Linda Cliatt-Wayman: How to fix a broken school? Lead fearlessly, love hard

Prevoditelj: Vanja Kovac Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

It was November 1, 2002,

Bilo je to 1. studenoga 2002.

my first day as a principal,

moj prvi dan na mjestu ravnateljice,

but hardly my first day in the school district of Philadelphia.

ali ne i prvi dan u philadelphijskom školskom okrugu.

I graduated from Philadelphia public schools,

Maturirala sam u jednoj od državnih škola u Philadelphiji,

and I went on to teach special education for 20 years

a predavala učenicima s posebnim potrebama idućih dvadeset godina

in a low-income, low-performing school

u školama niskih budžeta i slabih rezultata

in North Philadelphia,

u Sjevernoj Philadelphiji,

where crime is rampant

gdje je stopa kriminala strašno visoka

and deep poverty is among the highest in the nation.

a siromaštvo jedno od najtežih u državi.

Shortly after I walked into my new school,

Ubrzo nakon što sam ušetala u svoju novu školu,

a huge fight broke out among the girls.

izbila je tuča među djevojčicama.

After things were quickly under control,

Nakon što smo smirili situaciju,

I immediately called a meeting

odmah sam sazvala sastanak

in the school's auditorium

u školskoj dvorani

to introduce myself as the school's new principal.

kako bih se predstavila kao nova ravnateljica škole.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

I walked in angry,

Ušetala sam ljuta,

a little nervous --

pomalo nervozna --

(Laughter) --

(Smijeh) --

but I was determined

ali bila sam odlučna

to set the tone for my new students.

postaviti standarde za svoje nove učenike.

I started listing as forcefully as I could

Počela sam što sam snažnije mogla nabrajati

my expectations for their behavior

svoja očekivanja u vezi njihova ponašanja

and my expectations for what they would learn in school.

i svoja očekivanja u vezi onoga što će naučiti u školi.

When, all of a sudden,

Iznenada,

a girl way in the back of the auditorium,

djevojčica u stražnjem dijelu dvorane,

she stood up

ustala je

and she said, "Miss!

i viknula, "Gospođo!

Miss!"

Gospođo!"

When our eyes locked, she said,

Kad su nam se susreli pogledi, rekla je,

"Why do you keep calling this a school?

"Zašto stalno nazivate ovo školom?

This is not a school."

Ovo nije škola."

In one outburst,

U jednoj rečenici,

Ashley had expressed what I felt

Ashley je izrekla ono što sam osjećala

and never quite was able to articulate

a nikad nisam mogla staviti u riječi

about my own experience when I attended a low-performing school

o svom iskustvu kad sam išla u slabiju školu

in the same neighborhood, many, many, many years earlier.

u istom susjedstvu, puno, puno, puno godina ranije.

That school was definitely not a school.

Ta škola definitivno nije bila škola.

Fast forwarding a decade later to 2012,

Prebacujem se desetljeće kasnije, u 2012.

I was entering my third low-performing school as principal.

bila sam ravnateljica u svojoj sad već trećoj slabijoj školi.

I was to be Strawberry Mansion's fourth principal in four years.

Trebala sam biti četvrta ravnateljica škole Strawberry Mansion u četiri godine.

It was labeled "low-performing and persistently dangerous"

Bila je označena kao "škola slabih rezultata i dugotrajno opasna"

due to its low test scores

zbog loših rezultata na ispitima

and high number of weapons,

i velikoj količini oružja,

drugs, assaults and arrests.

droge, napada i uhićenja.

Shortly as I approached the door of my new school

Ubrzo nakon što sam se približila vratima svoje nove škole

and attempted to enter,

i pokušala ući,

and found the door locked with chains,

i vidjela da su vrata zaključana lancima,

I could hear Ashley's voice in my ears

čula sam Ashleyjin glas u sebi

going, "Miss! Miss!

"Gospođo! Gospođo!

This is not a school."

Ovo nije škola."

The halls were dim and dark from poor lighting.

Hodnici su bili mračni i tamni zbog slabog osvjetljenja.

There were tons of piles of broken old furniture

Uokolo su bile hrpe starog, neupotrebljivog namještaja

and desks in the classrooms,

i stolova u učionicama,

and there were thousands of unused materials and resources.

i bilo je puno neiskorištenih materijala i sredstava.

This was not a school.

To nije bila škola.

As the year progressed,

Kako je godina odmicala,

I noticed that the classrooms were nearly empty.

primijetila sam da su učionice gotovo prazne.

The students were just scared:

Učenici su bili uplašeni,

scared to sit in rows in fear that something would happen;

bojali su se sjediti u redovima da se nešto ne bi dogodilo,

scared because they were often teased in the cafeteria for eating free food.

bojali su se jer su često bili ismijavani u kantini jer jedu besplatnu hranu.

They were scared from all the fighting and all the bullying.

Bojali su se zbog tučnjava i zlostavljanja.

This was not a school.

To nije bila škola.

And then, there were the teachers,

S druge strane, učitelji

who were incredibly afraid for their own safety,

koji su bili zabrinuti za svoju sigurnost,

so they had low expectations for the students and themselves,

pa su imali niska očekivanja i od učenika i od sebe samih,

and they were totally unaware of their role

i bili su potpuno nesvjesni svoje uloge

in the destruction of the school's culture.

u uništenju školske kulture.

This was the most troubling of all.

To je bilo ono najgore.

You see, Ashley was right,

Vidite, Ashley je bila u pravu,

and not just about her school.

i to ne samo u vezi svoje škole.

For far too many schools,

Za previše škola,

for kids who live in poverty,

za djecu koja žive u oskudici,

their schools are really not schools at all.

škole uopće nisu škole.

But this can change.

No to se može promijeniti.

Let me tell you how it's being done at Strawberry Mansion High School.

Ispričat ću vam kako se to radi u srednjoj školi Strawberry Mansion.

Anybody who's ever worked with me will tell you

Svi koji su ikada radili samnom reći će vam

I am known for my slogans.

da sam poznata po svojim sloganima

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So today, I am going to use three

Danas ću koristiti tri

that have been paramount in our quest for change.

koje su bile vrhovne u našem traganju za promjenom.

My first slogan is:

Prvi slogan je:

if you're going to lead, lead.

ako ćeš voditi, vodi.

I always believed

Uvijek sam vjerovala

that what happens in a school and what does not happen in a school

da sve što se dogodi ili ne dogodi u školi

is up to the principal.

ovisi o ravnatelju.

I am the principal,

Ja sam ravnateljica,

and having that title required me to lead.

i zbog toga se od mene očekuje da vodim.

I was not going to stay in my office,

Nisam planirala ostati u uredu,

I was not going to delegate my work,

Nije mi palo na pamet proslijediti moj posao,

and I was not going to be afraid to address anything

I nisam se plašila baviti stvarima

that was not good for children,

koje nisu bile dobre za djecu,

whether that made me liked or not.

voljeli me zbog toga ili ne.

I am a leader,

Ja sam vođa,

so I know I cannot do anything alone.

i znam da ne mogu napraviti puno sama.

So, I assembled a top-notch leadership team

Zbog toga sam sastavila vrhunski tim voditelja

who believed in the possibility of all the children,

koji je vjerovao u mogućnosti sve djece,

and together, we tackled the small things,

zajedno smo se bavili malim stvarima,

like resetting every single locker combination by hand

kao što je ponovno, ručno postavljanje svih kombinacija za ormariće

so that every student could have a secure locker.

kako bi svaki učenik imao siguran ormarić.

We decorated every bulletin board in that building

Ukrasili smo svaki pano u zgradi

with bright, colorful, and positive messages.

sa svijetlim, šarenim i pozitivnim porukama.

We took the chains off the front doors of the school.

Skinuli smo lance sa ulaza škole.

We got the lightbulbs replaced,

Zamjenili smo žarulje,

and we cleaned every classroom to its core,

i očistili smo sve učionice od stropa do poda,

recycling every, every textbook that was not needed,

reciklirali svaki, ali baš svaki udžbenik koji nam nije trebao,

and discarded thousands of old materials and furniture.

i bacili na tisuće starog materijala i namještaja.

We used two dumpsters per day.

Trebalo nam je dva kontejnera dnevno.

And, of course, of course,

I, naravno, naravno,

we tackled the big stuff,

bavili smo se i velikim stvarima,

like rehauling the entire school budget

kao što je ponovno pisanje cijelog školskog proračuna

so that we can reallocate funds to have more teachers and support staff.

kako bismo mogli preusmjeriti sredstva za zapošljavanje učitelja i pomoćnog osoblja.

We rebuilt the entire school day schedule from scratch

Napravili smo potpuno novi raspored nastave

to add a variety of start and end times,

ubacili različite termine početka i kraja,

remediation, honors courses,

dopunske, dodatne sate

extracurricular activities, and counseling,

izvannastavne aktvnosti i savjetovanja,

all during the school day.

sve za vrijeme nastave.

All during the school day.

Sve za vrijeme nastave.

We created a deployment plan

Kreirali smo razvojni plan

that specified where every single support person and police officer would be

koji je specificirao gdje ce biti svaka pomocna osoba ili policajac

every minute of the day,

svaku minutu u danu,

and we monitored at every second of the day,

i pratili smo svaku sekundu dana,

and, our best invention ever,

a naš najbolji izum ikada,

we devised a schoolwide discipline program

kreirali smo školski disciplinski program

titled "Non-negotiables."

i nazvali ga "Bez pregovaranja".

It was a behavior system --

To je sustav temeljen na ponašanju

designed to promote positive behavior at all times.

kreiran kako bi promicao pozitivno ponašnje u svim situacijama.

The results?

Rezultati?

Strawberry Mansion was removed from the Persistently Dangerous List

Strawberry Mansion ukonjena je sa popisa opasnih škola

our first year after being --

prvu godinu nakon --

(Applause) --

(Pljesak) --

after being on the Persistently Dangerous List for five consecutive years.

nakon što smo pet za redom bili na popisu.

Leaders make the impossible possible.

Vođe ono što je nemoguće čine mogućim.

That brings me to my second slogan:

To me dovodi do mog drugog slogana:

So what? Now what?

Pa što? Što sada?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

When we looked at the data,

Kada smo pogledali podatke,

and we met with the staff,

i susreli se sa osobljem,

there were many excuses

bilo je puno isprika

for why Strawberry Mansion was low-performing and persistently dangerous.

za to što škola ima loše rezultate i za to što je opasna.

They said that only 68 percent of the kids come to school on a regular basis,

Rekli su da samo 68% djece redovito dolazi u školu,

100 percent of them live in poverty,

100% njih živi u siromaštvu,

only one percent of the parents participate,

samo 1% roditelja sudjeluje,

many of the children

puno djece

come from incarceration and single-parent homes,

dolazi iz zatvora i iz domova s jednim roditeljom,

39 percent of the students have special needs,

39% učenika je s posebnim potrebama,

and the state data revealed

i državni podatci otkrili su

that six percent of the students were proficient in algebra,

da je 6% učenika vješto u matematici,

and 10 were proficient in literature.

a 10% u književnosti.

After they got through telling us all the stories

Kada su nam ispričali sve priče

of how awful the conditions and the children were,

o tome kako su uvijeti i djeca grozni,

I looked at them,

pogledala sam ih,

and I said, "So what. Now what?

i rekla "Pa što? Što sada?"

What are we gonna do about it?"

Što ćemo učiniti po tom pitanju?

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Eliminating excuses at every turn became my primary responsibility.

Uklanjanje isprika na svakom koraku postalo je moja prva zadaća.

We addressed every one of those excuses

Odgovorili smo na svaku od tih isprika

through a mandatory professional development,

kroz obvezno profesionalno usavršavanje,

paving the way for intense focus on teaching and learning.

praveći put za fokus na poučavanje i učenje.

After many observations,

Nakon puno promatranja,

what we determined was that teachers knew what to teach

utvrdili smo da učitelji znaju što poučavati

but they did not know how to teach

ali ne i kako to poučavati

so many children with so many vast abilities.

toliko puno djece sa puno mogućnosti.

So, we developed a lesson delivery model for instruction

Zbog toga smo razvili model poučavanja

that focused on small group instruction,

koji se fokusirao na poučavanje manjih grupa,

making it possible for all the students to get their individual needs met

i omogućio da se individualno pobrinemo za potrebe svih učenika

in the classroom.

u učionici.

The results?

Rezultati?

After one year, state data revealed

Nakon godine, državni podatci otkrili su

that our scores have grown by 171 percent in Algebra

da su nam rezultati iz matematike bolji za 171%,

and 107 percent in literature.

a iz književnosti za 107%.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

We have a very long way to go,

Imamo još puno za raditi,

a very long way to go,

jako puno za raditi,

but we now approach every obstacle with a "So What. Now What?" attitude.

ali sada svakoji prepreci prilazimo sa "Pa što? Što sad?" stavom.

And that brings me to my third and final slogan.

To me dovodi do trećeg i zadnjeg slogana.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

If nobody told you they loved you today,

Ako ti danas nitko nije rekao volim te,

you remember I do, and I always will.

sjeti se da te ja volim, i voljet ću te uvijek.

My students have problems:

Moji učenici imaju probleme:

social, emotional and economic problems

socijalne, emocionalne i ekonomske probleme

you could never imagine.

kakve ne možete zamisliti.

Some of them are parents themselves,

Neki od njih sami su sebi roditelji,

and some are completely alone.

neki su potpuno sami.

If someone asked me my real secret

Kad bi me netko pitao moju tajnu

for how I truly keep Strawberry Mansion moving forward,

kako Strawberry Mansion guram naprijed,

I would have to say that I love my students

morala bih reći da volim svoje učenike

and I believe in their possibilities

i vjerujem u njihove mogućnosti

unconditionally.

bezuvijetno.

When I look at them,

Kada ih pogledam

I can only see what they can become,

vidim samo ono što mogu postati,

and that is because I am one of them.

a to je zbog toga što sam jedna od njih.

I grew up poor in North Philadelphia too.

I ja sam odrasla u siromaštvu u Sjevernoj Philadelphiji.

I know what it feels like to go to a school that's not a school.

I ja znam kako je ići u školu koja nije škola.

I know what it feels like to wonder

I ja znam kako je pitati se

if there's ever going to be any way out of poverty.

postoji li put iz siromaštva.

But because of my amazing mother,

Ali zbog moje nevjerojatne majke,

I got the ability to dream

ja sam imala mogućnost sanjati

despite the poverty that surrounded me.

bez obzira na siromaštvo koje me okruživalo.

So --

Zbog toga --

(Applause) --

(Pljesak) --

if I'm going to push my students

ako ću gurati učenike

toward their dream and their purpose in life,

prema njihovom snu i njihovoj svrsi u životu,

I've got to get to know who they are.

moram znati tko su oni.

So I have to spend time with them,

Moram provoditi vrijeme s njima,

so I manage the lunchroom every day.

zbog toga vodim ručak svaki dan.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And while I'm there,

I dok sam tamo,

I talk to them about deeply personal things,

razgovaram s njima o osobnim stvarima,

and when it's their birthday,

a kada im je rođendan,

I sing "Happy Birthday"

pjevam "Sretan rođendan"

even though I cannot sing at all.

iako uopće ne znam pjevati.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I often ask them,

Često ih pitam,

"Why do you want me to sing when I cannot sing at all?"

"Zašto želite da pjevam, kad ne znam pjevati? "

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And they respond by saying,

A oni odgovaraju,

"Because we like feeling special."

"Zato što se volimo osjećati posebno."

We hold monthly town hall meetings

Održavamo mjesečne sastanke

to listen to their concerns,

kako bi saslušali njihove brige,

to find out what is on their minds.

i saznali što im je na umu.

They ask us questions like, "Why do we have to follow rules?"

Postavljaju pitanja kao: "Zašto moramo slijediti pravila?"

"Why are there so many consequences?"

"Zašto je toliko puno poslijedica?"

"Why can't we just do what we want to do?"

"Zašto ne mošemo raditi što želimo?"

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

They ask, and I answer each question honestly,

Oni pitaju, a ja iskreno odgovorim na sva pitanja,

and this exchange in listening helps to clear up any misconceptions.

i ova razmjena pomaže u otklanjanju svih nesporazuma.

Every moment is a teachable moment.

Iz svakog trenutka se može nešto naučiti.

My reward,

Moja nagrada,

my reward

a moja nagrada

for being non-negotiable in my rules and consequences

za to što ne pregovaram o svojim pravilima i posljedicama

is their earned respect.

je njihovo zasluženo poštovanje.

I insist on it,

Ja inzistiram na tome,

and because of this, we can accomplish things together.

i zbog toga postižemo stvari zajedno.

They are clear about my expectations for them,

Oni shvaćaju što očekujem od njih,

and I repeat those expectations every day over the P.A. system.

a ja ponavljam te stvari svaki dan kroz javno obraćanje.

I remind them --

Podsjećam ih --

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I remind them of those core values

Podsjećam ih na osnovne vrijednosti

of focus, tradition, excellence,

na fokus, tradiciju, izvrsnost,

integrity and perseverance,

integritet i ustrajnost,

and I remind them every day

i podsjećam ih svaki dan

how education can truly change their lives.

kako im obrazovanje može promjeniti život.

And I end every announcement the same:

I svako obraćanje završavam jednako:

"If nobody told you they loved you today,

"Ako ti danas nitko nije rekao volim te,

you remember I do,

sjeti se da te ja volim,

and I always will."

i voljet ću te uvijek."

Ashley's words

Ashleyne riječi

of "Miss, Miss,

"Gopođo, gospođo,

this is not a school,"

ovo nije škola"

is forever etched in my mind.

zauvijek su urezane u moje pamćenje.

If we are truly going to make real progress

Ako stvarno želimo napraviti pomak

in addressing poverty,

kad je u pitanju siromaštvo

then we have to make sure

onda se moramo pobrinuti

that every school that serves children in poverty

da je svaka škola koja služi siromašnoj djeci

is a real school,

prava škola,

a school, a school --

škola, škola --

(Applause) --

(Pljesak)

a school that provides them with knowledge

škola koja im daje znanje,

and mental training to navigate the world around them.

i mentalni trening kako bi plovili svijetom oko sebe.

I do not know all the answers,

Ja ne znam sve odgovore,

but what I do know is for those of us who are privileged

ali znam da mi koji smo privilegirani

and have the responsibility of leading a school that serves children in poverty,

i imamo odgovornost voditi školu koja služi siromašnoj djeci,

we must truly lead,

mi stvarno moramo voditi,

and when we are faced with unbelievable challenges,

a kada smo suočeni sa nevjerojatnim izazovima,

we must stop and ask ourselves, "So what. Now what?

moramo stati i upitati se "Pa što? Što sad?

What are we going to do about it?"

Što ćemo učiniti u vezi toga?"

And as we lead,

I dok vodimo,

we must never forget

ne smijemo zaboraviti

that every single one of our students

da je svaki od naših učenika

is just a child,

samo dijete,

often scared by what the world tells them they should be,

često uplašeno zbog onoga što mu svijet govori da bi trebalo biti,

and no matter what the rest of the world tells them they should be,

i bez obzira na to što im svijet govori da trebaju biti,

we should always provide them with hope,

uvijek im trebamo pružati nadu,

our undivided attention,

nepodijeljenu pažnju

unwavering belief in their potential,

nepokolebljivu vjeru u njihov potencijal.

consistent expectations,

dosljedna očekivanja,

and we must tell them often,

i moramo im često govoriti,

if nobody told them they loved them today,

ako vam nitko danas nije rekao da vas voli

remember we do, and we always will.

sjetite se mi vas volimo, i uvijek hoćemo.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Thank you, Jesus.

Hvala ti, Isuse.