Dennis Hong: Making a car for blind drivers

Prevodilac: Bojan Kostic Lektor: Mateja Nenadovic

Many believe driving is an activity

Mnogi veruju da je vožnja aktivnost

solely reserved for those who can see.

rezervisana isključivo za one koji vide.

A blind person driving a vehicle safely and independently

Mogućnost slepe osobe koja bezbedno i nezavisno vozi

was thought to be an impossible task, until now.

se smatralo nemogućim zadatakom, sve do sada.

Hello, my name is Dennis Hong,

Zdravo, moje ime je Denis Hong,

and we're bringing freedom and independence to the blind

i mi uvodimo slobodu i nezavisnost za slepe osobe

by building a vehicle for the visually impaired.

praveći vozilo za osobe sa oštećenim vidom.

So before I talk about this car for the blind,

Pre nego što počnem da govorim o automobilu za slepe osobe,

let me briefly tell you about another project that I worked on

ukratko ću vam reći o još jednom projektu na kome sam radio

called the DARPA Urban Challenge.

koji se naziva DARPA Urbani Izazov.

Now this was about building a robotic car

Ovde se radilo o pravljenju robotskog automobila

that can drive itself.

koji može sam da vozi.

You press start, nobody touches anything,

Pritisnete start, niko ne dira ništa,

and it can reach its destination fully autonomously.

i on može da stigne do svog odredišta potpuno autonomno.

So in 2007, our team won half a million dollars

Naš tim je 2007. godine osvojio pola miliona dolara,

by placing third place in this competition.

osvojivši treće mesto na ovom takmičenju.

So about that time,

U to vreme,

the National Federation of the Blind, or NFB,

Nacionalna federacija slepih, ili NFB,

challenged the research committee

uputila je izazov istraživačkom komitetu

about who can develop a car

vezan za to ko može da razvije automobil

that lets a blind person drive safely and independently.

koji omogućava slepoj osobi da vozi bezbedno i nezavisno.

We decided to give it a try,

Odlučili smo da pokušamo

because we thought, "Hey, how hard could it be?"

i mislili smo “Koliko to teško može da bude?“

We have already an autonomous vehicle.

Mi već imamo autonomno vozilo.

We just put a blind person in it and we're done, right?

Samo stavimo slepu osobu unutra i to je to, je li tako?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

We couldn't have been more wrong.

Nismo mogli više da pogrešimo.

What NFB wanted

Ono što je NFB želela

was not a vehicle that can drive a blind person around,

nije vozilo koje može da vozi slepu osobu,

but a vehicle where a blind person can make active decisions and drive.

već vozilo gde slepa osoba može da donosi aktivne odluke i da upravlja vozilom.

So we had to throw everything out the window

Morali smo da se odreknemo svega

and start from scratch.

i da počnemo ispočetka.

So to test this crazy idea,

Da bi testirali ovu ludu ideju,

we developed a small dune buggy prototype vehicle

razvili smo malo prototip vozilo za vožnju po pesku

to test the feasibility.

da testiramo izvodljivost toga.

And in the summer of 2009,

U leto 2009.,

we invited dozens of blind youth from all over the country

pozvali smo desetine slepih mladih ljudi iz cele zemlje

and gave them a chance to take it for a spin.

i dali smo im šansu da isprobaju vozilo.

It was an absolutely amazing experience.

To je bilo apsolutno neverovatno iskustvo.

But the problem with this car was

Problem sa ovim automobilom je bio taj

it was designed to only be driven in a very controlled environment,

da je bio projektovan samo za vožnju u veoma kontrolisanom okruženju,

in a flat, closed-off parking lot --

na ravnom, zatvorenom parkingu –

even the lanes defined by red traffic cones.

čak su i saobraćajne trake bile definisane crvenim saobraćajnim kupama.

So with this success,

Sa ovim uspehom,

we decided to take the next big step,

odlučili smo da napravimo sledeći veliki korak,

to develop a real car that can be driven on real roads.

da razvijemo stvarni automobil, koji se može voziti na pravim putevima.

So how does it work?

Kako to funkcioniše?

Well, it's a rather complex system,

Dakle, to je veoma složen sistem,

but let me try to explain it, maybe simplify it.

ali dozvolite mi da pokušam da objasnim, ili da ga pojednostavim.

So we have three steps.

Postoje tri koraka.

We have perception, computation

Postoje percepcija, obrada

and non-visual interfaces.

i ne-vizuelni interfejsi.

Now obviously the driver cannot see,

Očigleno je da vozač ne može da vidi,

so the system needs to perceive the environment

tako da sistem mora da opaža okruženje

and gather information for the driver.

i prikuplja informacije za vozača.

For that, we use an initial measurement unit.

Za ovu svrhu, koristi se početna merna jedinica.

So it measures acceleration, angular acceleration --

Ona meri ubrzanje, ugaono ubrzanje –

like a human ear, inner ear.

kao ljudsko uho, unutrašnje uho.

We fuse that information with a GPS unit

Te informacije se spajaju sa GPS jedinicom

to get an estimate of the location of the car.

da bi se dobila procena lokacije automobila.

We also use two cameras to detect the lanes of the road.

Takođe se koriste dve kamere za detektovanje saobraćajnih traka na putu.

And we also use three laser range finders.

Koriste se i tri laserska detektora.

The lasers scan the environment to detect obstacles --

Laseri skeniraju okruženje da bi detektovali prepreke –

a car approaching from the front, the back

vozilo koje se približava sa prednje strane, sa zadnje strane

and also any obstacles that run into the roads,

i bilo koje prepreke koje se nalaze na putu,

any obstacles around the vehicle.

kao i prepreke koje se nalaze oko vozila.

So all this vast amount of information is then fed into the computer,

Ova ogromna količina informacija se zatim šalje u kompjuter,

and the computer can do two things.

i kompjuter može da radi dve stvari.

One is, first of all, process this information

Jedna je, pre svega, obrada ovih informacija

to have an understanding of the environment --

zbog razumevanja okruženja –

these are the lanes of the road, there's the obstacles --

to su trake na putu, prepreke –

and convey this information to the driver.

i da prenese ove informacije vozaču.

The system is also smart enough

Sistem je dovoljno pametan

to figure out the safest way to operate the car.

da odredi najbezbedniji put za kretanje vozila.

So we can also generate instructions

Takođe mogu da se naprave instrukcije

on how to operate the controls of the vehicle.

kako upravljati komandama u vozilu.

But the problem is this: How do we convey

Ali problem je sledeći: Kako da prenesemo

this information and instructions

ove informacije i instrukcije

to a person who cannot see

osobi koja ne može da vidi

fast enough and accurate enough so he can drive?

dovoljno brzo i precizno da vidi da bi mogla da vozi?

So for this, we developed many different types

Za ovu svrhu, razvili smo mnogo različitih tipova

of non-visual user interface technology.

tehnologija ne-vizuelnih, korisničkih interfejsa.

So starting from a three-dimensional ping sound system,

Počevši sa trodimenzionalnim ping zvučnim sistemom,

a vibrating vest,

vibrirajućim prslukom,

a click wheel with voice commands, a leg strip,

volanom sa dugmićima i zvučnim komandama, nožnom trakom,

even a shoe that applies pressure to the foot.

čak i cipelom koja prenosi pritisak na stopalo.

But today we're going to talk about

Danas ćemo govoriti

three of these non-visual user interfaces.

o tri od ovih ne-vizuelnih interfejsa.

Now the first interface is called a DriveGrip.

Prvi interfejs se zove Upravljačko rukovanje.

So these are a pair of gloves,

To je par rukavica

and it has vibrating elements on the knuckle part

koje poseduju vibrirajuće elemente u predelu šake

so you can convey instructions about how to steer --

i omogućavaju prenošenje instrukcije koje se tiču upravljanja –

the direction and the intensity.

smer i intenzitet.

Another device is called SpeedStrip.

Drugi uređaj se zove Brzinska oprema.

So this is a chair -- as a matter of fact, it's actually a massage chair.

To je stolica – u stvari, to je stolica koja masira.

We gut it out, and we rearrange the vibrating elements in different patterns,

Rekonstruisali smo je, preuredili smo vibrirajuće elemente na različite načine

and we actuate them to convey information about the speed,

i aktivirali smo ih da prenose informacije o brzini,

and also instructions how to use the gas and the brake pedal.

takođe i instrukcije kako se koriste pedale gasa i kočnice.

So over here, you can see

Ovde možete videti

how the computer understands the environment,

kako kompjuter razume okruženje,

and because you cannot see the vibration,

i zato što vi ne možete da vidite vibraciju,

we actually put red LED's on the driver so that you can see what's happening.

stavili smo crvene LED svetiljke na vozača tako da možete da vidite šta se dešava.

This is the sensory data,

Ovo su podaci sa senzora,

and that data is transferred to the devices through the computer.

i ti podaci se prenose u uređaje pomoću kompjutera.

So these two devices, DriveGrip and SpeedStrip,

Ova dva uređaja, Upravljačko rukovanje i Brzinska oprema,

are very effective.

su veoma efektivni.

But the problem is

Problem je

these are instructional cue devices.

što su to uređaji koji daju instrukcije.

So this is not really freedom, right?

Ovo nije u stvari sloboda, zar ne?

The computer tells you how to drive --

Kompjuter vam govori kako da vozite –

turn left, turn right, speed up, stop.

skreni levo, skreni desno, ubrzaj, zaustavi se.

We call this the "backseat-driver problem."

Mi ovo nazivamo "problem da vam stalno neko suflira".

So we're moving away from the instructional cue devices,

Mi se udaljavamo od uređaja koji daju instrukcije,

and we're now focusing more

i sada se više fokusiramo

on the informational devices.

na informativne uređaje.

A good example for this informational non-visual user interface

Dobar primer ovih informativnih ne-vizuelnih korisničkih interfejsa

is called AirPix.

se naziva Vazdušna fotografija.

So think of it as a monitor for the blind.

To zamislite kao monitor za slepe ljude.

So it's a small tablet, has many holes in it,

To je mala ploča, ima mnogo otvora u sebi,

and compressed air comes out,

kompresovani vazduh izlazi napolje,

so it can actually draw images.

tako da on u stvari može da pravi slike.

So even though you are blind, you can put your hand over it,

Čak iako ste slepi, možete da stavite ruku preko njega

you can see the lanes of the road and obstacles.

i da vidite saobraćajne trake na putu i prepreke.

Actually, you can also change the frequency of the air coming out

Takođe možete da promenite učestalost vazduha koji izlazi

and possibly the temperature.

kao i temperaturu.

So it's actually a multi-dimensional user interface.

To je u stvari multidimenzionalni korisnički interfejs.

So here you can see the left camera, the right camera from the vehicle

Ovde možete da vidite levu kameru, desnu kameru vozila

and how the computer interprets that and sends that information to the AirPix.

i kako kompjuter to interpretira i šalje te informacije Vazdušnoj fotografiji.

For this, we're showing a simulator,

Za ovu svrhu, pokazujemo simulator,

a blind person driving using the AirPix.

slepa osoba koja vozi koristeći Vazdušnu fotografiju.

This simulator was also very useful for training the blind drivers

Ovaj simulator je takođe veoma bio koristan za obuku slepih vozača

and also quickly testing different types of ideas

kao i za brzo testiranje različitih tipova ideja

for different types of non-visual user interfaces.

za različite tipove ne-vizuelnih, korisničkih interfejsa.

So basically that's how it works.

U osnovi to radi ovako.

So just a month ago,

Pre samo mesec dana,

on January 29th,

29. januara,

we unveiled this vehicle for the very first time to the public

po prvi put smo prikazali ovo vozilo javnosti

at the world-famous Daytona International Speedway

na svetski poznatoj Dejtona međunarodnoj stazi

during the Rolex 24 racing event.

tokom Roleks 24 trkačkog događaja.

We also had some surprises. Let's take a look.

Imali smo i nekoliko iznenađenja. Hajde da pogledamo.

(Music)

(Muzika)

(Video) Announcer: This is an historic day in January.

(Video) Spiker: Ovo je istorijski dan u januaru.

He's coming up to the grandstand, fellow Federationists.

On izlazi na pozornicu, drugovi naši.

(Cheering)

(Ovacije)

(Honking)

(Trubljenje)

There's the grandstand now.

Tamo je sada pozornica.

And he's [unclear] following that van that's out in front of him.

I on [nejasno] prati taj kombi koji je ispred njega.

Well there comes the first box.

Dolazi prva kutija.

Now let's see if Mark avoids it.

Da vidimo da li će je Mark izbeći.

He does. He passes it on the right.

Izbegava je. On je prolazi sa desne strane.

Third box is out. The fourth box is out.

Treća kutija je izbačena. Četvrta kutija je izbačena.

And he's perfectly making his way between the two.

On savršeno pronalazi put između dve kutije.

He's closing in on the van

Približava se kombiju

to make the moving pass.

da bi ga pretekao.

Well this is what it's all about,

U ovome je suština,

this kind of dynamic display of audacity and ingenuity.

vrsta dinamičnog monitora sa zvukovima i genijalnošću.

He's approaching the end of the run,

On se približava kraju staze

makes his way between the barrels that are set up there.

i pronalazi put između buradi koja je tamo postavljena.

(Honking)

(Trubljenje)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Dennis Hong: I'm so happy for you.

Denis Hong: Veoma sam srećan zbog tebe.

Mark's going to give me a ride back to the hotel.

Mark će me odvesti nazad do hotela.

Mark Riccobono: Yes.

Mark Rikobono: Da.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

DH: So since we started this project,

DH: Od kada smo započeli ovaj projekat,

we've been getting hundreds of letters, emails, phone calls

dobijamo stotine pisama, mejlova, telefonskih poziva

from people from all around the world.

od ljudi iz čitavog sveta.

Letters thanking us, but sometimes you also get funny letters like this one:

Pisma u kojima nam se zahvaljuju, a ponekad dobijemo i neko zabavno pismo kao što je ovo:

"Now I understand why there is Braille on a drive-up ATM machine."

“Sad razumem zašto se Brajevo pismo nalazi na bankomatu kome se može prići kolima.”

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But sometimes --

Ponekad –

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But sometimes I also do get --

Ponekad stvarno dobijem –

I wouldn't call it hate mail --

ne bih to nazvao mejlom mržnje –

but letters of really strong concern:

već pisma veoma velike zabrinutosti:

"Dr. Hong, are you insane,

“Dr Hong, da li ste vi normalni,

trying to put blind people on the road?

pokušavate da stavite slepe ljude da voze?

You must be out of your mind."

Mora da ste van pameti.”

But this vehicle is a prototype vehicle,

Ovo vozilo je prototip vozilo

and it's not going to be on the road

i neće se naći na ulicama dok se ne dokaže

until it's proven as safe as, or safer than, today's vehicle.

kao podjednako bezbedno ili bezbednije od današnjeg vozila.

And I truly believe that this can happen.

Ja zaista verujem da se ovo može dogoditi.

But still, will the society,

Ali da li će društvo

would they accept such a radical idea?

prihvatiti ovako radikalnu ideju?

How are we going to handle insurance?

Kako će se rešiti osiguranje?

How are we going to issue driver's licenses?

Kako će se izdavati vozačke dozvole?

There's many of these different kinds of hurdles besides technology challenges

Postoji mnogo različitih poteškoća pored tehničkih izazova

that we need to address before this becomes a reality.

koje moramo da rešimo pre nego što ovo postane realnost.

Of course, the main goal of this project

Naravno, glavni cilj ovog projekta

is to develop a car for the blind.

je da se razvije automobil za slepe ljude.

But potentially more important than this

Još važnije od ovoga potencijalno

is the tremendous value of the spin-off technology

može biti ogromna vrednost nove tehnologije

that can come from this project.

koja može da se izrodi iz ovog projekta.

The sensors that are used can see through the dark,

Senzori koji se koriste mogu da vide

the fog and rain.

po mraku, magli i kiši.

And together with this new type of interfaces,

Zajedno sa ovim novim tipom interfejsa,

we can use these technologies

možemo da koristimo ove tehnologije

and apply them to safer cars for sighted people.

i primenimo ih na bezbednije automobile za osobe sa dobrim vidom.

Or for the blind, everyday home appliances --

I za slepe ljude, svakodnevne kućne uređaje –

in the educational setting, in the office setting.

u obrazovnom okruženju, u kancelarijskom okruženju.

Just imagine, in a classroom a teacher writes on the blackboard

Samo zamislite, u učionici nastavnik piče na tabli

and a blind student can see what's written and read

a slepi student može da vidi šta je napisano i čita

using these non-visual interfaces.

pomoću ovih ne-vizuelnih interfejsa.

This is priceless.

To je neprocenjivo.

So today, the things I've showed you today, is just the beginning.

Stvari koje sam vam pokazao danas, su samo početak.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam puno.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)