što je odlično jer trebamo vodu.

No one's going to refuse clean water.

Nitko neće odbiti čistu vodu.

But the humble latrine, or flush toilet,

Ali skroman nužnik ili zahod smanjuje

reduces disease by twice as much

dva puta više broj bolesti nego

as just putting in clean water.

puko osiguravanje čiste vode.

Think about it. That little boy

Razmislite malo. Onaj dječak

who's running back into his house,

koji trči natrag u kuću

he may have a nice, clean fresh water supply,

možda tamo ima čistu vodu,

but he's got dirty hands that he's going to contaminate his water supply with.

ali njegove su ruke prljave i njima će kontaminirati tu vodu.

And I think that the real waste of human waste

Smatram da je prava šteta to što se ljudski otpad ne

is that we are wasting it as a resource

koristi kao resurs i

and as an incredible trigger for development,

kao nevjerojatni pokretač razvitka

because these are a few things that toilets

jer su ovo samo neke od stvari koje zahodi

and poop itself can do for us.

i kakica sama po sebi mogu učiniti za nas.

So a toilet can put a girl back in school.

Zahod može vratiti djevojčicu u školu.

Twenty-five percent of girls in India drop out of school

25 posto djevojčica u Indiji se ispiše iz škole

because they have no adequate sanitation.

jer nemaju odgovarajuće sanitarne uvjete.

They've been used to sitting through lessons

Naviknule su godinama sjediti

for years and years holding it in.

u školi i suzdržavati se.

We've all done that, but they do it every day,

Svi to nekad radimo, ali one svaki dan.

and when they hit puberty and they start menstruating,

A još kada uđu u pubertet i dobiju menstruaciju,

it just gets too much.

to postane previše za njih.

And I understand that. Who can blame them?

Razumijem to i tko ih može osuđivati?

So if you met an educationalist and said,

Kada biste osobi u obrazovanju rekli da

"I can improve education attendance rates by 25 percent

možete povećati stopu obrazovanja za 25 posto

with just one simple thing,"

jednom jednostavnom stvari,

you'd make a lot of friends in education.

imali biste puno prijatelja u obrazovnom sustavu.

That's not the only thing it can do for you.

I to nije jedino što može učiniti.

Poop can cook your dinner.

Kakica može skuhati vašu večeru.

It's got nutrients in it.

Sadrži hranjive tvari,

We ingest nutrients. We excrete nutrients as well.

a njih unosimo i izbacujemo.

We don't keep them all.

Ne zadržavamo ih sve u sebi.

In Rwanda, they are now getting

U Ruandi sada proizvode

75 percent of their cooking fuel in their prison system

75 posto goriva za kuhanje u zatvorima

from the contents of prisoners' bowels.

iz sadržaja crijeva zatvorenika.

So these are a bunch of inmates in a prison in Butare.

Ovo je hrpa zatvorenika u Butareu.

They're genocidal inmates, most of them,

Većina njih je genocidna,

and they're stirring the contents of their own latrines,

i miješaju sadržaj vlastitih nužnika

because if you put poop in a sealed environment, in a tank,

jer ako je kakica u zatvorenom prostoru, u spremniku

pretty much like a stomach,

kao što je želudac,

then, pretty much like a stomach, it gives off gas,

onda će nastajati plinovi, kao i u želucu,

and you can cook with it.

a na plin možete kuhati.

And you might think it's just good karma

I možda mislite da se radi o karmi

to see these guys stirring shit,

jer oni miješaju vlastita govna,

but it's also good economic sense,

ali to je i ekonomski isplativo jer

because they're saving a million dollars a year.

štede milijune dolara godišnje.

They're cutting down on deforestation,

Smanjuju krčenje šuma,

and they've found a fuel supply that is inexhaustible,

a pronašli su beskrajan izvor goriva

infinite and free at the point of production.

čija je proizvodnja besplatna.

It's not just in the poor world that poop can save lives.

Kakica ne spašava samo siromašne.

Here's a woman who's about to get a dose

Ovdje imamo ženu koja će dobiti dozu

of the brown stuff in those syringes,

smeđe stvari pomoću tih šprica,

which is what you think it is,

a to jest ono što mislite da jest,

except not quite, because it's actually donated.

iako ne u potpunosti jer je ovo donacija.

There is now a new career path called stool donor.

Postoji nova karijera -- donor stolice.

It's like the new sperm donor.

To je poput novog donora sperme.

Because she has been suffering from a superbug called C. diff,

Ona pati od bolesti C. difficile koja se

and it's resistant to antibiotics in many cases.

često ne može liječiti antibioticima.

She's been suffering for years.

Pati već godinama.

She gets a dose of healthy human feces,

Dobit će dozu zdravog ljudskog izmeta,

and the cure rate for this procedure is 94 percent.

a izlječenje je moguće u 94% slučajeva.

It's astonishing, but hardly anyone is still doing it.

Zadivljujuće je, ali slabo se prakticira.

Maybe it's the ick factor.

Možda zato što je ljudima fuj.

That's okay, because there's a team of research scientists

To je ok jer postoji tim stručnjaka u

in Canada who have now created a stool sample,

Kanadi koji su stvorili uzorak stolice,

a fake stool sample which is called RePOOPulate.

lažne stolice koja se zove ReKAKIlacija.

So you'd be thinking by now, okay, the solution's simple,

Možda mislite da je rješenje jednostavno,

we give everyone a toilet.

svima treba osigurati zahod.

And this is where it gets really interesting,

A tu stvari postaju zanimljive

because it's not that simple, because we are not simple.

jer nisu jednostavne kad ni mi nismo jednostavni.

So the really interesting, exciting work --

Najzanimljiviji dio svega ovoga

this is the engaging bit -- in sanitation is that

vezano za sanitarne uvjete jest taj

we need to understand human psychology.

da moramo razumjeti ljudsku psihu.

We need to understand software

Moramo poznavati softver,

as well as just giving someone hardware.

a ne samo osigurati hardver.

They've found in many developing countries that

U mnogim zemljama u razvoju

governments have gone in and given out free latrines

vlade su dijelile besplatne nužnike

and gone back a few years later and found that they've

i par godina kasnije otkrilo se da

got lots of new goat sheds or temples or spare rooms

postoji mnogo novih nastrešnica, hramova i slobodnih soba

with their owners happily walking past them

pored kojih vlasnici prolaze

and going over to the open defecating ground.

i vrše defekaciju na otvorenom.

So the idea is to manipulate human emotion.

Ideja je ta da se utječe na osjećaje.

It's been done for decades. The soap companies did it

To se radi desetljećima. Tvrtke za sapune

in the early 20th century.

su to radile u ranom 20. stoljeću.

They tried selling soap as healthy. No one bought it.

Sapun su neuspješno prodavali pod zdravo.

They tried selling it as sexy. Everyone bought it.

Kad su ga označili kao seksi, uspjeli su.

In India now there's a campaign

U Indiji traje kampanja koja

which persuades young brides

mlade nevjeste odgovara od

not to marry into families that don't have a toilet.

udaje ako obitelj ne posjeduje zahod.

It's called "No Loo, No I Do."

Zove se "Nema zahoda, nema zaruka".

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And in case you think that poster's just propaganda,

Ako mislite da se radi samo o propagandi,

here's Priyanka, 23 years old.

ovo je dvadesettrogodišnja Priyanka koju

I met her last October in India,

sam upoznala prošlog listopada u Indiji.

and she grew up in a conservative environment.

Odrasla je u konzervativnom okružju.

She grew up in a rural village in a poor area of India,

Odrasla je u siromašnom selu u Indiji,

and she was engaged at 14, and then at 21 or so,

zaručena je s 14, a kada je imala 21

she moved into her in-law's house.

uselila se kod svojte.

And she was horrified to get there and find

Bila je užasnuta kada je shvatila

that they didn't have a toilet.

da nemaju zahod.

She'd grown up with a latrine.

Odrasla je imajući nužnik.

It was no big deal, but it was a latrine.

Nije bio nešto posebno, ali je postojao.

And the first night she was there, she was told

Prve noći kad je došla rečeno joj je

that at 4 o'clock in the morning --

da u 4 sata ujutro --

her mother-in-law got her up, told her to go outside

probudila ju je svekrva i poslala van

and go and do it in the dark in the open.

da u tami obavi nuždu na otvorenom.

And she was scared. She was scared of drunks hanging around.

Bojala se pijanaca koji su se muvali tamo,

She was scared of snakes. She was scared of rape.

bojala se zmija. Da ne bude silovana.

After three days, she did an unthinkable thing.

Nakon 3 dana učinila je nešto nezamislivo.

She left.

Otišla je.

And if you know anything about rural India,

Ako znate išta o ruralnoj Indiji,

you'll know that's an unspeakably courageous thing to do.

znate da je to nevjerojatno hrabro.

But not just that.

Ali tu nije kraj.

She got her toilet, and now she goes around

Dobila je svoj zahod i sada ide po

all the other villages in India

drugim selima u Indiji i

persuading other women to do the same thing.

nagovara druge žene da učine isto.

It's what I call social contagion, and it's really powerful

To zovem društvena zaraza i jako je moćna

and really exciting.

i jako uzbudljiva.

Another version of this, another village in India

Još jedna inačica ovoga, još jedno selo

near where Priyanka lives

blizu onoga gdje Priyanka živi je

is this village, called Lakara, and about a year ago,

Lakara i otprilike prije godinu dana

it had no toilets whatsoever.

tu uopće nije bilo zahoda.

Kids were dying of diarrhea and cholera.

Djeca su umirala od proljeva i kolere.

Some visitors came, using various behavioral change tricks

Došli su neki posjetitelji i pomoću trikova za promjenu ponašanja

like putting out a plate of food and a plate of shit

kao što su promatranje muha koje lete od

and watching the flies go one to the other.

tanjura s hranom do onoga s izmetom

Somehow, people who'd been thinking

ljudi koji nisu mislili da rade nešto

that what they were doing was not disgusting at all

odvratno odjednom su shvatili

suddenly thought, "Oops."

da zapravo rade.

Not only that, but they were ingesting their neighbors' shit.

Također su unosili u sebe i govna susjeda.

That's what really made them change their behavior.

A to i je promijenilo njihovo ponašanje.

So this woman, this boy's mother

Tako je ova žena, majka dječaka

installed this latrine in a few hours.

napravila nužnik za par sati.

Her entire life, she'd been using the banana field behind,

Čitav je život koristila plantažu banana,

but she installed the latrine in a few hours.

a nužnik je bio gotov u par sati.

It cost nothing. It's going to save that boy's life.

Ništa nije stajao, a spasit će joj sina.

So when I get despondent about the state of sanitation,

Kad sam potištena zbog sanitarnih uvjeta,

even though these are pretty exciting times

iako su dobra vremena jer imamo

because we've got the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Zakladu Billa i Melinde Gates koja

reinventing the toilet, which is great,

obnavlja ideju zahoda i to je super,

we've got Matt Damon going on bathroom strike,

imamo Matta Damona u zahodskom štrajku

which is great for humanity, very bad for his colon.

koji je super za čovječanstvo, ali je jako loš za njegovo debelo crijevo.

But there are things to worry about.

Ali ima tu i razloga za brigu.

It's the most off-track Millennium Development Goal.

Radi se o najzapuštenijem milenijskom razvojnom cilju.

It's about 50 or so years off track.

Kasni pedesetak godina.

We're not going to meet targets,

Nećemo postići ciljeve

providing people with sanitation at this rate.

i svima osigurati sanitarne uvjete ako nastavimo ovim tempom.

So when I get sad about sanitation,

Kad se rastužim zbog sanitarnih uvjeta,

I think of Japan, because Japan 70 years ago

sjetim se Japana gdje su ljudi još prije

was a nation of people who used pit latrines

70 godina koristili vanjske zahode

and wiped with sticks,

i brisali se štapovima,

and now it's a nation of what are called Woshurettos,

a sada je to zemlja zahoda Woshuretto,

washlet toilets.

japanskih elektroničkih zahoda.

They have in-built bidet nozzles for a lovely,

Imaju ugrađene bide mlaznice za divno

hands-free cleaning experience,

čišćenje bez ruku,

and they have various other features

a imaju i druge značajke

like a heated seat and an automatic lid-raising device

kao grijano sjedalo i automatsko podizanje zahodske daske,

which is known as the "marriage-saver."

poznato i kao "spasitelj brakova".

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But most importantly, what they have done in Japan,

Ali ono najvažnije u Japanu,

which I find so inspirational,

a što nadahnjuje,

is they've brought the toilet out from behind the locked door.

jest to da je tema zahoda prihvatljiva.

They've made it conversational.

O tome se razgovara.

People go out and upgrade their toilet.

Ljudi nadograđuju svoje zahode,

They talk about it. They've sanitized it.

razgovaraju o tome, očistili su ih.

I hope that we can do that. It's not a difficult thing to do.

Nadam se da ćemo i mi. Nije teško.

All we really need to do

Sve što trebamo napraviti

is look at this issue

jest promatrati to pitanje

as the urgent, shameful issue that it is.

kao goruće i sramotno, što ono i jest.

And don't think that it's just in the poor world that things are wrong.

Stanje nije loše samo u siromašnim dijelovima svijeta.

Our sewers are crumbling.

Kanalizacije nam propadaju.

Things are going wrong here too.

Stvari su i ovdje loše.

The solution to all of this is pretty easy.

Rješenje za sve ovo je dosta jednostavno.

I'm going to make your lives easy this afternoon

Olakšat ću vam živote ovo popodne

and just ask you to do one thing,

i tražiti od vas samo jednu stvar,

and that's to go out, protest,

a to je da izađete i prosvjedujete,

speak about the unspeakable,

pričate o neizrecivome,

and talk shit.

da pričate sranja.

Thank you.

Hvala!

(Applause)

(Pljesak)