Linda Cliatt-Wayman: How to fix a broken school? Lead fearlessly, love hard

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

It was November 1, 2002,

Bio je 1. novembar 2002,

my first day as a principal,

moj prvi dan na mestu direktorke,

but hardly my first day in the school district of Philadelphia.

ali ne i moj prvi dan u školi u filadelfijskom okrugu.

I graduated from Philadelphia public schools,

Maturirala sam u državnim školama u Filadelfiji

and I went on to teach special education for 20 years

i nastavila da predajem specijalno obrazovanje narednih 20 godina

in a low-income, low-performing school

u siromašnoj školi s lošom reputacijom

in North Philadelphia,

u Severnoj Filadelfiji,

where crime is rampant

gde je kriminal u zamahu

and deep poverty is among the highest in the nation.

a siromaštvo je među najizraženijim u zemlji.

Shortly after I walked into my new school,

Nedugo nakon što sam ušetala u moju novu školu,

a huge fight broke out among the girls.

izbila je ogromna tuča među devojkama.

After things were quickly under control,

Nakon što su stvari ubrzo bile pod kontrolom,

I immediately called a meeting

odmah sam sazvala sastanak

in the school's auditorium

u školskoj sali

to introduce myself as the school's new principal.

kako bih se predstavila kao novi direktor škole.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

I walked in angry,

Ušla sam ljutito,

a little nervous --

pomalo nervozno -

(Laughter) --

(Smeh) -

but I was determined

ali bila sam odlučna

to set the tone for my new students.

da podesim ton za moje nove đake.

I started listing as forcefully as I could

Počela sam da navodim, što sam odvažnije mogla,

my expectations for their behavior

kako očekujem da se ponašaju

and my expectations for what they would learn in school.

i šta očekujem od njih da nauče u školi.

When, all of a sudden,

A onda je iznenada

a girl way in the back of the auditorium,

devojka skroz s kraja sale

she stood up

ustala

and she said, "Miss!

i rekla: "Gospođo!

Miss!"

Gospođo!"

When our eyes locked, she said,

Kada su nam se pogledi sreli, rekla je:

"Why do you keep calling this a school?

"Zašto ovo stalno nazivate školom?

This is not a school."

Ovo nije škola."

In one outburst,

Jednim izlivom,

Ashley had expressed what I felt

Ešli je izrazila ono što sam ja osećala

and never quite was able to articulate

i nikada nisam bila u stanju da do kraja artikulišem,

about my own experience when I attended a low-performing school

sopstveno iskustvo pohađanja niskorangirane škole

in the same neighborhood, many, many, many years earlier.

u istom delu grada, pre mnogo, mnogo, mnogo godina.

That school was definitely not a school.

Ta škola definitivno nije bila škola.

Fast forwarding a decade later to 2012,

Prebaciću se brzo deceniju kasnije do 2012,

I was entering my third low-performing school as principal.

kada sam treći put za redom postala direktorka niskorangirane škole.

I was to be Strawberry Mansion's fourth principal in four years.

Trebalo je da budem četvrti direktor "Stroberi menšna" za četiri godine.

It was labeled "low-performing and persistently dangerous"

Škola je označena kao "niskorangirana i trajno opasna"

due to its low test scores

zbog loših rezultata na testovima

and high number of weapons,

i velike količine oružja,

drugs, assaults and arrests.

droga, napada i hapšenja.

Shortly as I approached the door of my new school

Malo kasnije, kada sam prišla vratima moje nove škole

and attempted to enter,

i krenula da uđem,

and found the door locked with chains,

otkrila sam da su vrata zaključana lancem,

I could hear Ashley's voice in my ears

i mogla sam da čujem Ešlinin glas u uhu

going, "Miss! Miss!

kako govori: "Gospođo! Gospođo!

This is not a school."

Ovo nije škola."

The halls were dim and dark from poor lighting.

Hodnici su bili senoviti i mračni zbog lošeg osvetlenja.

There were tons of piles of broken old furniture

Bilo je na tone hrpa polomljenog starog nameštaja

and desks in the classrooms,

i klupa u učionicama,

and there were thousands of unused materials and resources.

i bilo je na hiljade nekorišćenih materijala i resursa.

This was not a school.

To nije bila škola.

As the year progressed,

Kako je godina prolazila,

I noticed that the classrooms were nearly empty.

primetila sam da su učionice skoro prazne.

The students were just scared:

Đaci su bili naprosto preplašeni:

scared to sit in rows in fear that something would happen;

preplašeni da sede u redovima, strahujući da bi se nešto moglo desiti;

scared because they were often teased in the cafeteria for eating free food.

preplašeni jer su ih često zadirkivali u menzi zato što jedu besplatnu hranu.

They were scared from all the fighting and all the bullying.

Bili su preplašeni od svih tih svađa i maltretiranja.

This was not a school.

To nije bila škola.

And then, there were the teachers,

A potom, tu su bili profesori,

who were incredibly afraid for their own safety,

koji su bili izuzetno uplašeni za sopstvenu sigurnost,

so they had low expectations for the students and themselves,

te su imali mala očekivanja i od đaka i od sebe samih

and they were totally unaware of their role

i bili su u potpunosti nesvesni svoje uloge

in the destruction of the school's culture.

u uništavanju školske kulture.

This was the most troubling of all.

To je zabrinjavalo više od svega drugog.

You see, Ashley was right,

Vidite, Ešli je bila u pravu

and not just about her school.

i ne samo za njenu školu.

For far too many schools,

Jer isuviše mnogo škola

for kids who live in poverty,

za siromašnu decu,

their schools are really not schools at all.

njihove škole uistinu nisu uopšte škole.

But this can change.

Ali ovo može da se promeni.

Let me tell you how it's being done at Strawberry Mansion High School.

Dozvolite da vam ispričam kako se to radi u srednjoj školi "Stroberi menšn".

Anybody who's ever worked with me will tell you

Svako ko je ikada sa mnom radio će vam reći

I am known for my slogans.

da sam poznata po svojim sloganima.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So today, I am going to use three

Zato ću danas da koristim tri

that have been paramount in our quest for change.

koja su bila od izuzetne važnosti u našem pohodu na promene.

My first slogan is:

Moj prvi slogan glasi:

if you're going to lead, lead.

ako ćeš da budeš vođa, vodi.

I always believed

Oduvek sam verovala

that what happens in a school and what does not happen in a school

da je ono što se dešava u školi, kao i ono što se ne dešava

is up to the principal.

odgovornost direktora.

I am the principal,

Ja sam direktorka

and having that title required me to lead.

a ta titula je od mene zahtevala da budem vođa.

I was not going to stay in my office,

Nisam želela da budem u kancelariji,

I was not going to delegate my work,

da prebacujem posao na druge

and I was not going to be afraid to address anything

i nisam zazirala od bavljenja bilo čime

that was not good for children,

što nije bilo dobro za decu,

whether that made me liked or not.

bez obzira da li su me drugi zbog toga voleli ili ne.

I am a leader,

Ja sam vođa,

so I know I cannot do anything alone.

pa znam da ništa ne mogu da uradim sama.

So, I assembled a top-notch leadership team

Zato sam okupila vrhunsku ekipu u rukovodstvu

who believed in the possibility of all the children,

koja je verovala u to da su sva deca sposobna

and together, we tackled the small things,

i zajedno smo se bavili malim stvarima,

like resetting every single locker combination by hand

poput ručnog menjanja svih šifri na sandučićima

so that every student could have a secure locker.

kako bi svaki đak imao bezbedno sanduče.

We decorated every bulletin board in that building

Ukrasili smo sve oglasne table u zgradi

with bright, colorful, and positive messages.

svetlim, šarenolikim i pozitivnim porukama.

We took the chains off the front doors of the school.

Skinuli smo lance s ulaznih vrata škole.

We got the lightbulbs replaced,

Zamenili smo sijalice

and we cleaned every classroom to its core,

i sve učionice očistili da blistaju,

recycling every, every textbook that was not needed,

reciklirali smo ama baš sve udžbenike koji nisu bili u upotrebi

and discarded thousands of old materials and furniture.

i rešili se na hiljadu starih stvari i nameštaja.

We used two dumpsters per day.

Napunili bi po dva kontejnera dnevno.

And, of course, of course,

I naravno, naravno

we tackled the big stuff,

bavili smo se krupnim stvarima,

like rehauling the entire school budget

poput izmene celokupnog školskog budžeta da bismo mogli da preusmerimo sredstva

so that we can reallocate funds to have more teachers and support staff.

kako bismo imali više nastavnika i pomoćnog osoblja.

We rebuilt the entire school day schedule from scratch

Potpuno smo izmenili dnevni školski plan rada

to add a variety of start and end times,

kako bismo dodali razne termine rada škole,

remediation, honors courses,

sanacije, zahtevnije predmete,

extracurricular activities, and counseling,

vannastavne aktivnosti i savetovanja,

all during the school day.

sve to u toku radnog dana.

All during the school day.

Sve to u toku radnog dana.

We created a deployment plan

Napravili smo plan razvrstavanja

that specified where every single support person and police officer would be

kojim je tačno određeno gde se tačno nalazi sve pomoćno osoblje i policajci,

every minute of the day,

svakog minuta u danu

and we monitored at every second of the day,

i vršili smo nadzor svakog sekunda u danu,

and, our best invention ever,

a naš najbolji izum ikada

we devised a schoolwide discipline program

je to što smo osmislili disciplinski program na nivou škole

titled "Non-negotiables."

koga smo naslovili "Bez pogovora".

It was a behavior system --

To je bio sistem ponašanja -

designed to promote positive behavior at all times.

osmišljen da promoviše pozitivno ponašanje u svakom momentu.

The results?

Rezultati?

Strawberry Mansion was removed from the Persistently Dangerous List

"Stroberi menšn" je uklonjena sa liste Trajno opasnih

our first year after being --

već prve godine, nakon što je -

(Applause) --

(Aplauz)

after being on the Persistently Dangerous List for five consecutive years.

nakon što je bila pet uzastopnih godina na listi Trajno opasnih.

Leaders make the impossible possible.

Vođe čine nemoguće mogućim.

That brings me to my second slogan:

To me dovodi do drugog slogana:

So what? Now what?

Pa šta? Šta sad?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

When we looked at the data,

Kada smo pogledali podatke

and we met with the staff,

i sastali se sa osobljem,

there were many excuses

bilo je mnogo izgovora

for why Strawberry Mansion was low-performing and persistently dangerous.

zašto je "Stroberi menšn" niskorangirana i trajno opasna.

They said that only 68 percent of the kids come to school on a regular basis,

Rekli su da svega 68% dece redovno dolazi u školu,

100 percent of them live in poverty,

100 procenata živi u siromaštvu,

only one percent of the parents participate,

samo jedan procenat roditelja prisustvuje,

many of the children

mnoga deca

come from incarceration and single-parent homes,

dolaze iz pritvora i domaćinstava s jednim starateljem,

39 percent of the students have special needs,

39 procenata su đaci s posebnim potrebama,

and the state data revealed

a državni podaci su otkrili sledeće:

that six percent of the students were proficient in algebra,

šest procenata đaka je uspešno iz matematike

and 10 were proficient in literature.

i 10 posto iz književnosti.

After they got through telling us all the stories

Kada su završili sa pričanjem priča

of how awful the conditions and the children were,

o tome kako su grozni uslovi i deca,

I looked at them,

pogledala sam ih

and I said, "So what. Now what?

i rekla: "Pa šta? Šta sad?

What are we gonna do about it?"

Šta ćemo da uradimo povodom toga?"

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Eliminating excuses at every turn became my primary responsibility.

Uklanjanje izgovora na svakom koraku, postalo je moja glavna obaveza.

We addressed every one of those excuses

Bavili smo se svim tim izgovorima

through a mandatory professional development,

kroz obavezni profesionalni razvoj,

paving the way for intense focus on teaching and learning.

popločavajući tako put intenzivnoj fokusiranosti na obrazovanje i učenje.

After many observations,

Posle mnogih razmatranja,

what we determined was that teachers knew what to teach

utvrdili smo da nastavnici znaju šta da predaju,

but they did not know how to teach

ali da ne znaju kako da predaju

so many children with so many vast abilities.

tolikom broju dece s tako širokim spektrom sposobnosti.

So, we developed a lesson delivery model for instruction

Pa smo razvili nastavni model predavanja

that focused on small group instruction,

koji se usredsređivao na nastavu u malim grupama,

making it possible for all the students to get their individual needs met

omogućavajući tako da individualne potrebe svakog đaka budu ispunjene

in the classroom.

u učionici.

The results?

Rezultati?

After one year, state data revealed

Nakon godinu dana, državni podaci su otkrili

that our scores have grown by 171 percent in Algebra

da su nam rezultati popravljeni za 171 procenat iz matematike

and 107 percent in literature.

i 107 procenata iz književnosti.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

We have a very long way to go,

Veoma dug put je pred nama,

a very long way to go,

veoma dug put,

but we now approach every obstacle with a "So What. Now What?" attitude.

ali sada svakoj prepreci prilazimo sa stavom: "Pa šta? Šta sad?"

And that brings me to my third and final slogan.

A sad stižemo do mog trećeg i poslednjeg slogana.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

If nobody told you they loved you today,

Ako vam niko danas nije rekao da vas voli,

you remember I do, and I always will.

zapamtite da vas ja volim i uvek ću vas voleti.

My students have problems:

Moji đaci imaju probleme:

social, emotional and economic problems

društvene, emocionalne i ekonomske probleme,

you could never imagine.

vama nezamislive.

Some of them are parents themselves,

Neki od njih su sami sebi roditelji,

and some are completely alone.

a neki su potpuno usamljeni.

If someone asked me my real secret

Ako bi me neko pitao koja je moja prava tajna,

for how I truly keep Strawberry Mansion moving forward,

kako zaista uspevam da "Stroberi menšn" unapređujem,

I would have to say that I love my students

morala bih da kažem da ja volim moje đake

and I believe in their possibilities

i da verujem u njihove mogućnosti

unconditionally.

bezuslovno.

When I look at them,

Kada ih pogledam,

I can only see what they can become,

vidim samo šta bi mogli da postanu,

and that is because I am one of them.

a to je zato što sam jedna od njih.

I grew up poor in North Philadelphia too.

I ja sam odrasla u siromaštvu u Severnoj Filadelfiji.

I know what it feels like to go to a school that's not a school.

Ja znam kakav je osećaj pohađati školu koja nije škola.

I know what it feels like to wonder

Znam kakav je osećaj strepeti

if there's ever going to be any way out of poverty.

da li ću ikada pronaći put iz siromaštva.

But because of my amazing mother,

Ali zahvaljujući mojoj divnoj majci

I got the ability to dream

omogućeno mi je da sanjam,

despite the poverty that surrounded me.

uprkos siromaštvu koje me je okruživalo.

So --

Zato -

(Applause) --

(Aplauz) -

if I'm going to push my students

ako želim da poguram moje đake

toward their dream and their purpose in life,

ka njihovim snovima i ka njihovim ciljevima u životu,

I've got to get to know who they are.

moram da ih upoznam.

So I have to spend time with them,

Zato moram da provodim vreme s njima,

so I manage the lunchroom every day.

pa svakodnevno upravljam menzom.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And while I'm there,

I dok sam tamo,

I talk to them about deeply personal things,

razgovaram s njima o duboko ličnim stvarima

and when it's their birthday,

i kada im je rođendan

I sing "Happy Birthday"

pevam: "Srećan rođendan",

even though I cannot sing at all.

iako uopšte ne znam da pevam.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I often ask them,

Često ih pitam:

"Why do you want me to sing when I cannot sing at all?"

"Zašto želite da vam pevam, kad ja uopšte ne znam da pevam?"

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And they respond by saying,

A oni mi odgovaraju rečima:

"Because we like feeling special."

"Jer volimo da se osećamo posebnima."

We hold monthly town hall meetings

Držimo mesečne sastanke veća

to listen to their concerns,

kako bismo saslušali njihove brige,

to find out what is on their minds.

kako bismo saznali o čemu razmišljaju.

They ask us questions like, "Why do we have to follow rules?"

Postavljaju nam ovakva pitanja: "Zašto moramo da poštujemo pravila?"

"Why are there so many consequences?"

"Čemu tolike posledice?"

"Why can't we just do what we want to do?"

"Zašto ne možemo da radimo što nam je volja?"

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

They ask, and I answer each question honestly,

Oni pitaju, a ja odgovaram iskreno na svako pitanje

and this exchange in listening helps to clear up any misconceptions.

i ova razmena razumevanja pomaže da se raščiste moguće zablude.

Every moment is a teachable moment.

Svaki tren je tren za podučavanje.

My reward,

Moja nagrada,

my reward

moja nagrada

for being non-negotiable in my rules and consequences

za to što su moja pravila i posledice bezpogovorne

is their earned respect.

je njihovo zadobijeno poverenje.

I insist on it,

Insistiram na tome

and because of this, we can accomplish things together.

i zbog toga, zajedno možemo da ostvarimo svašta.

They are clear about my expectations for them,

Jasno im je šta očekujem od njih

and I repeat those expectations every day over the P.A. system.

i ja ponavljam svoja očekivanja svakodnevno preko razglasa.

I remind them --

Podsećam ih -

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I remind them of those core values

Podsećam ih na suštinske vrednosti:

of focus, tradition, excellence,

usredsređenosti, tradicije, izvrsnosti,

integrity and perseverance,

integriteta i istrajnosti,

and I remind them every day

i podsećam ih svakodnevno

how education can truly change their lives.

kako obrazovanje može da im istinski promeni živote.

And I end every announcement the same:

I svaku objavu završim na isti način:

"If nobody told you they loved you today,

"Ako vam niko danas nije rekao da vas voli,

you remember I do,

upamtite da vas ja volim

and I always will."

i uvek ću vas voleti."

Ashley's words

Ešline reči:

of "Miss, Miss,

"Gospođo! Gospođo!

this is not a school,"

Ovo nije škola"

is forever etched in my mind.

su se zauvek urezale u moj um.

If we are truly going to make real progress

Ako uistinu želimo da postignemo pravi pomak

in addressing poverty,

u bavljenju siromaštvom,

then we have to make sure

onda moramo da se pobrinemo

that every school that serves children in poverty

da svaka škola u koju idu siromašna deca

is a real school,

bude prava škola,

a school, a school --

škola, škola -

(Applause) --

(Aplauz)

a school that provides them with knowledge

škola koja im pruža znanje

and mental training to navigate the world around them.

i mentalnu obuku kako bi se snašli u svetu oko njih.

I do not know all the answers,

Ne znam sve odgovore,

but what I do know is for those of us who are privileged

ali znam da mi koji smo privilegovani

and have the responsibility of leading a school that serves children in poverty,

i imamo odgovornost da upravljamo školom u koju idu siromašna deca,

we must truly lead,

moramo da budemo istinske vođe

and when we are faced with unbelievable challenges,

i kada se susretnemo sa nepojmljivim izazovima,

we must stop and ask ourselves, "So what. Now what?

moramo da se zaustavimo i zapitamo: "Pa šta? Šta sad?

What are we going to do about it?"

Šta ćemo da uradimo po tom pitanju?"

And as we lead,

I dokle god smo vođe,

we must never forget

ne smemo da zaboravimo

that every single one of our students

da je svaki naš đak

is just a child,

samo dete,

often scared by what the world tells them they should be,

često uplašeno zbog onoga što mu svet poručuje da bi trebalo da bude

and no matter what the rest of the world tells them they should be,

i šta god da im ostatak sveta kaže da bi trebalo da budu,

we should always provide them with hope,

mi bismo uvek trebali da im pružimo nadu,

our undivided attention,

nepodeljenu pažnju,

unwavering belief in their potential,

pouzdanu veru u njihov potencijal,

consistent expectations,

stalna očekivanja

and we must tell them often,

i moramo često da im govorimo

if nobody told them they loved them today,

da ako im niko danas nije rekao da ih voli,

remember we do, and we always will.

neka zapamte da ih mi volimo i uvek ćemo ih voleti.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you, Jesus.

Hvaljen Isus.