Rose George: Let's talk crap. Seriously.

172,911 views ・ 2013-04-15

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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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譯者: Jamie Wang 審譯者: Emma Chiang
00:12
Let's talk dirty.
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我們來說點"髒話"吧
00:16
A few years ago, oddly enough,
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幾年前 奇怪的是
00:19
I needed the bathroom,
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我需要去上廁所
00:22
and I found one, a public bathroom,
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我找到了一間公共廁所
00:25
and I went into the stall,
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我走進廁所間的時候
00:27
and I prepared to do what I'd done most of my life:
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正要準備做我這一生常做的事
00:31
use the toilet, flush the toilet, forget about the toilet.
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那就是方便後 沖水 再將一切拋諸腦後
00:35
And for some reason that day, instead,
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不知道什麼原因 那天
00:37
I asked myself a question,
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我反而問了自己一個問題
00:39
and it was, where does this stuff go?
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那就是 這些東西會到哪裡?
00:43
And with that question, I found myself plunged
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這個問題使我陷入了--
00:47
into the world of sanitation --
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一個關於衛生的世界--
00:51
there's more coming -- (Laughter) —
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後面還有呢 --(笑聲)--
00:53
sanitation, toilets and poop,
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一個關於衛生、馬桶以及糞便的世界
00:57
and I have yet to emerge.
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而我至今還未浮上來
01:00
And that's because it's such an enraging,
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因為 那是個多麼令人激動
01:03
yet engaging place to be.
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又令人著迷的世界
01:06
To go back to that toilet,
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回到馬桶的故事
01:09
it wasn't a particularly fancy toilet,
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那個馬桶並沒有什麼特別之處
01:12
it wasn't as nice as this one
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也沒有比
01:13
from the World Toilet Organization.
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「世界馬桶組織」的馬桶來的好
01:16
That's the other WTO. (Laughter)
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簡稱也叫WTO的組織 (笑聲)
01:21
But it had a lockable door, it had privacy, it had water,
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可是它有可鎖的門 有隱私 有水
01:24
it had soap so I could wash my hands,
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它有肥皂可以讓我洗手
01:27
and I did because I'm a woman, and we do that.
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而我當然洗了 因為我是女人 我們都會洗
01:30
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(笑聲)(掌聲)
01:35
But that day, when I asked that question,
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可是那天 我問了那個問題
01:38
I learned something, and that was that I'd grown up thinking
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我學到了件事: 一直以來 在我成長過程中
01:40
that a toilet like that was my right,
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我以為使用馬桶是我的權利
01:43
when in fact it's a privilege.
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可是其實那是一種特權
01:46
2.5 billion people worldwide have no adequate toilet.
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全世界有25億人沒有馬桶
01:51
They don't have a bucket or a box.
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他們沒有一個桶子或箱子
01:55
Forty percent of the world with no adequate toilet.
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全世界有百分之四十的人沒有馬桶
01:59
And they have to do what this little boy is doing
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他們只能像這個小男孩一樣
02:02
by the side of the Mumbai Airport expressway,
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在孟買機場的高速公路邊
02:05
which is called open defecation,
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這被稱為隨地排便
02:07
or poo-pooing in the open.
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或者叫做在戶外上大號
02:11
And he does that every day,
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他每天都得這樣做
02:13
and every day, probably, that guy in the picture
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每一天 在照片上的男人可能
02:15
walks on by,
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會路過 卻無動於衷
02:17
because he sees that little boy, but he doesn't see him.
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因為他雖然看到了小男孩 卻沒有真正看進眼底
02:21
But he should, because the problem
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可是他應該要的 因為
02:23
with all that poop lying around
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這麼多糞便在地上所帶來的問題
02:25
is that poop carries passengers.
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就是糞便上載著一些"乘客"
02:28
Fifty communicable diseases like to travel in human shit.
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50種傳染病喜歡以人的糞便來傳播
02:32
All those things, the eggs, the cysts,
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所有的東西 包括蛋、囊、
02:35
the bacteria, the viruses, all those can travel
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細菌、病毒 所有這些東西
02:38
in one gram of human feces.
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都可以在一公克的人類糞便中傳播
02:41
How? Well, that little boy will not have washed his hands.
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怎麼會呢?因為那個男孩不可能洗手
02:45
He's barefoot. He'll run back into his house,
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他打著赤腳 跑回家去
02:47
and he will contaminate his drinking water and his food
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他可能攜帶的疾病
02:51
and his environment
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會污染周邊的飲用水 、食物
02:52
with whatever diseases he may be carrying
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以及環境
02:55
by fecal particles that are on his fingers and feet.
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因為他的手指和腳上都有糞便物質
03:00
In what I call the flushed-and-plumbed world
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在這個我稱為「沖水就了事」的世界
03:03
that most of us in this room are lucky to live in,
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我們大部分的人都很幸運可以在這生活
03:05
the most common symptoms associated with those diseases,
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這些疾病中最常見的病症--
03:08
diarrhea, is now a bit of a joke.
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腹瀉 -- 現今聽起來是個笑話
03:11
It's the runs, the Hershey squirts, the squits.
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也稱為拉肚子、拉稀、澇屎
03:15
Where I come from, we call it Delhi belly,
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在我生長的地方 我們稱它為
03:17
as a legacy of empire.
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"德里腹"
03:19
But if you search for a stock photo of diarrhea
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可是如果你在一家領先的照片圖像公司
03:23
in a leading photo image agency,
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搜尋腹瀉的照片
03:26
this is the picture that you come up with.
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你會找到的是這張圖片
03:28
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:30
Still not sure about the bikini.
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我不太懂為什麼她要穿比基尼
03:35
And here's another image of diarrhea.
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這是另外一張關於腹瀉的照片
03:37
This is Marie Saylee, nine months old.
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這是瑪麗賽里 九個月大
03:41
You can't see her, because she's buried
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你看不到她 因為她被埋葬
03:42
under that green grass in a little village in Liberia,
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在位於利比理亞小村莊的一片青草底下
03:46
because she died in three days from diarrhea --
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因為她在三天內死於腹瀉--
03:49
the Hershey squirts, the runs, a joke.
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也就是所謂的拉肚子、拉稀 我們當笑話來看待的病
03:53
And that's her dad.
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這是她的父親
03:55
But she wasn't alone that day,
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可那天她並不是唯一的受害者
03:57
because 4,000 other children died of diarrhea,
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因為還有其他 4,000 位孩童也死於腹瀉
04:01
and they do every day.
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每天都如此
04:03
Diarrhea is the second biggest killer of children worldwide,
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腹瀉是世界第二大兒童的殺手
04:08
and you've probably been asked to care about things
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而你們可能被灌輸要關注的是
04:11
like HIV/AIDS or T.B. or measles,
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一些像艾滋病、肺結核 或者麻疹的病
04:14
but diarrhea kills more children
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可是死於腹瀉的孩童
04:16
than all those three things put together.
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卻超過這其他三個疾病加起來的總數
04:19
It's a very potent weapon of mass destruction.
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這是一個非常嚴重的高規模毀滅性疾病
04:24
And the cost to the world is immense:
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而世界要對此付出的代價非常龐大
04:27
260 billion dollars lost every year
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每年惡劣衛生狀況帶來的虧損
04:29
on the losses to poor sanitation.
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逹2600億元
04:32
These are cholera beds in Haiti.
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這是位於海地的霍亂專用病床
04:34
You'll have heard of cholera, but we don't hear about diarrhea.
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你們可能聽說過霍亂 卻沒聽說過腹瀉的問題
04:37
It gets a fraction of the attention and funding
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給予腹瀉的關注與資助只占
04:40
given to any of those other diseases.
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其他疾病的一小部份
04:43
But we know how to fix this.
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可是我們有解決辦法
04:46
We know, because in the mid-19th century,
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我們知道,在19世紀中期
04:49
wonderful Victorian engineers
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那些偉大的維多利亞工程師們
04:52
installed systems of sewers and wastewater treatment
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建造了下水道與廢水處理的系統
04:54
and the flush toilet, and disease dropped dramatically.
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也建造了沖水馬桶,所以疾病大幅下降
04:59
Child mortality dropped by the most
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當時兒童死亡率下降的幅度
05:01
it had ever dropped in history.
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是有史以來最大的
05:03
The flush toilet was voted the best medical advance
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沖水馬桶被英國醫學雜誌讀者選為
05:06
of the last 200 years by the readers of the British Medical Journal,
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兩百年以來最厲害的醫學進展
05:09
and they were choosing over the Pill, anesthesia,
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而他們要在藥丸、麻醉 以及 手術裡
05:12
and surgery.
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做選擇
05:14
It's a wonderful waste disposal device.
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這是一個美妙的廢物處理設備
05:16
But I think that it's so good — it doesn't smell,
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我覺得它真的很棒--不會臭
05:20
we can put it in our house, we can lock it behind a door —
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可以把它放在房子裡 把它鎖在門後面
05:23
and I think we've locked it out of conversation too.
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可是同時我們也把它鎖在談話之外
05:26
We don't have a neutral word for it.
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對於糞便 我們沒有中性詞
05:27
Poop's not particularly adequate.
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“便便”並不非常適當
05:29
Shit offends people. Feces is too medical.
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“屎”又會得罪人 “排泄物”又太醫學了
05:33
Because I can't explain otherwise,
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我沒有其他辦法可以解釋
05:36
when I look at the figures, what's going on.
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當我看到這些數據代表了什麼
05:39
We know how to solve diarrhea and sanitation,
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我們知道要如何解決 腹瀉與環境衛生的問題
05:42
but if you look at the budgets of countries,
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可是如果你們看看這些國家的預算
05:44
developing and developed,
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不管是發展中國家還是已發展國家
05:46
you'll think there's something wrong with the math,
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你會覺得哪裏好像算錯了
05:49
because you'll expect absurdities like
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因為你會預期一些荒謬的情況 像是
05:52
Pakistan spending 47 times more on its military
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巴基斯坦花在軍事上的錢
05:55
than it does on water and sanitation,
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比花在水源與環境衛生的錢高出47倍
05:57
even though 150,000 children die of diarrhea
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儘管每年巴基斯坦會有
06:00
in Pakistan every year.
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十五萬位孩童死於腹瀉
06:02
But then you look at that already minuscule
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你再看看 那本來就極其微小的
06:04
water and sanitation budget,
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水源與環境衛生預算
06:06
and 75 to 90 percent of it will go on clean water supply,
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百分之75到90的預算會 花在乾淨的供水系統上
06:09
which is great; we all need water.
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這是好事;我們都需要水
06:11
No one's going to refuse clean water.
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沒有人會抗拒乾淨的水源
06:13
But the humble latrine, or flush toilet,
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可是公共廁所,或者沖水馬桶
06:16
reduces disease by twice as much
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所減少的疾病
06:19
as just putting in clean water.
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是乾淨水源的兩倍
06:21
Think about it. That little boy
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想想看
06:22
who's running back into his house,
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那位跑回家的小男孩
06:24
he may have a nice, clean fresh water supply,
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他可能擁有乾淨的水源
06:26
but he's got dirty hands that he's going to contaminate his water supply with.
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可是他的髒手會污染水源
06:31
And I think that the real waste of human waste
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我認為在廢物處理上真正的浪費
06:34
is that we are wasting it as a resource
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就是我們浪費掉 把它轉化成資源的可能
06:37
and as an incredible trigger for development,
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也浪費掉把它轉化成 激起巨大發展的可能
06:41
because these are a few things that toilets
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因為馬桶以及糞便
06:43
and poop itself can do for us.
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能為我們達成很多事
06:46
So a toilet can put a girl back in school.
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馬桶可以使一個女孩回到學校
06:49
Twenty-five percent of girls in India drop out of school
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在印度 百分之25的女孩們放棄就學
06:52
because they have no adequate sanitation.
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因為她們沒有適當的衛生設施
06:55
They've been used to sitting through lessons
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多年以來 她們已經習慣
06:57
for years and years holding it in.
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上課的時候要憋住
07:00
We've all done that, but they do it every day,
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我們都做過,可是她們每天都如此
07:03
and when they hit puberty and they start menstruating,
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當她們進入青春期的時候開始有月經
07:05
it just gets too much.
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對她們來說已經無法承受了
07:08
And I understand that. Who can blame them?
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我能理解她們 誰能怪她們呢?
07:11
So if you met an educationalist and said,
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所以如果你對一個教育學者說
07:13
"I can improve education attendance rates by 25 percent
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“我可以用一個簡單的方法”
07:16
with just one simple thing,"
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“將學校出席率提高百分之25”
07:18
you'd make a lot of friends in education.
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你在教育界就會交到許多朋友
07:21
That's not the only thing it can do for you.
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這還不是全部
07:24
Poop can cook your dinner.
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糞便可以使你飽餐一頓
07:27
It's got nutrients in it.
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糞便裡有營養素
07:28
We ingest nutrients. We excrete nutrients as well.
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我們吃進營養,同時也排出營養
07:31
We don't keep them all.
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我們不會留住所有的營養
07:33
In Rwanda, they are now getting
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在盧安達的監獄
07:35
75 percent of their cooking fuel in their prison system
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百分之75的烹飪燃料
07:38
from the contents of prisoners' bowels.
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是來自囚犯腸道中的物質
07:41
So these are a bunch of inmates in a prison in Butare.
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這些犯人被囚禁在位於布塔雷的監獄
07:45
They're genocidal inmates, most of them,
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大部份的犯人都參與了種族滅絕的行動
07:47
and they're stirring the contents of their own latrines,
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他們在攪拌自己的排泄物
07:51
because if you put poop in a sealed environment, in a tank,
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如果你把糞便放在密封的環境里, 譬如一個儲槽
07:54
pretty much like a stomach,
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就像胃一樣
07:56
then, pretty much like a stomach, it gives off gas,
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所以呢 像胃一樣 會有氣體產生
07:59
and you can cook with it.
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而你可以運用氣體來烹飪
08:01
And you might think it's just good karma
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你可能覺得 這些人現在要攪拌自己的屎
08:03
to see these guys stirring shit,
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是得到應有的報應
08:06
but it's also good economic sense,
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可這也是符合經濟概念的
08:08
because they're saving a million dollars a year.
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因為他們一年可以省下一百萬元
08:10
They're cutting down on deforestation,
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他們減少了森林砍伐
08:12
and they've found a fuel supply that is inexhaustible,
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也找到了一種用不完的、
08:15
infinite and free at the point of production.
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無限的、免費生產的燃料來源
08:20
It's not just in the poor world that poop can save lives.
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糞便並不只在貧窮國家挽救生命
08:23
Here's a woman who's about to get a dose
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這個女人正被
08:25
of the brown stuff in those syringes,
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注射一劑棕色物體
08:27
which is what you think it is,
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這個物體跟你想的沒錯
08:29
except not quite, because it's actually donated.
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可並不完全如此 因為它是被捐贈的
08:32
There is now a new career path called stool donor.
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現在有一個新的職業道路叫做“糞便捐贈者”
08:35
It's like the new sperm donor.
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就像最近流行的的“精液捐贈者”
08:36
Because she has been suffering from a superbug called C. diff,
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因為她被一種超級病毒感染 叫做艱難酸菌
08:39
and it's resistant to antibiotics in many cases.
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此病菌很多時候都對抗生素有抗藥性
08:43
She's been suffering for years.
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她患病已經多年了
08:44
She gets a dose of healthy human feces,
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她只要一劑健康的人類糞便
08:48
and the cure rate for this procedure is 94 percent.
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這個程序的治癒率是百分之九十四
08:52
It's astonishing, but hardly anyone is still doing it.
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效果令人訝異 可是接受此程序的人寥寥無幾
08:56
Maybe it's the ick factor.
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可能覺得噁心吧
08:58
That's okay, because there's a team of research scientists
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不過沒關係,因為加拿大有一組
09:01
in Canada who have now created a stool sample,
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研究科學家已經做出糞便的樣本--
09:04
a fake stool sample which is called RePOOPulate.
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一個假的糞便樣本 叫做 RePOOPulate
09:07
So you'd be thinking by now, okay, the solution's simple,
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你現在可能在想 好吧 解決辦法很簡單
09:09
we give everyone a toilet.
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我們給大家一個馬桶就好了
09:11
And this is where it gets really interesting,
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這就是有趣的地方
09:13
because it's not that simple, because we are not simple.
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因為事情並不簡單,我們也沒那麼簡單
09:16
So the really interesting, exciting work --
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所以真正有趣又令人興奮的工作 --
09:20
this is the engaging bit -- in sanitation is that
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公共衛生的工作裡迷人的地方
09:23
we need to understand human psychology.
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就是我們需要了解人類心理學
09:26
We need to understand software
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我們需要了解"軟體"
09:28
as well as just giving someone hardware.
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也要了解直接給予"硬體"的問題
09:30
They've found in many developing countries that
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我們發現 很多發展中國家的政府
09:32
governments have gone in and given out free latrines
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都有給予免費的公共廁所
09:35
and gone back a few years later and found that they've
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可是幾年後卻發現
09:37
got lots of new goat sheds or temples or spare rooms
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那裡多出了新的羊棚、神殿或空房
09:41
with their owners happily walking past them
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建築的主人還開開心心的路過那裡
09:44
and going over to the open defecating ground.
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走到開放排便地去上廁所
09:47
So the idea is to manipulate human emotion.
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所以我們的主要理念是要操縱人們的情緒
09:50
It's been done for decades. The soap companies did it
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此方法已經使用了好幾十年 在二十世紀初的時候
09:53
in the early 20th century.
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一些肥皂公司用過這個方法
09:55
They tried selling soap as healthy. No one bought it.
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他們試過用健康的角度推銷肥皂 但沒人要買
09:58
They tried selling it as sexy. Everyone bought it.
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他們試過用性感的角度推銷肥皂 所有人都買了
10:02
In India now there's a campaign
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目前在印度有一項活動
10:03
which persuades young brides
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勸導准新娘們
10:06
not to marry into families that don't have a toilet.
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不要嫁入沒有馬桶的家庭
10:09
It's called "No Loo, No I Do."
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此運動叫做 "沒馬桶,我就不願意"
10:11
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:14
And in case you think that poster's just propaganda,
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假使你以為這個海報 只是一個宣傳手段
10:16
here's Priyanka, 23 years old.
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這位是普蘭卡,23歲
10:18
I met her last October in India,
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去年十月 我在印度認識她
10:20
and she grew up in a conservative environment.
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她成長於一個保守的環境
10:23
She grew up in a rural village in a poor area of India,
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一個位於印度極為貧困的農村地區
10:26
and she was engaged at 14, and then at 21 or so,
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她14歲時訂婚,而在21歲左右
10:30
she moved into her in-law's house.
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她住進了婆家
10:32
And she was horrified to get there and find
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到了那裡 她震驚的發現
10:34
that they didn't have a toilet.
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他們竟然沒有馬桶
10:35
She'd grown up with a latrine.
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她的成長時一直都有公共廁所
10:37
It was no big deal, but it was a latrine.
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這沒什麼大不了 可是我們是在講廁所的問題
10:39
And the first night she was there, she was told
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在那裡的第一天晚上 他們告訴她
10:41
that at 4 o'clock in the morning --
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凌晨四點的時候
10:42
her mother-in-law got her up, told her to go outside
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婆婆就會叫她起床 讓她出去
10:45
and go and do it in the dark in the open.
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摸黑在戶外上廁所
10:48
And she was scared. She was scared of drunks hanging around.
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她非常害怕 怕有醉漢會在外面遊蕩
10:50
She was scared of snakes. She was scared of rape.
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她也怕蛇 也害怕被強姦
10:53
After three days, she did an unthinkable thing.
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三天後 她做出無法想像的事
10:55
She left.
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她離開了
10:57
And if you know anything about rural India,
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如果你對印度農村有任何的了解
10:58
you'll know that's an unspeakably courageous thing to do.
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那就會知道她做的事 需要多大的勇氣
11:02
But not just that.
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不止如此
11:03
She got her toilet, and now she goes around
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她有了自己的馬桶,還旅行到
11:05
all the other villages in India
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其他印度農村
11:07
persuading other women to do the same thing.
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勸導其他女人也做同樣的事
11:09
It's what I call social contagion, and it's really powerful
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我稱這個現象為"社會傳染力" 極為強大的力量
11:12
and really exciting.
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也使人非常興奮
11:14
Another version of this, another village in India
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另外一個例子,在另一個位於印度的鄉村
11:16
near where Priyanka lives
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跟普蘭卡住的地方也很近
11:18
is this village, called Lakara, and about a year ago,
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此鄉村叫樂卡拉,一年前左右
11:22
it had no toilets whatsoever.
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這地方完全沒有馬桶
11:24
Kids were dying of diarrhea and cholera.
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許多孩童死於腹瀉和霍亂
11:26
Some visitors came, using various behavioral change tricks
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有些人來到這 運用各種不同改變行為的技巧
11:30
like putting out a plate of food and a plate of shit
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像是把一盤食物與一盤屎放在外面
11:33
and watching the flies go one to the other.
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讓村民看到蒼蠅飛來飛去的情況
11:35
Somehow, people who'd been thinking
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莫名其妙的,那些本來覺得
11:38
that what they were doing was not disgusting at all
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自己做的事並不噁心的人們
11:39
suddenly thought, "Oops."
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頓時領悟,“慘了”
11:41
Not only that, but they were ingesting their neighbors' shit.
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也想到他們還間接吃進了鄰居的屎
11:44
That's what really made them change their behavior.
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這才是真正讓他們改變行為的原因
11:47
So this woman, this boy's mother
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所以有個女人,就是這位男孩的母親
11:49
installed this latrine in a few hours.
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幾個小時內就安裝了廁所
11:52
Her entire life, she'd been using the banana field behind,
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她一生都在後面的香蕉園裡大小便
11:54
but she installed the latrine in a few hours.
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可她卻在幾個小時內安裝了廁所
11:56
It cost nothing. It's going to save that boy's life.
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這不需花錢,也會拯救這位男孩的生命
11:59
So when I get despondent about the state of sanitation,
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所以當我對環境衛生的現狀感到沮喪
12:03
even though these are pretty exciting times
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雖然也有令人興奮的時候
12:05
because we've got the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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因為我們有比爾與梅琳達蓋茲基金會
12:07
reinventing the toilet, which is great,
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他們徹底改造馬桶,這非常好
12:09
we've got Matt Damon going on bathroom strike,
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我們還有麥特戴蒙拒上廁所的抗議
12:12
which is great for humanity, very bad for his colon.
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這對全人類是件好事 對他的腸胃卻不太好
12:16
But there are things to worry about.
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可是也有我們要擔心的事
12:17
It's the most off-track Millennium Development Goal.
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這是目前最偏離軌道的 千禧年發展目標
12:20
It's about 50 or so years off track.
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此目標落後了差不多50年之久
12:23
We're not going to meet targets,
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我們不會達到預期目標
12:24
providing people with sanitation at this rate.
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在這個情況下提供人們衛生設備
12:27
So when I get sad about sanitation,
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所以當我對環境衛生感到憂心
12:31
I think of Japan, because Japan 70 years ago
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我會想到日本,因為70年前
12:34
was a nation of people who used pit latrines
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日本是一個使用坑式廁所的國家
12:37
and wiped with sticks,
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他們用樹枝擦屁股
12:39
and now it's a nation of what are called Woshurettos,
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現在日本是個我們稱之為“衛洗麗”的國家
12:42
washlet toilets.
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也就是所謂的免治馬桶
12:43
They have in-built bidet nozzles for a lovely,
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它們有內裝式的淨身噴嘴讓你無需用手
12:46
hands-free cleaning experience,
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就可以享受到美好的清潔體驗
12:49
and they have various other features
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同時也有其他不同的特點
12:51
like a heated seat and an automatic lid-raising device
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像是加熱座椅以及 自動提高馬桶蓋裝置
12:54
which is known as the "marriage-saver."
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也被稱之為“婚姻的救世主”
12:56
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
12:58
But most importantly, what they have done in Japan,
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可最重要的,我覺得他們在日本
13:00
which I find so inspirational,
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做的非常勵志的一點是
13:01
is they've brought the toilet out from behind the locked door.
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他們把馬桶的議題 從鎖上的門中帶了出來
13:04
They've made it conversational.
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他們將馬桶加入談話裡
13:05
People go out and upgrade their toilet.
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人們會去升級改良自己的馬桶
13:09
They talk about it. They've sanitized it.
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他們會去談論馬桶 將此類的議題變得正常
13:13
I hope that we can do that. It's not a difficult thing to do.
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我希望我們也可以這樣 這並不是困難的事
13:18
All we really need to do
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我們真正需要做的
13:20
is look at this issue
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就是看待這個議題
13:22
as the urgent, shameful issue that it is.
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為一個非常急迫以及可恥的問題
13:26
And don't think that it's just in the poor world that things are wrong.
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而不要認為只有貧窮的國家才有問題
13:29
Our sewers are crumbling.
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我們的污水系統搖搖欲墜
13:31
Things are going wrong here too.
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在這裏 事情正朝著不好的方向發展
13:33
The solution to all of this is pretty easy.
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解決方法其實非常簡單
13:36
I'm going to make your lives easy this afternoon
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今天下午 我就不為難你們了
13:38
and just ask you to do one thing,
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我只要求你們做一件事
13:40
and that's to go out, protest,
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那就是走出去,去抗議
13:43
speak about the unspeakable,
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講出那些說不出口的事
13:46
and talk shit.
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也講些"髒話"
13:47
Thank you.
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謝謝
13:49
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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