Dennis Hong: Making a car for blind drivers

109,372 views ・ 2011-06-03

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Prevoditelj: Tilen Pigac - EFZG Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG
00:15
Many believe driving is an activity
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Mnogi vjeruju kako je vožnja aktivnost
00:18
solely reserved for those who can see.
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isključivo rezervirana za one koji vide.
00:20
A blind person driving a vehicle safely and independently
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Slijepa osoba koja vozi auto sigurno i samostalno
00:23
was thought to be an impossible task, until now.
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je bilo okarakterizirano kao nemoguća misija, sve do sada.
00:26
Hello, my name is Dennis Hong,
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Dobar dan, moje ime je Dennis Hong
00:28
and we're bringing freedom and independence to the blind
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i donosimo slobodu i samostalnost slijepcima
00:30
by building a vehicle for the visually impaired.
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izrađujući vozila za slabovidne osobe.
00:33
So before I talk about this car for the blind,
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Dakle, prije nego počnem pričati o tom autu za slijepe osobe,
00:36
let me briefly tell you about another project that I worked on
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dopustite mi da vam ukratko ispričam o drugom projektu na kojem sam radio
00:38
called the DARPA Urban Challenge.
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a koji se zove DARPA urbani izazov.
00:40
Now this was about building a robotic car
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Sada, tu se radilo o izradi robotskog auta
00:42
that can drive itself.
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koji može voziti sam.
00:44
You press start, nobody touches anything,
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Pritisnete start, nitko ne dira ništa
00:46
and it can reach its destination fully autonomously.
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i dolazi do svoje destinacije potpuno samostalno.
00:49
So in 2007, our team won half a million dollars
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Stoga je 2007. godine naš tim osvojio pola milijuna dolara
00:52
by placing third place in this competition.
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osvojivši treće mjesto na tom natjecanju.
00:54
So about that time,
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Dakle, u približno isto vrijeme,
00:56
the National Federation of the Blind, or NFB,
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Nacionalna federacija slijepih, ili NFS,
00:58
challenged the research committee
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postavila je izazov istražnom odboru
01:00
about who can develop a car
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o tome tko može razviti auto
01:02
that lets a blind person drive safely and independently.
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koji omogućava slijepim osobama da voze sigurno i samostalno.
01:04
We decided to give it a try,
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Odlučili smo pokušati,
01:06
because we thought, "Hey, how hard could it be?"
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jer smo pomislili, hej, kako teško to može biti.
01:08
We have already an autonomous vehicle.
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Već imamo autonomno vozilo.
01:10
We just put a blind person in it and we're done, right?
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Samo stavimo slijepu osobu unutra i gotovi smo, zar ne?
01:12
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:14
We couldn't have been more wrong.
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Nismo mogli više pogriješiti.
01:16
What NFB wanted
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Ono što je NFS želio
01:18
was not a vehicle that can drive a blind person around,
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nije bilo vozilo koje može voziti slijepu osobu okolo,
01:21
but a vehicle where a blind person can make active decisions and drive.
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već vozilo gdje slijepa osoba može donositi aktivne odluke i voziti.
01:24
So we had to throw everything out the window
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Stoga smo sve morali izbaciti van
01:26
and start from scratch.
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i početi ispočetka.
01:28
So to test this crazy idea,
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Kako bi testirali tu ludu ideju,
01:30
we developed a small dune buggy prototype vehicle
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razvili smo mali prototip vozila za vožnju po dinama
01:32
to test the feasibility.
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kako bi testirali njegovu provedivost.
01:34
And in the summer of 2009,
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A u ljeto 2009. godine
01:36
we invited dozens of blind youth from all over the country
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pozvali smo desetke slijepih mladih osoba iz cijele zemlje
01:39
and gave them a chance to take it for a spin.
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i dali im šansu da se provozaju u tom vozilu.
01:41
It was an absolutely amazing experience.
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Bilo je to potpuno nevjerojatno iskustvo.
01:43
But the problem with this car was
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Ali problem s tim autom je bio
01:45
it was designed to only be driven in a very controlled environment,
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to što je on bio dizajniran da ga se vozi samo u strogo kontroliranom okolišu,
01:48
in a flat, closed-off parking lot --
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na ravnom zatvorenom parkiralištu --
01:50
even the lanes defined by red traffic cones.
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čak i trake su bile definirane crvenim prometnim stošcima.
01:52
So with this success,
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Dakle, s tim uspjehom,
01:54
we decided to take the next big step,
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odlučili smo poduzeti idući veliki korak,
01:56
to develop a real car that can be driven on real roads.
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razviti pravi auto koji može voziti po pravim cestama.
01:59
So how does it work?
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Dakle, kako to funkcionira?
02:01
Well, it's a rather complex system,
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Pa, to je prilično kompleksan sustav,
02:03
but let me try to explain it, maybe simplify it.
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ali dopustite mi da ga objasnim, možda ga i pojasnim.
02:06
So we have three steps.
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Dakle imamo tri koraka.
02:08
We have perception, computation
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Imamo percepciju, računanje
02:10
and non-visual interfaces.
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i ne vizualna sučelja.
02:12
Now obviously the driver cannot see,
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Sada, očito je kako vozač ne može vidjeti
02:14
so the system needs to perceive the environment
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stoga sustav mora vidjeti okolinu
02:16
and gather information for the driver.
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i prikupiti informaciju za vozača.
02:18
For that, we use an initial measurement unit.
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Za to, koristimo početnu mjernu jedinicu.
02:21
So it measures acceleration, angular acceleration --
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Dakle, mjeri ubrzanje, kutno ubrzanje --
02:23
like a human ear, inner ear.
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poput ljudskog uha, unutarnjeg uha.
02:25
We fuse that information with a GPS unit
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Spojimo te podatke s GPS jedinicom
02:27
to get an estimate of the location of the car.
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kako bi dobili procjenu lokacije auta.
02:30
We also use two cameras to detect the lanes of the road.
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Isto tako koristimo dvije kamere kako bismo detektirali dvije trake ceste.
02:33
And we also use three laser range finders.
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I isto tako koristimo tri laserska daljinomjera.
02:35
The lasers scan the environment to detect obstacles --
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Laseri skeniraju okolinu kako bi detektirali prepreke --
02:38
a car approaching from the front, the back
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auto koji se približava sprijeda, odostraga
02:40
and also any obstacles that run into the roads,
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i isto tako bilokakve prepreke koje se pojave na cesti,
02:43
any obstacles around the vehicle.
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bilokakve prepreke oko vozila.
02:45
So all this vast amount of information is then fed into the computer,
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Zatim je sva ta silna količina informacija proslijeđena u računalo,
02:48
and the computer can do two things.
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a računalo može učiniti dvije stvari.
02:50
One is, first of all, process this information
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Jedna je, kao prvo, procesuirati te informacije
02:53
to have an understanding of the environment --
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kako bi razumijeli okolinu --
02:55
these are the lanes of the road, there's the obstacles --
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to su trake na cesti, to su prepreke --
02:58
and convey this information to the driver.
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i prenesti te informacije vozaču.
03:00
The system is also smart enough
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Sustav je ujedno i dovoljno pametan
03:02
to figure out the safest way to operate the car.
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da dokuči najsigurniji način upravljanja autom.
03:04
So we can also generate instructions
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Dakle, možemo isto tako proizvesti upute
03:06
on how to operate the controls of the vehicle.
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kako upravljati komandama vozila.
03:08
But the problem is this: How do we convey
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Ali problem je ovaj: Kako prenijeti
03:10
this information and instructions
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tu informaciju i upute
03:12
to a person who cannot see
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osobi koja ne može vidjeti
03:14
fast enough and accurate enough so he can drive?
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dovoljno brzo i dovoljno precizno da on može voziti?
03:17
So for this, we developed many different types
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Za to smo razvili puno različitih vrsta
03:19
of non-visual user interface technology.
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tehnologija nevizualnih korisničkih sučelja.
03:22
So starting from a three-dimensional ping sound system,
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Dakle, od trodimenzionalnog zvučnog sustava fijukanja,
03:24
a vibrating vest,
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vibracijskog prsluka,
03:26
a click wheel with voice commands, a leg strip,
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klika kotača s glasovnim upravljanjem, trake za nogu,
03:29
even a shoe that applies pressure to the foot.
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čak i cipele koja prenosi pristisak na stopalo.
03:31
But today we're going to talk about
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Ali danas ćemo pričati o
03:33
three of these non-visual user interfaces.
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tri od tih nevizualnih korisničkih sučelja.
03:35
Now the first interface is called a DriveGrip.
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Prvo sučelje se zove DriveGrip.
03:38
So these are a pair of gloves,
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To je par rukavica
03:40
and it has vibrating elements on the knuckle part
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i ima vibracijske elemente na zglobnom dijelu,
03:42
so you can convey instructions about how to steer --
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tako da možete prenijeti upute o tome kako upravljati --
03:45
the direction and the intensity.
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smjer i intenzitet.
03:47
Another device is called SpeedStrip.
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Druga naprava se zove SpeedStrip.
03:49
So this is a chair -- as a matter of fact, it's actually a massage chair.
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Dakle, to je sjedalo -- u stvari, to je zapravo sjedalo za masažu.
03:52
We gut it out, and we rearrange the vibrating elements in different patterns,
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Izvadili smo ga van i premijestili smo vibrirajuće elemente u različite obrasce.
03:56
and we actuate them to convey information about the speed,
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I uključujemo ih kako bi prenijeli informaciju o brzini
03:59
and also instructions how to use the gas and the brake pedal.
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i o uputama kako koristiti papučice za gas i kočnicu.
04:02
So over here, you can see
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Dakle, ovdje možete vidjeti
04:04
how the computer understands the environment,
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kako računalo razumije okolinu.
04:06
and because you cannot see the vibration,
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I jer ne možete vidjeti vibraciju,
04:08
we actually put red LED's on the driver so that you can see what's happening.
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zapravo smo stavili crvene LED-ice na vozača, tako da možete vidjeti što se događa.
04:11
This is the sensory data,
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Ovo su senzorski podaci
04:13
and that data is transferred to the devices through the computer.
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i ti podaci se prenose do uređaja preko računala.
04:16
So these two devices, DriveGrip and SpeedStrip,
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Dakle, ove dvije naprave, DriveGrip i SpeedStrip,
04:18
are very effective.
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su jako učinkovite.
04:20
But the problem is
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Ali problem je
04:22
these are instructional cue devices.
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što su to uređaji za davanje instrukcija.
04:24
So this is not really freedom, right?
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Dakle, to nije zapravo sloboda, zar ne?
04:26
The computer tells you how to drive --
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Računalo vam govori kako da vozite --
04:28
turn left, turn right, speed up, stop.
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skreni lijevo, skreni desno, ubrzaj, stani.
04:30
We call this the "backseat-driver problem."
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Zovemo to problem vozača na stražnjem sjedalu.
04:32
So we're moving away from the instructional cue devices,
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Stoga se odmičemo od uređaja za davanje instrukcija
04:35
and we're now focusing more
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i sada se više fokusiramo
04:37
on the informational devices.
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na informacijske uređaje.
04:39
A good example for this informational non-visual user interface
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Dobar primjer tog informacijskog nevizualnog korisničkog sučelja
04:41
is called AirPix.
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se naziva AirPix.
04:43
So think of it as a monitor for the blind.
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Dakle, zamislite to kao monitor za slijepe.
04:45
So it's a small tablet, has many holes in it,
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Dakle, to je mali tablet koji ima puno rupa u sebi
04:47
and compressed air comes out,
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a komprimiran zrak izlazi van,
04:49
so it can actually draw images.
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tako da zapravo može vući slike.
04:51
So even though you are blind, you can put your hand over it,
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Dakle, čak i ako ste slijepi, možete staviti ruku iznad njega
04:53
you can see the lanes of the road and obstacles.
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i možete vidjeti cestovne trake i prepreke.
04:55
Actually, you can also change the frequency of the air coming out
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Zapravo, možete ujedno i promijeniti frekvenciju zraka koji izlazi van
04:58
and possibly the temperature.
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i temperaturu.
05:00
So it's actually a multi-dimensional user interface.
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Dakle, to je zapravo multidimenzionalno korisničko sučelje.
05:03
So here you can see the left camera, the right camera from the vehicle
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Ovdje možete vidjeti lijevu kameru, desnu kameru vozila
05:06
and how the computer interprets that and sends that information to the AirPix.
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i kako računalo tumači to i šalje tu informaciju AirPixu.
05:09
For this, we're showing a simulator,
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Za to, prikazujemo simulator,
05:11
a blind person driving using the AirPix.
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slijepu osobu koja vozi koristeći AirPix.
05:14
This simulator was also very useful for training the blind drivers
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Taj simulator je bio ujedno i jako koristan za obučavanje slijepih vozača
05:17
and also quickly testing different types of ideas
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i vrlo brzo za testiranje različitih vrsta ideja
05:19
for different types of non-visual user interfaces.
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za različite vrste nevizualnih korisničkih sučelja.
05:21
So basically that's how it works.
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Dakle, tako u osnovi funkcionira.
05:23
So just a month ago,
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Dakle, prije samo mjesec dana,
05:25
on January 29th,
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29. siječnja,
05:27
we unveiled this vehicle for the very first time to the public
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otkrili smo to vozili po prvi puta javnosti
05:29
at the world-famous Daytona International Speedway
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na svjetski poznatom međunarodnom trkalištu Daytona
05:32
during the Rolex 24 racing event.
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tijekom Rolex 24 utrke.
05:34
We also had some surprises. Let's take a look.
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Isto tako smo imali neka iznenađenja. Pogledajmo.
05:37
(Music)
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(Glazba)
05:47
(Video) Announcer: This is an historic day in January.
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(Video) Spiker: Ovo je povijesni dan [nejasno].
05:51
He's coming up to the grandstand, fellow Federationists.
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Dolazi do tribina, kolega Federistas.
05:55
(Cheering)
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(Navijanje)
06:01
(Honking)
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(Trubljenje)
06:04
There's the grandstand now.
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Evo i tribine.
06:06
And he's [unclear] following that van that's out in front of him.
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I on [nejasno] slijedeći taj kombi koji se nalazi ispred njega.
06:10
Well there comes the first box.
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Evo dolazi i prva kutija.
06:12
Now let's see if Mark avoids it.
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Da vidimo hoće li je Mark izbjeći.
06:15
He does. He passes it on the right.
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Hoće. Obilazi je s desna.
06:20
Third box is out. The fourth box is out.
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Treća kutija je vani. Četvrta kutija je vani.
06:23
And he's perfectly making his way between the two.
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A on savršeno prolazi između njih dvije.
06:26
He's closing in on the van
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Približava se kombiju
06:28
to make the moving pass.
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kako bi ga pretekao.
06:32
Well this is what it's all about,
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Dakle, o tome se radi,
06:34
this kind of dynamic display of audacity and ingenuity.
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dinamičan prikaz smjelosti i genijalnosti.
06:39
He's approaching the end of the run,
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Približava se kraju staze,
06:42
makes his way between the barrels that are set up there.
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prolazi između bačvi koje su postavljene tamo.
06:47
(Honking)
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(Trubljenje)
06:50
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
06:56
Dennis Hong: I'm so happy for you.
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Dennis Hong: Tako sam sretan zbog tebe.
06:58
Mark's going to give me a ride back to the hotel.
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Mark će me odvesti natrag u hotel.
07:00
Mark Riccobono: Yes.
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Mark Riccobono: Da.
07:05
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
07:14
DH: So since we started this project,
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DH: Dakle, otkako smo započeli s tim projektom,
07:16
we've been getting hundreds of letters, emails, phone calls
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dobivamo stotine pisama, emailova, telefonskih poziva
07:19
from people from all around the world.
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od ljudi iz cijelog svijeta.
07:21
Letters thanking us, but sometimes you also get funny letters like this one:
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Pisma zahvale, ali ponekad dobijemo i smiješna pisma poput ovog:
07:24
"Now I understand why there is Braille on a drive-up ATM machine."
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"Sada razumijem zašto postoji Braillevo pismo na "drive in" bankomatu."
07:28
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:30
But sometimes --
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Ali ponekad --
07:32
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:34
But sometimes I also do get --
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Ali ponekad isto tako dobijem i --
07:36
I wouldn't call it hate mail --
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ne bih to nazvao pisma mržnje --
07:38
but letters of really strong concern:
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već pisma jako velike zabrinutosti:
07:40
"Dr. Hong, are you insane,
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Dr. Hong, jeste li vi ludi,
07:42
trying to put blind people on the road?
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pokušavajući staviti slijepe ljude na cestu?
07:44
You must be out of your mind."
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Vi mora da ste skrenuli."
07:46
But this vehicle is a prototype vehicle,
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Ali to vozilo je prototip
07:48
and it's not going to be on the road
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i neće ići na cestu
07:50
until it's proven as safe as, or safer than, today's vehicle.
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tako dugo dok se ne dokaže kako je sigurno, ili sigurnije, od današnjih vozila.
07:52
And I truly believe that this can happen.
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I doista vjerujem kako se to može dogoditi.
07:55
But still, will the society,
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Ali ipak, hoće li društvo,
07:57
would they accept such a radical idea?
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hoće li oni prihvatiti tako radikalnu ideju?
07:59
How are we going to handle insurance?
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Kako ćemo riješiti osiguranje?
08:01
How are we going to issue driver's licenses?
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Kako ćemo izdati vozačke dozvole?
08:03
There's many of these different kinds of hurdles besides technology challenges
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Postoji mnogo tih različitih vrsta prepreka pokraj tehnoloških izazova
08:06
that we need to address before this becomes a reality.
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koje moramo riješiti prije nego što to postane stvarnost.
08:09
Of course, the main goal of this project
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Naravno, glavni cilj ovog projekta
08:11
is to develop a car for the blind.
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je razviti auto za slijepe osobe.
08:13
But potentially more important than this
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Ali potencijalno još važnije od toga
08:15
is the tremendous value of the spin-off technology
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je ogromna vrijednost nove tehnologije
08:18
that can come from this project.
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koja proizađe iz tog projekta.
08:20
The sensors that are used can see through the dark,
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Senzori koji su upotrijebljeni mogu vidjeti kroz mrak,
08:22
the fog and rain.
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maglu i kišu.
08:24
And together with this new type of interfaces,
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I zajedno s tim novim vrstama sučelja,
08:26
we can use these technologies
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možemo koristiti te tehnologije
08:28
and apply them to safer cars for sighted people.
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i primjeniti ih sigurnijim autima za ljude s vidom.
08:30
Or for the blind, everyday home appliances --
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Ili za slijepe, svakodnevni kućanski aparati --
08:33
in the educational setting, in the office setting.
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u edukacijskom okruženju, u uredskom okruženju.
08:35
Just imagine, in a classroom a teacher writes on the blackboard
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Samo zamislite, u učionici učitelj piše na ploču
08:38
and a blind student can see what's written and read
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a slijepi student može vidjeti što je napisano i može čitati
08:41
using these non-visual interfaces.
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koristeći ta nevizualna sučelja.
08:43
This is priceless.
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To je neprocjenjivo.
08:46
So today, the things I've showed you today, is just the beginning.
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Dakle danas, stvari koje sam vam danas pokazao samo su početak.
08:49
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
08:51
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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