Dennis Hong: Making a car for blind drivers

109,582 views ใƒป 2011-06-03

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Rafi Taglicht ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
Many believe driving is an activity
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ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช
00:18
solely reserved for those who can see.
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ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื.
00:20
A blind person driving a vehicle safely and independently
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ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™
00:23
was thought to be an impossible task, until now.
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ื ืชืคืกื” ื›ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช, ืขื“ ืขืชื”.
00:26
Hello, my name is Dennis Hong,
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ืฉืœื•ื, ืฉืžื™ ื“ื ื™ืก ื”ื•ื ื’,
00:28
and we're bringing freedom and independence to the blind
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื•ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื
00:30
by building a vehicle for the visually impaired.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืœืงื•ื™ื™ ืจืื™ื”.
00:33
So before I talk about this car for the blind,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื,
00:36
let me briefly tell you about another project that I worked on
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื–ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื“ืชื™
00:38
called the DARPA Urban Challenge.
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ืืฉืจ ื ืงืจื DARPA ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™.
00:40
Now this was about building a robotic car
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ืืชื’ืจ ื–ื” ื ื’ืข ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืช
00:42
that can drive itself.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื”.
00:44
You press start, nobody touches anything,
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ืืชื” ืœื•ื—ืฅ ื”ืชื—ืœ, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ,
00:46
and it can reach its destination fully autonomously.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืขื“ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
00:49
So in 2007, our team won half a million dollars
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ืื ื›ืš ื‘2007, ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœื ื• ื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
00:52
by placing third place in this competition.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื–ื•.
00:54
So about that time,
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
00:56
the National Federation of the Blind, or NFB,
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ื”ืคื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื, ืื• ื”NFB,
00:58
challenged the research committee
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ืืชื’ืจื” ืืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ
01:00
about who can develop a car
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืชื— ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช
01:02
that lets a blind person drive safely and independently.
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ืืฉืจ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืื“ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืขืฆืžืื™.
01:04
We decided to give it a try,
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื ืกื•ืช,
01:06
because we thought, "Hey, how hard could it be?"
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื•, ื”ื™ื™, ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
01:08
We have already an autonomous vehicle.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจื›ื‘ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™.
01:10
We just put a blind person in it and we're done, right?
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืฉื™ื ืื“ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื•ื–ื”ื•, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:14
We couldn't have been more wrong.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
01:16
What NFB wanted
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ืžื” ืฉื” NFB ืจืฆื•
01:18
was not a vehicle that can drive a blind person around,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกื™ืข ืื“ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ,
01:21
but a vehicle where a blind person can make active decisions and drive.
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ืืœื ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื“ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’.
01:24
So we had to throw everything out the window
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ื”ื›ืœ ืžื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ
01:26
and start from scratch.
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ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื”ืชื—ืœื”.
01:28
So to test this crazy idea,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ื”ื–ื”,
01:30
we developed a small dune buggy prototype vehicle
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ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืจื›ื‘ ืื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก, ื‘ืื’ื™ ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ
01:32
to test the feasibility.
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ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืช.
01:34
And in the summer of 2009,
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ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 2009,
01:36
we invited dozens of blind youth from all over the country
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ื”ื–ืžื ื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ
01:39
and gave them a chance to take it for a spin.
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ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘.
01:41
It was an absolutely amazing experience.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
01:43
But the problem with this car was
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ืื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื”
01:45
it was designed to only be driven in a very controlled environment,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ื ื” ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื” ืจืง ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื ืฉืœื˜ืช,
01:48
in a flat, closed-off parking lot --
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ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉ ื—ื ื™ื” ืฉื˜ื•ื— ื•ืžืชื•ื—ื --
01:50
even the lanes defined by red traffic cones.
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ื›ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื•ื ื•ืกื™ื.
01:52
So with this success,
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื–ื•,
01:54
we decided to take the next big step,
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื,
01:56
to develop a real car that can be driven on real roads.
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ืœืคืชื— ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
01:59
So how does it work?
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ืื– ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ?
02:01
Well, it's a rather complex system,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ืœืžื“ื™,
02:03
but let me try to explain it, maybe simplify it.
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ืืš ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื”, ืื•ืœื™ ืœืคืฉื˜ ืื•ืชื”.
02:06
So we have three steps.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื.
02:08
We have perception, computation
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชืคื™ืกื”, ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘
02:10
and non-visual interfaces.
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ื•ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืœื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื™ื.
02:12
Now obviously the driver cannot see,
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ื›ืขืช ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช,
02:14
so the system needs to perceive the environment
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
02:16
and gather information for the driver.
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ื•ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื”ื’.
02:18
For that, we use an initial measurement unit.
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ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ืช.
02:21
So it measures acceleration, angular acceleration --
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืชืื•ืฆื”, ืชืื•ืฆื” ื–ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ืช --
02:23
like a human ear, inner ear.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.
02:25
We fuse that information with a GPS unit
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ืื ื• ืžืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช GPS
02:27
to get an estimate of the location of the car.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
02:30
We also use two cameras to detect the lanes of the road.
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
02:33
And we also use three laser range finders.
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ.
02:35
The lasers scan the environment to detect obstacles --
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ื”ืœื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืกื•ืจืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื --
02:38
a car approaching from the front, the back
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ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช ืžืœืคื ื™ื, ืžืื—ื•ืจ
02:40
and also any obstacles that run into the roads,
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ื•ื’ื ื›ืœ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืฉืคื•ืจืฅ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ,
02:43
any obstacles around the vehicle.
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ื›ืœ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘.
02:45
So all this vast amount of information is then fed into the computer,
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื™ื•ื–ืŸ ืื– ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘,
02:48
and the computer can do two things.
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ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:50
One is, first of all, process this information
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ื”ืื—ื“, ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืœืขื‘ื“ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื”
02:53
to have an understanding of the environment --
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” --
02:55
these are the lanes of the road, there's the obstacles --
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ืืœื• ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื, ืืœื• ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื --
02:58
and convey this information to the driver.
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ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื’.
03:00
The system is also smart enough
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืกืคื™ืง
03:02
to figure out the safest way to operate the car.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืคืขืœ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
03:04
So we can also generate instructions
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช
03:06
on how to operate the controls of the vehicle.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืชืคืขืœ ืืช ืœื•ื— ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘.
03:08
But the problem is this: How do we convey
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ืื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื
03:10
this information and instructions
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ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืื™ืœื•
03:12
to a person who cannot see
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ืœืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช
03:14
fast enough and accurate enough so he can drive?
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ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืกืคืง ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื’?
03:17
So for this, we developed many different types
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ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
03:19
of non-visual user interface technology.
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ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืงื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื™ื.
03:22
So starting from a three-dimensional ping sound system,
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ืฆืœื™ืœ ืคื™ื ื’ ื‘ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“,
03:24
a vibrating vest,
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ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืจื˜ื˜,
03:26
a click wheel with voice commands, a leg strip,
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ื”ื’ื” ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืงื•ืœื™ื•ืช, ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืจื’ืœ,
03:29
even a shoe that applies pressure to the foot.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืขืœ ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืœื—ืฅ ืœื›ืฃ ื”ืจื’ืœ.
03:31
But today we're going to talk about
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช
03:33
three of these non-visual user interfaces.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืžืžืฉืงื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืœื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
03:35
Now the first interface is called a DriveGrip.
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ื›ืขืช ื”ืžืžืฉืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงืจื "ื“ืจื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื™ืค". (ืื—ื™ื–ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”)
03:38
So these are a pair of gloves,
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื–ื•ื’ ื›ืคืคื•ืช,
03:40
and it has vibrating elements on the knuckle part
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืจื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืคืจืงื™ ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช,
03:42
so you can convey instructions about how to steer --
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ื›ืš ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื” --
03:45
the direction and the intensity.
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ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
03:47
Another device is called SpeedStrip.
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ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื—ืจ ื ืงืจื "ืกืคื™ื“ ืกื˜ืจื™ืค" (ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช).
03:49
So this is a chair -- as a matter of fact, it's actually a massage chair.
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ื–ื”ื• ื›ื™ืกื -- ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื”ื• ื›ื™ืกื ืขื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื.
03:52
We gut it out, and we rearrange the vibrating elements in different patterns,
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ืคืจืงื ื• ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืกื™ื“ืจื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
03:56
and we actuate them to convey information about the speed,
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ื•ื”ืคืขืœื ื• ืื•ืชื ื›ืš ืฉื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
03:59
and also instructions how to use the gas and the brake pedal.
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ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ื•ืฉืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื•ื“ื•ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืœื.
04:02
So over here, you can see
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื›ืืŸ, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
04:04
how the computer understands the environment,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
04:06
and because you cannot see the vibration,
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื˜ื˜,
04:08
we actually put red LED's on the driver so that you can see what's happening.
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ืฉืžื ื• ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื“ ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ื’, ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”.
04:11
This is the sensory data,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™,
04:13
and that data is transferred to the devices through the computer.
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ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘.
04:16
So these two devices, DriveGrip and SpeedStrip,
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ื›ืš ืฉืฉื ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืœื•, "ื“ืจื™ื™ื‘ื’ืจื™ืค" ื•"ืกืคื™ื“ืกื˜ืจื™ืค",
04:18
are very effective.
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ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
04:20
But the problem is
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ืื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื
04:22
these are instructional cue devices.
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ืฉืืœื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช.
04:24
So this is not really freedom, right?
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืืžื™ืชื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:26
The computer tells you how to drive --
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ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ --
04:28
turn left, turn right, speed up, stop.
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ืคื ื” ืฉืžืืœื”, ืคื ื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”, ื”ืืฅ, ืขืฆื•ืจ.
04:30
We call this the "backseat-driver problem."
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ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื›ืš ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”"ื ื”ื’" ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™.
04:32
So we're moving away from the instructional cue devices,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ืžื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืกืžื ื™ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช,
04:35
and we're now focusing more
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:37
on the informational devices.
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ืขืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืžื™ื“ืข.
04:39
A good example for this informational non-visual user interface
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžืžืฉืง ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ
04:41
is called AirPix.
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ื ืงืจื "ืื™ื™ืจ ืคื™ืงืก" (ืคื™ืงืกืœ ืื•ื™ืจ)
04:43
So think of it as a monitor for the blind.
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืฆื’ ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื.
04:45
So it's a small tablet, has many holes in it,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื˜ื— ืงื˜ืŸ , ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
04:47
and compressed air comes out,
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ื•ืื•ื™ืจ ื“ื—ื•ืก ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื ื•,
04:49
so it can actually draw images.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
04:51
So even though you are blind, you can put your hand over it,
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ื›ืš ืฉื’ื ืื ืืชื” ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื™ื“ืš ืžืขืœื™ื•,
04:53
you can see the lanes of the road and obstacles.
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื•ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื.
04:55
Actually, you can also change the frequency of the air coming out
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื
04:58
and possibly the temperature.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืฃ ืืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”.
05:00
So it's actually a multi-dimensional user interface.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื”ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืžืฉืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืจื‘-ืžื™ืžื“ื™.
05:03
So here you can see the left camera, the right camera from the vehicle
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ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช, ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืจื›ื‘
05:06
and how the computer interprets that and sends that information to the AirPix.
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืžืคืจืฉ ื–ืืช ื•ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœ"ืื™ื™ืจืคื™ืงืก"
05:09
For this, we're showing a simulator,
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ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ืื ื• ืžืจืื™ื ืกื™ืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ,
05:11
a blind person driving using the AirPix.
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ืื“ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช "ืื™ื™ืจืคื™ืงืก".
05:14
This simulator was also very useful for training the blind drivers
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ื”ืกื™ืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื
05:17
and also quickly testing different types of ideas
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ื•ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื
05:19
for different types of non-visual user interfaces.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืœื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื™ื.
05:21
So basically that's how it works.
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ืื– ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื›ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
05:23
So just a month ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
05:25
on January 29th,
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ื‘29 ืœื™ื ื•ืืจ,
05:27
we unveiled this vehicle for the very first time to the public
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ื”ืกืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืœื•ื˜ ืžืจื›ื‘ ื–ื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืงื”ืœ
05:29
at the world-famous Daytona International Speedway
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ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื”
05:32
during the Rolex 24 racing event.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืœืงืก 24.
05:34
We also had some surprises. Let's take a look.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฆืคื”.
05:37
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
05:47
(Video) Announcer: This is an historic day in January.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ื›ืจื•ื–: ื–ื”ื• ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ (ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ).
05:51
He's coming up to the grandstand, fellow Federationists.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœื™ืฆื™ืข ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
05:55
(Cheering)
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(ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืขื™ื“ื•ื“)
06:01
(Honking)
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(ืฆื•ืคืจ)
06:04
There's the grandstand now.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ืฆื™ืข ื›ืขืช.
06:06
And he's [unclear] following that van that's out in front of him.
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ื•ื”ื•ื (ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ) ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ืœืคื ื™ื•.
06:10
Well there comes the first box.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืืจื’ื– ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
06:12
Now let's see if Mark avoids it.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืจืื” ื”ืื ืžืืจืง ืขื•ืงืฃ ืื•ืชื•.
06:15
He does. He passes it on the right.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—. ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ.
06:20
Third box is out. The fourth box is out.
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ื”ืืจื’ื– ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ื”ืืจื’ื– ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
06:23
And he's perfectly making his way between the two.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงื“ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
06:26
He's closing in on the van
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืžืกื—ืจื™ืช
06:28
to make the moving pass.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขืงื™ืคื”.
06:32
Well this is what it's all about,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื–ื”,
06:34
this kind of dynamic display of audacity and ingenuity.
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ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื’ื ืช ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช.
06:39
He's approaching the end of the run,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ,
06:42
makes his way between the barrels that are set up there.
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ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื‘ื• ืฉื.
06:47
(Honking)
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(ืฆื•ืคืจ)
06:50
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:56
Dennis Hong: I'm so happy for you.
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ื“ื ื™ืก ื”ื•ื ื’: ืื ื™ ื›ื” ืฉืžื— ืขื‘ื•ืจืš.
06:58
Mark's going to give me a ride back to the hotel.
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ืžืืจืง ื™ืกื™ืข ืื•ืชื™ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ.
07:00
Mark Riccobono: Yes.
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ืžืืจืง ืจื™ืงื•ื‘ื•ื ื•: ื›ืŸ.
07:05
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:14
DH: So since we started this project,
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ื“"ื”: ืžืื– ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื–ื”,
07:16
we've been getting hundreds of letters, emails, phone calls
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ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžืื•ืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื, ื“ื•ื"ืœ, ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื
07:19
from people from all around the world.
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ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
07:21
Letters thanking us, but sometimes you also get funny letters like this one:
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ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ื ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”:
07:24
"Now I understand why there is Braille on a drive-up ATM machine."
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"ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืกืคื•ืžื˜ ื‘ื“ืจื™ื™ื‘-ืื™ืŸ"
07:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:30
But sometimes --
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื --
07:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:34
But sometimes I also do get --
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื’ื --
07:36
I wouldn't call it hate mail --
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื–ื” ื“ื•ืืจ ืฉื˜ื ื” --
07:38
but letters of really strong concern:
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื“ืื’ื” ื—ื–ืงื”:
07:40
"Dr. Hong, are you insane,
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"ื“"ืจ ื”ื•ื ื’, ืื™ื ืš ืฉืคื•ื™,
07:42
trying to put blind people on the road?
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ?
07:44
You must be out of your mind."
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฆืืช ืžื“ืขืชืš."
07:46
But this vehicle is a prototype vehicle,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื›ื‘ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจื›ื‘ ืื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก,
07:48
and it's not going to be on the road
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
07:50
until it's proven as safe as, or safer than, today's vehicle.
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ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื›ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื›ืžื• ืื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
07:52
And I truly believe that this can happen.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืงืจื•ืช.
07:55
But still, will the society,
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ืื•ืœื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”,
07:57
would they accept such a radical idea?
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ื”ืื ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื” ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™?
07:59
How are we going to handle insurance?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—?
08:01
How are we going to issue driver's licenses?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื ืคื™ืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”?
08:03
There's many of these different kinds of hurdles besides technology challenges
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ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืœื‘ื“ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื
08:06
that we need to address before this becomes a reality.
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ืืชื ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
08:09
Of course, the main goal of this project
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื–ื ื–ื”
08:11
is to develop a car for the blind.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื.
08:13
But potentially more important than this
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™
08:15
is the tremendous value of the spin-off technology
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื ื’ื–ืจืช
08:18
that can come from this project.
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ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื–ื”.
08:20
The sensors that are used can see through the dark,
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœื—ื•ืฉืš,
08:22
the fog and rain.
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ืœืขืจืคืœ ื•ืœื’ืฉื.
08:24
And together with this new type of interfaces,
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ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื–ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืงื™ื,
08:26
we can use these technologies
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
08:28
and apply them to safer cars for sighted people.
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ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื ื›ื™ื“ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื.
08:30
Or for the blind, everyday home appliances --
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ืื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื, ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื --
08:33
in the educational setting, in the office setting.
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ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“.
08:35
Just imagine, in a classroom a teacher writes on the blackboard
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ืจืง ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•, ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื—
08:38
and a blind student can see what's written and read
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ื•ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืœืงืจื•ื
08:41
using these non-visual interfaces.
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ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืœื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ืืœื•.
08:43
This is priceless.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืกื•ืœื ื‘ืคื–.
08:46
So today, the things I've showed you today, is just the beginning.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื’ืชื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื, ื”ื ืจืง ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
08:49
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
08:51
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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