Rose George: Let's talk crap. Seriously.

173,200 views ใƒป 2013-04-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
0
0
7000
ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Let's talk dirty.
1
12532
4112
ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš.
00:16
A few years ago, oddly enough,
2
16644
2736
ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื“ื™,
00:19
I needed the bathroom,
3
19380
2734
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื,
00:22
and I found one, a public bathroom,
4
22114
3350
ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื,
00:25
and I went into the stall,
5
25464
2364
ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืชื,
00:27
and I prepared to do what I'd done most of my life:
6
27828
3297
ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื™:
00:31
use the toilet, flush the toilet, forget about the toilet.
7
31125
4542
ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืื•ืชื, ื•ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืžื”ื.
00:35
And for some reason that day, instead,
8
35667
2081
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ืžืฉื•ื-ืžื”,
00:37
I asked myself a question,
9
37748
2184
ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืืœื”,
00:39
and it was, where does this stuff go?
10
39932
3876
ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ืชื”: ืœืืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื?
00:43
And with that question, I found myself plunged
11
43808
3892
ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื•ืงืขืช
00:47
into the world of sanitation --
12
47700
4024
ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”--
00:51
there's more coming -- (Laughter) โ€”
13
51724
1565
ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“-- [ืฆื—ื•ืง]--
00:53
sanitation, toilets and poop,
14
53289
4569
ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”, ืืกืœื•ืช ื•ืงืงื™,
00:57
and I have yet to emerge.
15
57858
3073
ืื ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืืขืœื” ืžืฉื.
01:00
And that's because it's such an enraging,
16
60931
2305
ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืงื•ื
01:03
yet engaging place to be.
17
63236
3216
ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืจื’ื™ื– ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
01:06
To go back to that toilet,
18
66452
3256
ืื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืชื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื,
01:09
it wasn't a particularly fancy toilet,
19
69708
2794
ืืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
01:12
it wasn't as nice as this one
20
72502
1435
ืœื ื™ืคื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”,
01:13
from the World Toilet Organization.
21
73937
2931
ืž"ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™".
01:16
That's the other WTO. (Laughter)
22
76868
4267
ืื• ืืฉ"ืข. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:21
But it had a lockable door, it had privacy, it had water,
23
81135
3614
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื“ืœืช ืขื ืžื ืขื•ืœ, ื”ื™ืชื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื,
01:24
it had soap so I could wash my hands,
24
84749
2264
ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื,
01:27
and I did because I'm a woman, and we do that.
25
87013
3064
ื•ื›ืš ืขืฉื™ืชื™, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืืฉื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
01:30
(Laughter) (Applause)
26
90077
5608
[ืฆื—ื•ืง] [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
01:35
But that day, when I asked that question,
27
95685
2411
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ื›ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืฉืืœื”,
01:38
I learned something, and that was that I'd grown up thinking
28
98096
2733
ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื•, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชืจื’ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
01:40
that a toilet like that was my right,
29
100829
2215
ืฉื–ื›ื•ืชื™ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
01:43
when in fact it's a privilege.
30
103044
3178
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช-ื™ืชืจ.
01:46
2.5 billion people worldwide have no adequate toilet.
31
106222
5259
ืœ-2.5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ืื•ืชื™ื.
01:51
They don't have a bucket or a box.
32
111481
3940
ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ืœื™ ืื• ืืจื’ื–.
01:55
Forty percent of the world with no adequate toilet.
33
115421
4208
ืœ-40% ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื ืื•ืชื™ื.
01:59
And they have to do what this little boy is doing
34
119629
2497
ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
02:02
by the side of the Mumbai Airport expressway,
35
122126
2935
ืœืฆื“ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ืžื•ืžื‘ืื™,
02:05
which is called open defecation,
36
125061
2648
ื•ื–ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืชื—ืช ื›ื™ืคืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื",
02:07
or poo-pooing in the open.
37
127709
3355
ืื• "ื—ื™ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—".
02:11
And he does that every day,
38
131064
2234
ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื,
02:13
and every day, probably, that guy in the picture
39
133298
2499
ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ื ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”
02:15
walks on by,
40
135797
1854
ื—ื•ืœืฃ ืœื™ื“ื•,
02:17
because he sees that little boy, but he doesn't see him.
41
137651
3458
ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื•.
02:21
But he should, because the problem
42
141109
2120
ืื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
02:23
with all that poop lying around
43
143229
2360
ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืงืงื™ ืฉืžืคื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—,
02:25
is that poop carries passengers.
44
145589
3008
ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืงืงื™ ื™ืฉ ื˜ืจืžืคื™ืกื˜ื™ื.
02:28
Fifty communicable diseases like to travel in human shit.
45
148597
4299
50 ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืื•ื”ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืจื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
02:32
All those things, the eggs, the cysts,
46
152896
2421
ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ื”ืฉืœื—ื•ืคื•ืช,
02:35
the bacteria, the viruses, all those can travel
47
155317
2776
ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื, ื”ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื, ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ
02:38
in one gram of human feces.
48
158093
3408
ื‘ื’ืจื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
02:41
How? Well, that little boy will not have washed his hands.
49
161501
3712
ืื™ืš? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื ื™ืจื—ืฅ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
02:45
He's barefoot. He'll run back into his house,
50
165213
2496
ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ืฃ. ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฅ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
02:47
and he will contaminate his drinking water and his food
51
167709
3655
ื•ื™ื–ื”ื ืืช ืžื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ื” ืฉืœื•, ืืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•
02:51
and his environment
52
171364
1404
ื•ืืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื•
02:52
with whatever diseases he may be carrying
53
172768
2397
ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื—ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื™ ื ื•ืฉื
02:55
by fecal particles that are on his fingers and feet.
54
175165
5749
ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ ืฆื•ืื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืขืœ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื›ืคื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื•.
03:00
In what I call the flushed-and-plumbed world
55
180914
2272
ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” "ืขื•ืœื ื”ื ื™ืื’ืจื” ื•ื”ืฆื ืจืช",
03:03
that most of us in this room are lucky to live in,
56
183186
2627
ืฉืœืžืจื‘ื™ืชื ื• ื”ืชืžื–ืœ ื”ืžื–ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•,
03:05
the most common symptoms associated with those diseases,
57
185813
3049
ื”ืชืกืžื™ืŸ ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืืœื”,
03:08
diarrhea, is now a bit of a joke.
58
188862
2826
ื”ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ, ืžืฉืžืฉ ื ื•ืฉื ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช,
03:11
It's the runs, the Hershey squirts, the squits.
59
191688
3691
ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• "ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื" ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
03:15
Where I come from, we call it Delhi belly,
60
195379
1850
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืžื ื• ืื ื™ ื‘ืื”, ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” "ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื“ืœื”ื™",
03:17
as a legacy of empire.
61
197229
2608
ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื”.
03:19
But if you search for a stock photo of diarrhea
62
199837
3740
ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชื—ืคืฉื• ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ,
03:23
in a leading photo image agency,
63
203577
2791
ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”,
03:26
this is the picture that you come up with.
64
206368
2020
ื–ื• ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืชืžืฆืื•.
03:28
(Laughter)
65
208388
1865
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
03:30
Still not sure about the bikini.
66
210253
5179
ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™.
03:35
And here's another image of diarrhea.
67
215432
2496
ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ.
03:37
This is Marie Saylee, nine months old.
68
217928
3112
ื–ืืช ืžืืจื™ ืกื™ื™ืœื™, ื‘ืช 9 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
03:41
You can't see her, because she's buried
69
221040
1799
ืืชื ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืจื”
03:42
under that green grass in a little village in Liberia,
70
222839
3283
ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขืฉื‘ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื”,
03:46
because she died in three days from diarrhea --
71
226122
3562
ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืชื” ืชื•ืš 3 ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฉืœืฉื•ืœ
03:49
the Hershey squirts, the runs, a joke.
72
229684
3629
ืื• ื›ืœ ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื“ื— ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื.
03:53
And that's her dad.
73
233313
2479
ื•ื–ื” ืื‘ื™ื”.
03:55
But she wasn't alone that day,
74
235792
1562
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื,
03:57
because 4,000 other children died of diarrhea,
75
237354
3800
ื›ื™ ืขื•ื“ 4,000 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื• ืžืฉืœืฉื•ืœ,
04:01
and they do every day.
76
241154
2670
ื•ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ื›ืš ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื.
04:03
Diarrhea is the second biggest killer of children worldwide,
77
243824
4999
ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื— ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
04:08
and you've probably been asked to care about things
78
248823
2672
ื•ืืชื ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื“ืจืฉืชื ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ
04:11
like HIV/AIDS or T.B. or measles,
79
251495
3161
ืื™ื™ื“ืก, ืฉื—ืคืช ืื• ื—ืฆื‘ืช,
04:14
but diarrhea kills more children
80
254656
1344
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ ื”ื•ืจื’ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
04:16
than all those three things put together.
81
256000
3712
ืžื›ืœ ืืœื” ื’ื ื™ื—ื“.
04:19
It's a very potent weapon of mass destruction.
82
259712
4342
ื–ื”ื• ื ืฉืง ื”ืฉืžื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:24
And the cost to the world is immense:
83
264054
3148
ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื:
04:27
260 billion dollars lost every year
84
267202
2489
ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ื‘ืกืš 260 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”
04:29
on the losses to poor sanitation.
85
269691
2993
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชื‘ืจื•ืื” ื’ืจื•ืขื”.
04:32
These are cholera beds in Haiti.
86
272684
1681
ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ ื›ื•ืœืจื” ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™.
04:34
You'll have heard of cholera, but we don't hear about diarrhea.
87
274365
3499
ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืœื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ.
04:37
It gets a fraction of the attention and funding
88
277864
2184
ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื‘ืจื™ืจ ืžืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ
04:40
given to any of those other diseases.
89
280048
3716
ืฉืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
04:43
But we know how to fix this.
90
283764
2412
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
04:46
We know, because in the mid-19th century,
91
286176
3520
ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื” ื”-19,
04:49
wonderful Victorian engineers
92
289696
2389
ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื
04:52
installed systems of sewers and wastewater treatment
93
292085
2803
ื”ืชืงื™ื ื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืฉืคื›ื™ื
04:54
and the flush toilet, and disease dropped dramatically.
94
294888
4711
ื•ืืช ื”ืืกืœื” ื”ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ื“ื—ื”, ื•ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืคื—ืชื• ืคืœืื™ื.
04:59
Child mortality dropped by the most
95
299599
1909
ืชืžื•ืชืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืคื—ืชื” ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”
05:01
it had ever dropped in history.
96
301508
2190
ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
05:03
The flush toilet was voted the best medical advance
97
303698
2946
ืืกืœืช ื”ื”ื“ื—ื” ื”ื•ื›ืจื–ื” ื›ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:06
of the last 200 years by the readers of the British Medical Journal,
98
306644
3180
ืžื–ื” 200 ืฉื ื”, ื‘ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจืื™ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™.
05:09
and they were choosing over the Pill, anesthesia,
99
309824
2843
ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื’ืœื•ืœื”, ื”ื”ืจื“ืžื”
05:12
and surgery.
100
312667
1408
ื•ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—.
05:14
It's a wonderful waste disposal device.
101
314075
2721
ื–ื”ื• ืžืชืงืŸ ื ืคืœื ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจื•ืช ืžืคืกื•ืœืช.
05:16
But I think that it's so good โ€” it doesn't smell,
102
316796
3618
ืืš ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”-- ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืกืจื™ื—ื”,
05:20
we can put it in our house, we can lock it behind a door โ€”
103
320414
2779
ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื“ืœืช--
05:23
and I think we've locked it out of conversation too.
104
323193
3004
ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื’ื ืกื’ืจื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฉื™ื— ืฉืœื ื•.
05:26
We don't have a neutral word for it.
105
326197
1655
ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžื™ืœื” ื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ืช ืœื–ื”.
05:27
Poop's not particularly adequate.
106
327852
1943
"ืงืงื™" ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื™ืœื” ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
05:29
Shit offends people. Feces is too medical.
107
329795
4125
"ื—ืจื" ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ืช. "ืฆื•ืื”" - ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืžื“ื™.
05:33
Because I can't explain otherwise,
108
333920
2192
ื›ื™ ืื—ืจืช ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ,
05:36
when I look at the figures, what's going on.
109
336112
3568
ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”.
05:39
We know how to solve diarrhea and sanitation,
110
339680
2574
ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ ื•ื”ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”,
05:42
but if you look at the budgets of countries,
111
342254
2330
ืื‘ืœ ืื ืจื•ืื™ื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
05:44
developing and developed,
112
344584
2321
ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช,
05:46
you'll think there's something wrong with the math,
113
346905
2551
ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ,
05:49
because you'll expect absurdities like
114
349456
2826
ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ื•ื—ื›ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ,
05:52
Pakistan spending 47 times more on its military
115
352282
2882
ืฉืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืคื™ 47 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœื”
05:55
than it does on water and sanitation,
116
355164
2281
ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”,
05:57
even though 150,000 children die of diarrhea
117
357445
2808
ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉ-150,000 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื™ื ืžืฉืœืฉื•ืœ
06:00
in Pakistan every year.
118
360253
2099
ื‘ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
06:02
But then you look at that already minuscule
119
362352
1960
ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื–ืขื™ืจ ืžืžื™ืœื
06:04
water and sanitation budget,
120
364312
1894
ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”,
06:06
and 75 to 90 percent of it will go on clean water supply,
121
366206
3484
70-90% ืžืžื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืืกืคืงืช ืžื™ื ื–ื›ื™ื,
06:09
which is great; we all need water.
122
369690
1953
ื•ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ; ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ื.
06:11
No one's going to refuse clean water.
123
371643
2307
ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ืกืจื‘ ืœืžื™ื ื–ื›ื™ื.
06:13
But the humble latrine, or flush toilet,
124
373950
2951
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ืจืื” ื”ืฆื ื•ืขื”, ืื• ืืกืœืช ื”ื”ื“ื—ื”,
06:16
reduces disease by twice as much
125
376901
2109
ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื
06:19
as just putting in clean water.
126
379010
2424
ืžื”ื‘ืืช ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื.
06:21
Think about it. That little boy
127
381434
1311
ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”. ืื•ืชื• ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ
06:22
who's running back into his house,
128
382745
1855
ืฉืจืฅ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
06:24
he may have a nice, clean fresh water supply,
129
384600
2110
ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื ืืกืคืงื” ื ื—ืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื–ื›ื™ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื™ื,
06:26
but he's got dirty hands that he's going to contaminate his water supply with.
130
386710
4460
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื”ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœื•.
06:31
And I think that the real waste of human waste
131
391170
3504
ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
06:34
is that we are wasting it as a resource
132
394674
2768
ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžืฉืื‘
06:37
and as an incredible trigger for development,
133
397442
3760
ื•ื›ืžื ื™ืข ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื—,
06:41
because these are a few things that toilets
134
401202
2150
ื›ื™ ืืœื” ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื™-ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
06:43
and poop itself can do for us.
135
403352
2930
ื•ื”ืงืงื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขื ื ื•.
06:46
So a toilet can put a girl back in school.
136
406282
3176
ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื™ืช-ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื™ืœื“ื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
06:49
Twenty-five percent of girls in India drop out of school
137
409458
2832
25% ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื ื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืžื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื
06:52
because they have no adequate sanitation.
138
412290
3518
ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืชื‘ืจื•ืื” ื ืื•ืชื”.
06:55
They've been used to sitting through lessons
139
415808
1765
ื”ืŸ ื”ืชืจื’ืœื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
06:57
for years and years holding it in.
140
417573
2917
ื•ืœื”ืชืืคืง, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
07:00
We've all done that, but they do it every day,
141
420490
2760
ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื”ื’ื ื• ื›ืš, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•,
07:03
and when they hit puberty and they start menstruating,
142
423250
2556
ื•ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื•ืกืช,
07:05
it just gets too much.
143
425806
2343
ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ.
07:08
And I understand that. Who can blame them?
144
428149
3541
ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ื–ื”. ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ?
07:11
So if you met an educationalist and said,
145
431690
1926
ืื– ืื ืชืคื’ืฉื• ืื™ืฉ-ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืชืืžืจื• ืœื•,
07:13
"I can improve education attendance rates by 25 percent
146
433616
2874
"ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘-25%
07:16
with just one simple thing,"
147
436490
2198
ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืื—ื“."
07:18
you'd make a lot of friends in education.
148
438688
2813
ืชืจื›ืฉื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
07:21
That's not the only thing it can do for you.
149
441501
2535
ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.
07:24
Poop can cook your dinner.
150
444036
3060
ื”ืงืงื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืืช ืืจื•ื—ืชื›ื.
07:27
It's got nutrients in it.
151
447096
1694
ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื.
07:28
We ingest nutrients. We excrete nutrients as well.
152
448790
2461
ืื ื• ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื. ืื ื• ื’ื ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื.
07:31
We don't keep them all.
153
451251
1852
ืื ื• ืœื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืืฆืœื ื•.
07:33
In Rwanda, they are now getting
154
453103
2627
ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื” ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
07:35
75 percent of their cooking fuel in their prison system
155
455730
2844
75% ืžื“ืœืง ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ
07:38
from the contents of prisoners' bowels.
156
458574
3362
ืžืชื›ื•ืœืช ืžืขื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื.
07:41
So these are a bunch of inmates in a prison in Butare.
157
461936
3786
ื–ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื ื‘ื‘ื•ื˜ืืจื”.
07:45
They're genocidal inmates, most of them,
158
465722
2152
ื”ื ื›ืœื•ืื™ื ื‘ืืฉืžืช ืจืฆื—-ืขื, ืจื•ื‘ื,
07:47
and they're stirring the contents of their own latrines,
159
467874
3648
ื•ื”ื ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื—ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
07:51
because if you put poop in a sealed environment, in a tank,
160
471522
3311
ื›ื™ ืื ืฉืžื™ื ืงืงื™ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืื˜ื•ืžื”, ื‘ืžื™ื›ืœ,
07:54
pretty much like a stomach,
161
474833
1756
ืžืื“ ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืงื™ื‘ื”,
07:56
then, pretty much like a stomach, it gives off gas,
162
476589
2813
ืื– ืžืื“ ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืงื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ืžืคื™ืงื” ื’ื–,
07:59
and you can cook with it.
163
479402
2025
ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื•.
08:01
And you might think it's just good karma
164
481427
2143
ืื•ืœื™ ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื–ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงืืจืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
08:03
to see these guys stirring shit,
165
483570
2472
ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืืœื” ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื—ืจื,
08:06
but it's also good economic sense,
166
486042
2300
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘,
08:08
because they're saving a million dollars a year.
167
488342
2066
ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”.
08:10
They're cutting down on deforestation,
168
490408
2006
ื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ื ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช,
08:12
and they've found a fuel supply that is inexhaustible,
169
492414
2903
ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ื“ืœื”,
08:15
infinite and free at the point of production.
170
495317
4742
ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื™, ืžืืชืจ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
08:20
It's not just in the poor world that poop can save lives.
171
500059
3348
ื”ืงืงื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขื ื™.
08:23
Here's a woman who's about to get a dose
172
503407
2152
ื”ื ื” ืืฉื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื ื”
08:25
of the brown stuff in those syringes,
173
505559
1753
ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืžื–ืจืงื™ื,
08:27
which is what you think it is,
174
507312
1936
ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื”,
08:29
except not quite, because it's actually donated.
175
509248
3044
ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื• ืชืจื•ืžื”.
08:32
There is now a new career path called stool donor.
176
512292
2882
ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื "ืชืจื•ืžืช ืฆื•ืื”".
08:35
It's like the new sperm donor.
177
515174
1820
ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืชืจื•ืžืช ื–ืจืข.
08:36
Because she has been suffering from a superbug called C. diff,
178
516994
2993
ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื“ืง-ืขืœ ื‘ืฉื ืงืœื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ื ื“ื™ืคื™ืกื™ืœ,
08:39
and it's resistant to antibiotics in many cases.
179
519987
3444
ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืžื™ื“ ืœืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ืืฆืœ ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
08:43
She's been suffering for years.
180
523431
1512
ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื.
08:44
She gets a dose of healthy human feces,
181
524943
3092
ื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžื ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื”,
08:48
and the cure rate for this procedure is 94 percent.
182
528035
4481
ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ื—ืœืžื” ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื 94%.
08:52
It's astonishing, but hardly anyone is still doing it.
183
532516
4398
ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช.
08:56
Maybe it's the ick factor.
184
536914
2022
ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืงื“ื ื”ืื™ื›ืกื”.
08:58
That's okay, because there's a team of research scientists
185
538936
2870
ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™ ืžื—ืงืจ
09:01
in Canada who have now created a stool sample,
186
541806
2977
ื‘ืงื ื“ื”, ืฉื™ืฆืจื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื“ื’ื™ืžืช ืฆื•ืื”,
09:04
a fake stool sample which is called RePOOPulate.
187
544783
2784
ื“ื’ื™ืžืช ืฆื•ืื” ืžื–ื•ื™ืคืช ืฉื ืงืจืืช "ืจื™ืคื•ืคื™ื•ืœื™ื™ื˜".
09:07
So you'd be thinking by now, okay, the solution's simple,
188
547567
2288
ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜,
09:09
we give everyone a toilet.
189
549855
1885
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืชื™-ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
09:11
And this is where it gets really interesting,
190
551740
2153
ื•ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
09:13
because it's not that simple, because we are not simple.
191
553893
2925
ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื.
09:16
So the really interesting, exciting work --
192
556818
4093
ืื– ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื•ื”ืžืœื”ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืช--
09:20
this is the engaging bit -- in sanitation is that
193
560911
2936
ื•ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืจืชืง-- ื‘ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”,
09:23
we need to understand human psychology.
194
563847
2328
ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
09:26
We need to understand software
195
566175
2376
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื”
09:28
as well as just giving someone hardware.
196
568551
2352
ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื”.
09:30
They've found in many developing countries that
197
570903
1782
ื’ื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืจืฆื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช,
09:32
governments have gone in and given out free latrines
198
572685
2722
ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื•ืกื™ืคืงื• ื‘ืชื™-ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื,
09:35
and gone back a few years later and found that they've
199
575407
2156
ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ื’ื™ืœื•
09:37
got lots of new goat sheds or temples or spare rooms
200
577563
4123
ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื™ืจื™ ืขื–ื™ื ื•ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื• ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
09:41
with their owners happily walking past them
201
581686
2367
ื›ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื—ื•ืœืคื™ื ืœื™ื“ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”
09:44
and going over to the open defecating ground.
202
584053
3810
ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคืชื•ื—.
09:47
So the idea is to manipulate human emotion.
203
587863
3024
ืื– ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
09:50
It's been done for decades. The soap companies did it
204
590887
2501
ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื. ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช
09:53
in the early 20th century.
205
593388
1939
ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-20.
09:55
They tried selling soap as healthy. No one bought it.
206
595327
2759
ื”ืŸ ื ื™ืกื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ื. ืœื ืงื ื• ืื•ืชื•.
09:58
They tried selling it as sexy. Everyone bought it.
207
598086
4167
ื”ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืกืงืกื™. ื›ื•ืœื ืงื ื• ืื•ืชื•.
10:02
In India now there's a campaign
208
602253
1355
ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ืžืชื ื”ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืกืข ืคืจืกื•ื
10:03
which persuades young brides
209
603608
2546
ืฉืžืฉื›ื ืข ื›ืœื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช
10:06
not to marry into families that don't have a toilet.
210
606154
3098
ืœื ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
10:09
It's called "No Loo, No I Do."
211
609252
2668
ื–ื” ื ืงืจื: "ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื - ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ"
10:11
(Laughter)
212
611920
2347
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
10:14
And in case you think that poster's just propaganda,
213
614267
1975
ื•ืื ื ืจืื” ืœื›ื ืฉื”ื›ืจื–ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืชืขืžื•ืœื”,
10:16
here's Priyanka, 23 years old.
214
616242
2100
ื”ื ื” ืคืจื™ืื ืงื”, ื‘ืช ื”-23,
10:18
I met her last October in India,
215
618342
2121
ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
10:20
and she grew up in a conservative environment.
216
620463
3057
ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืžืจื ื™ืช.
10:23
She grew up in a rural village in a poor area of India,
217
623520
3096
ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ, ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืขื ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
10:26
and she was engaged at 14, and then at 21 or so,
218
626616
4166
ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืืจืกื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 14, ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 21 ื‘ืขืจืš
10:30
she moved into her in-law's house.
219
630782
1771
ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ืชื ื™ื”.
10:32
And she was horrified to get there and find
220
632553
2035
ื•ืœืื™ืžืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืื”
10:34
that they didn't have a toilet.
221
634588
1292
ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
10:35
She'd grown up with a latrine.
222
635880
1367
ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืขื ืžื—ืจืื”.
10:37
It was no big deal, but it was a latrine.
223
637247
1954
ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืžื—ืจืื”.
10:39
And the first night she was there, she was told
224
639201
2023
ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ืฉื, ื ืืžืจ ืœื”
10:41
that at 4 o'clock in the morning --
225
641224
1207
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘-4 ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ--
10:42
her mother-in-law got her up, told her to go outside
226
642431
2839
ื”ื—ื•ืชื ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ืื” ืืœื™ื”, ืืžืจื” ืœื” ืœืฆืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
10:45
and go and do it in the dark in the open.
227
645270
2820
ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคืชื•ื—.
10:48
And she was scared. She was scared of drunks hanging around.
228
648090
2070
ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœืช. ื”ื™ื ืคื—ื“ื” ืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื• ืฉื.
10:50
She was scared of snakes. She was scared of rape.
229
650160
2874
ื”ื™ื ืคื—ื“ื” ืžื ื—ืฉื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืคื—ื“ื” ืžืื•ื ืก.
10:53
After three days, she did an unthinkable thing.
230
653034
2482
ืื—ืจื™ 3 ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืขืฉื”.
10:55
She left.
231
655516
1740
ื”ื™ื ื”ืกืชืœืงื”.
10:57
And if you know anything about rural India,
232
657256
1585
ื•ืื ืื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช,
10:58
you'll know that's an unspeakably courageous thing to do.
233
658841
3478
ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ืืžื™ืฅ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ืชืชื•ืืจ.
11:02
But not just that.
234
662319
1057
ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”.
11:03
She got her toilet, and now she goes around
235
663376
2412
ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ื™ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช
11:05
all the other villages in India
236
665788
1598
ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•
11:07
persuading other women to do the same thing.
237
667386
1753
ื•ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช ื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืžื•ื”.
11:09
It's what I call social contagion, and it's really powerful
238
669139
3461
ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื›ืš "ื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช", ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขื•ืฆืžื”
11:12
and really exciting.
239
672600
2175
ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืœื”ื™ื‘.
11:14
Another version of this, another village in India
240
674775
2089
ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืื—ืจืช, ื›ืคืจ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•
11:16
near where Priyanka lives
241
676864
1997
ืœื™ื“ ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ืื ืงื”,
11:18
is this village, called Lakara, and about a year ago,
242
678861
3875
ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืฉืžื• ืœืืงืืจื”, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื ื”,
11:22
it had no toilets whatsoever.
243
682736
1451
ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
11:24
Kids were dying of diarrhea and cholera.
244
684187
2294
ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื• ืžืฉืœืฉื•ืœ ื•ื›ื•ืœืจื”.
11:26
Some visitors came, using various behavioral change tricks
245
686481
4342
ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื›ืžื” ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืชื›ืกื™ืกื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช
11:30
like putting out a plate of food and a plate of shit
246
690823
2794
ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฆืœื—ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืฆืœื—ืช ื—ืจื,
11:33
and watching the flies go one to the other.
247
693617
2217
ื•ืฉื™ืจืื• ืื™ืš ื”ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.
11:35
Somehow, people who'd been thinking
248
695834
2567
ืžืฉื•ื-ืžื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื•
11:38
that what they were doing was not disgusting at all
249
698401
1529
ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื• ืขื“ ืื– ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžื’ืขื™ืœ
11:39
suddenly thought, "Oops."
250
699930
1872
ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืคืชืื•ื, "ืื•ืคืก!"
11:41
Not only that, but they were ingesting their neighbors' shit.
251
701802
2327
ื•ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ืื›ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื,
11:44
That's what really made them change their behavior.
252
704129
3128
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื’ืจื ืœื”ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื.
11:47
So this woman, this boy's mother
253
707257
2536
ืื– ื”ืืฉื” ื”ื–ื•, ืื™ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื–ื”,
11:49
installed this latrine in a few hours.
254
709793
2485
ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื—ืจืื” ื”ื–ื• ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช.
11:52
Her entire life, she'd been using the banana field behind,
255
712278
2383
ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืžื˜ืข ื”ื‘ื ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจ,
11:54
but she installed the latrine in a few hours.
256
714661
1568
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื—ืจืื” ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช.
11:56
It cost nothing. It's going to save that boy's life.
257
716229
3673
ื–ื” ืœื ืขืœื” ืœื” ื›ืœื•ื. ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื ื”.
11:59
So when I get despondent about the state of sanitation,
258
719902
3191
ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื›ื“ื›ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”,
12:03
even though these are pretty exciting times
259
723093
2196
ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืืœื” ื–ืžื ื™ื ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื,
12:05
because we've got the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
260
725289
2578
ื›ื™ ื›ืขืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช "ืงืจืŸ ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืžืœื™ื ื“ื” ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก"
12:07
reinventing the toilet, which is great,
261
727867
2062
ืฉืžืžืฆื™ืื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื ืคืœื,
12:09
we've got Matt Damon going on bathroom strike,
262
729929
2554
ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื™ืชืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื,
12:12
which is great for humanity, very bad for his colon.
263
732483
3735
ืฉื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื’ืจื•ืข ืœืžืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
12:16
But there are things to worry about.
264
736218
1714
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื.
12:17
It's the most off-track Millennium Development Goal.
265
737932
2758
ื–ื”ื• ื™ืขื“ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™.
12:20
It's about 50 or so years off track.
266
740690
2346
ื–ื” ืžืขื•ื›ื‘ ื‘-50 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืจืš.
12:23
We're not going to meet targets,
267
743036
1336
ืื ื• ืœื ื ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช,
12:24
providing people with sanitation at this rate.
268
744372
3285
ืœืกืคืง ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”, ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
12:27
So when I get sad about sanitation,
269
747657
3481
ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื ืขืฆื‘ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื‘ืจื•ืื”,
12:31
I think of Japan, because Japan 70 years ago
270
751138
3319
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื™ืคืŸ, ื›ื™ ื™ืคืŸ, ืœืคื ื™ 70 ืฉื ื”,
12:34
was a nation of people who used pit latrines
271
754457
2589
ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื—ืจืื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืขื”,
12:37
and wiped with sticks,
272
757046
2132
ื•ื ื™ื’ื‘ื• ืขื ืžืงืœื•ืช,
12:39
and now it's a nation of what are called Woshurettos,
273
759178
3327
ื•ื›ืขืช ื–ื• ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื•ื™ "ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืคื”",
12:42
washlet toilets.
274
762505
1480
ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืขื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื”.
12:43
They have in-built bidet nozzles for a lovely,
275
763985
2344
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืชื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืžื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื
12:46
hands-free cleaning experience,
276
766329
2745
ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื ื—ืžื“ื” ืœืœื ืžื’ืข ื™ื“ื™ื™ื,
12:49
and they have various other features
277
769074
2172
ื•ื’ื ืœื”ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช
12:51
like a heated seat and an automatic lid-raising device
278
771246
2975
ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืžืžื™ื ื•ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืจืžื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืกืœื”
12:54
which is known as the "marriage-saver."
279
774221
2341
ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ื›"ืžืฆื™ืœ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ".
12:56
(Laughter)
280
776562
1456
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
12:58
But most importantly, what they have done in Japan,
281
778018
2405
ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื™ืคืŸ,
13:00
which I find so inspirational,
282
780423
1500
ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจืื”,
13:01
is they've brought the toilet out from behind the locked door.
283
781923
2564
ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื”ื ืขื•ืœื•ืช.
13:04
They've made it conversational.
284
784487
1501
ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœื ื•ืฉื ืœืฉื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.
13:05
People go out and upgrade their toilet.
285
785988
3402
ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื“ืจื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
13:09
They talk about it. They've sanitized it.
286
789390
4408
ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžืงื•ื‘ืœ.
13:13
I hope that we can do that. It's not a difficult thing to do.
287
793798
4480
ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื’ื ืื ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ. ื–ื” ืœื ืงืฉื”
13:18
All we really need to do
288
798278
2270
ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช
13:20
is look at this issue
289
800548
1842
ื”ื•ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื:
13:22
as the urgent, shameful issue that it is.
290
802390
4312
ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื“ื—ื•ืคื” ื•ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืฉื”.
13:26
And don't think that it's just in the poor world that things are wrong.
291
806702
2773
ื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืจืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉื™ื.
13:29
Our sewers are crumbling.
292
809475
2164
ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื• ืงื•ืจืกื•ืช.
13:31
Things are going wrong here too.
293
811639
2167
ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื‘ืฉื™ื ื’ื ืคื”.
13:33
The solution to all of this is pretty easy.
294
813806
2899
ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืงืœ ืœืžื“ื™.
13:36
I'm going to make your lives easy this afternoon
295
816705
1721
ื”ืขืจื‘ ืืงืœ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื›ื
13:38
and just ask you to do one thing,
296
818426
2353
ื•ืื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“,
13:40
and that's to go out, protest,
297
820779
3076
ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืฆืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ืœืžื—ื•ืช,
13:43
speak about the unspeakable,
298
823855
2238
ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉืชื™ืงื” ื™ืคื” ืœื•,
13:46
and talk shit.
299
826093
1539
ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ืจื.
13:47
Thank you.
300
827632
1954
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
13:49
(Applause)
301
829586
5324
[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7